| 51. |
- Abbot, Stewart, et al.
(author)
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Report of the international conference on manufacturing and testing of pluripotent stem cells
- 2018
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In: Biologicals. - : Elsevier BV. - 1045-1056. ; 56, s. 67-83
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Sessions included an overview of past cell therapy (CT) conferences sponsored by the International Alliance for Biological Standardization (IABS). The sessions highlighted challenges in the field of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and also addressed specific points on manufacturing, bioanalytics and comparability, tumorigenicity testing, storage, and shipping. Panel discussions complemented the presentations. The conference concluded that a range of new standardization groups is emerging that could help the field, but ways must be found to ensure that these efforts are coordinated. In addition, there are opportunities for regulatory convergence starting with a gap analysis of existing guidelines to determine what might be missing and what issues might be creating divergence. More specific global regulatory guidance, preferably from WHO, would be welcome. IABS and the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) will explore with stakeholders the development of a practical and innovative road map to support early CT product (CTP) developers.
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| 52. |
- Abbott, Jessica
(author)
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Ontogeny and Population Biology of a Sex-Limited Colour Polymorphism
- 2006
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study has involved investigation of number of populations of the damselfly Ischnura elegans over several years, looking at frequency changes over time, morphological differences between the sexes and the morphs, differences in growth rate and development time, differences in fecundity between the morphs, and genetic differentiation between populations. I. elegans is a small annual damselfly with three female colour morphs (Androchrome, Infuscans, and Infuscans-obsoleta), one of which (the Androchrome) is considered a male mimic; males are monomorphic. Empirically estimated selection coefficients were used in a population genetic and dynamic model with environmental variation which predicted coexistence of the three morphs. This suggests that negative frequency-dependence on fecundity mediated by male mating harassment is sufficient to explain coexistence of the morphs. Field data also showed that fecundity decreased with increasing frequency in the population for all three morphs. Investigation of sexual dimorphism revealed that the sexes differed in development time, growth rates, and adult size and shape and that sexual size dimorphism is produced in I. elegans by a combination of development time and development rate acting in concert. The female morphs also differed in development time, growth rates, and adult size and shape, although in this case effects of development time and development rate cancelled each other out. In addition, male-like body shape had a negative effect on fecundity in Infuscans-obsoleta females but not in Androchrome or Infuscans females. Quantitative genetic parameters for morphological traits showed that an evolutionary response to selection on body shape is possible. Comparisons of Fst-values and the lack of isolation by distance both suggest that this is a highly dynamic non-equilibrium system, and genetic diversity appears to be influenced by wind direction. The results in this study indicate that the morphs are subject to negative frequency-dependent selection via male mating harassment, and that the differences between the morphs are part of their identity as alternative adaptive strategies.
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| 53. |
- Abboud, Amina, et al.
(author)
-
Årsbok 2018 : Socialhögskolan, Lunds universitet
- 2019
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Socialhögskolans årsbok ger en liten inblick i vad vi gör och vi hoppas att den bidrar till att presentera utsnitt från vår verksamhet på ett trevligt och samlat sätt. Årsboken som är Socialhögskolans tredje uppmärksammar inte bara det som skett på Socialhögskolan under 2018. Den uppmärksammar även att 2018 var året då svensk äldreomsorg fyllde 100 år. Årsbokens gästredaktör Per Gunnar Edebalk inleder därför bokens forskningsavsnitt med att i år skriva om just hundraåringens historia. Det är inledningen på ett avsnitt där flera forskare vid Socialhögskolan bjuder på bidrag som lyfter fram aspekter av äldreomsorg och åldrande.Håkan Jönson och Tove Harnett resonerar om de begrepp som omgärdar äldreomsorgens möten och organisering sett i ett socialt arbetets perspektiv. De två har även skrivit en artikel om huruvida behov ska ses annorlunda mellan grupper bara för att man passerat en viss ålder.Däremellan presenteras en text av Erika Werner som låter oss möta frågor kring en sviken generation, här genom ett möte med Agnes, som hamnade mitt i skarven när pensionssystemet reformerades. Elisabeth Carlstedt presenterar en text om hur äldreomsorgens särskilda boenden arbetar i relation till Socialtjänstlagens direktiv om meningsfullhet och värdighet, och hur svårt det är. Lars Harrysson presenterar därefter ett avsnitt om två forskningsprojekt som han och Erika Werner gjort där fokus har legat dels på pensioner för personer i ekonomiskt utsatta grupper, speciellt med migrantbakgrund, dels om hur tro och äldreomsorg samspelar, eller inte. Äldreomsorgsavsnittet avslutas sedan med en intervju som Patrik Hekkala gjort med Peter Andersson som startade kursen socialt arbete med äldre och med Tove Harnett som tagit över och fortsatt utvecklingsarbetet till dags datum.Årsboken avslutas sedan med fyra texter. En av Amina Abboud, snart färdig socionom, som skriver om sina erfarenheter av och i uppsatsskrivandet. Sedan en där vi får möta Carina Olsson som arbetat hos oss länge, men som faktiskt arbetat vid universitetet i 40 år 2018. Emelie Dahlström, Joakim Grina och Jan Abrahamsson ger sedan en bakgrundsteckning till en hos Socialhögskolan verksam social accelerator, SoPact. Som avrundning finner du sedan lite mer information om vår verksamhet här vid Socialhögskolan.
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| 54. |
- Abd, Hadi, et al.
(author)
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Ante mortem diagnosis of amoebic encephalitis in a haematopoietic stem cell transplanted patient
- 2009
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-1980 .- 0036-5548. ; 41:8, s. 619-622
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Acanthamoeba species are widely distributed free-living amoebae showing an increased role as human pathogens causing encephalitis, keratitis, pneumonitis and dermatitis. A haematopoietic stem cell transplanted (HSCT) patient developed purulent meningitis while awaiting regrafting. The meningitis was thought to be an endogenous infection arising from the mucous membranes primarily involving the cervicofacial regions, probably due to haematogenous spread facilitated by surgery. We diagnosed a fatal case of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis caused by Acanthamoeba castellanii by direct microscopy of a cerebrospinal fluid sample (CSF), Acanthamoeba cultivation, Giemsa staining, polymerase chain reaction and sequencing.
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| 55. |
- Abdalkhalik, Mostafa
(author)
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Oligomerization of human and bacterial frataxin : Structural and functional studies
- 2017
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease caused by defeciency in frataxin, a highly conserved protein central to iron homeostasis in mirochondria. The function of frataxin is related to its capability to bind, store and deliver iron to different biochemical process such as iron-sulfur cluster assembly and heme biosynthesis. Most FRDA pateints have extended GAA codon repeats in the first intron of the frataxin gene, which results in decreased protein expression. Low levels of frataxin lead to dysregulation of mitochondrial function, iron accumulation, increased levels of ROS production and subsequent mitochondrial protein and DNA damage.Two isoforms of human frataxin, FXN42-210 and FXN56-210, as well as yeast frataxin Yfh1 have been shown to build up oligomeric species stabilized by a long non-conserved N-terminal extension. On the other hand, the short form of human frataxin FXN81-210, which is also the most abundant isoform of the protein in cells, appeared to function only as a monomer. Within this thesis we study the oligomerization of the short form of human frataxin FXN81-210 , and compare it to the oligomerization of bacterial frataxin CyaY. The study is based on several experimental methods, including dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), electron microscopy (EM), crosslinking mass spectrometry (CXMS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and nano-differential scanning fluorimetry (nano-DSF).The results show that both FXN81-210 and CyaY are able to form oligomers in the presence of iron at aerobic conditions. However, while iron-induced CyaY oligomers had high stability over time, FXN81-210 oligomers dissociated into monomeric species after about 24 hours. Surprisingly, ferric iron chelators as well as hydrogen peroxide had the ability to enhance the formation of FXN81-210 oligomers. On the other hand, the presence of the same chelators resulted in the dissociation of higher order CyaY oligomeric into lower order oligomers and monomers. XAS studies indicated that large FXN81-210 oligomers are stabilized by a ferrihydrite mineral, which is presumably formed during oxidation of bound iron.CXMS, SAXS and EM were used in the analysis of the oligomeric structures. The data suggested that for both FXN81-210 and CyaY the iron induced larger oligomers are built up by dimers arranged in a head-to-tail mode. SAXS data were also used to study the effect of iron concentration relative to protein concentration on iron-induced CyaY oligomers, showing increased build up of oligomers with increasing iron concentration.Nano-DSF measurements on iron-induced CyaY oligomers were used for additional assessment of CyaY oligomer stabilty. The data showed two melting points a lower temperature point corresponding to oligomer dissociation and a high temperature point corresponding to monomer denaturation. This suggests that CyaY may build transient oligomers in cells in response to conditions of elevated iron content.
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| 56. |
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| 57. |
- Abdelaziz, Omar Y.
(author)
-
Lignin Conversion to Value-Added Small-Molecule Chemicals : Towards Integrated Forest Biorefineries
- 2021
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Lignin is the most abundant aromatic biopolymer on Earth and has significant potential as a feedstock for industrial use. Due to its intrinsic heterogeneity and recalcitrance, lignin has been regarded as a low-value side-product in the pulp and paper industry and in second-generation biorefineries. However, novel technologies are currently being explored to utilize lignin as a renewable resource for bio-based chemicals, fuels, and materials. The efficient valorization of lignin would also improve the economics and sustainability of forest-based industries. Deriving value from lignin, beyond low-value heat and power, is thus essential for the success of a global circular bioeconomy employing lignocellulosic biomass as a raw material.This thesis discusses the possibility of producing high-value chemicals from technical lignin streams via thermochemical–biological methods. The work deals with four major research themes: (1) providing insights into the physicochemical properties of technical lignins that could be valuable in designing routes for their valorization, (2) developing technologies for the thermochemical depolymerization of lignin under batch and continuous-flow conditions, (3) developing strategies for the biological valorization of lignin by combining thermochemical depolymerization with microbial conversion, and (4) assessing the techno-economic viability of lignin as a feedstock for sustainable chemical production in a biorefinery.Comprehensive physicochemical characterization of technical lignins is crucial in the development of molecularly tailored lignin-based applications. Elucidating the structural and compositional features can facilitate the matching of technical lignin streams with suitable valorization strategies, including thermochemical depolymerization. Two thermochemical depolymerization approaches were investigated for the production of low-molecular-weight aromatics from technical lignin: base-catalyzed depolymerization and oxidative depolymerization. Both approaches were also found to be effective means of pretreatment enabling the microbial conversion of kraft lignin.Continuous processing allowed hydrothermal lignin treatment at exceptionally short residence times, and this is anticipated to be an important stepping-stone toward technical lignin valorization. Membrane filtration appeared to be a practical method of separating complex depolymerized lignin mixtures for product fractionation and upgrading. Bimetallic catalyst systems based on Cu, Mn, and V improved the oxidative conversion of lignosulfonate and kraft lignins into value-added aromatic compounds. Techno-economic analysis underlined the viability of large-scale chemical production from kraft lignin by oxidative depolymerization, offering opportunities for process integration with traditional pulp mills.
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| 58. |
- Abdelhady, Dalia, et al.
(author)
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Gaza and the Right to Have Rights
- 2024
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In: Nordic Journal of Migration Research. - : Helsinki University Press. - 1799-649X. ; 14:1
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 59. |
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| 60. |
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