| 1. |
- Abbas, Sascha, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium and breast cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nutrition and Cancer. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0163-5581 .- 1532-7914. ; 65:2, s. 178-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies assessing the effects of vitamin D or calcium intake on breast cancer risk have been inconclusive. Furthermore, few studies have evaluated them jointly. This study is the largest so far examining the association of dietary vitamin D and calcium intake with breast cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. During a mean follow-up of 8.8 yr, 7760 incident invasive breast cancer cases were identified among 319,985 women. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of vitamin D intake, HR and 95% CI were 1.07 (0.87-1.32) and 1.02 (0.90-1.16) for pre- and postmenopausal women, respectively. The corresponding HR and 95% CIs for calcium intake were 0.98 (0.80-1.19) and 0.90 (0.79-1.02), respectively. For calcium intake in postmenopausal women, the test for trend was borderline statistically significant (P(trend) = 0.05). There was no significant interaction between vitamin D and calcium intake and cancer risk (P(interaction) = 0.57 and 0.22 in pre- and postmenopausal women, respectively). In this large prospective cohort, we found no evidence for an association between dietary vitamin D or calcium intake and breast cancer risk.
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| 2. |
- Al-Zoubi, Noura, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Magnesium on hydrogenated ScAl1-xMgx alloys : a theoretical study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Computational materials science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-0256 .- 1879-0801. ; 50:10, s. 2848-2853
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ab initio total energy calculations, based on the projector augmented wave method and the exact mu±n-tin orbitals method in combination with the coherent-potential approximation, are used to examine the effect of magnesium on hydrogen absorption/desorption temperature and phase stability of hydrogenated ScAl1-xMgx (0 ≤ x ≤ 0:3) alloys. According to the experiments, ScAl1-xMgx adopts the CsCl structure, and upon hydrogen absorption it decomposes into ScH2 with CaF2 structure and Al-Mg with face centered cubic structure. Here we demonstrate that the stability field of the hydrogenated alloys depends sensitively on Mg content and on the microstructure of the decomposed system. For a given microstructure, the critical temperature for hydrogen absorption/desorption increases with Mg concentration.
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| 3. |
- Aleksandrov, E, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging streams of institutional theory in accounting research : current status and future directions
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to reflect upon the emerging streams of institutional theory, their application and influence on the accounting research of the last decade. Specifically, the paper’s ambition is to review and understand the role of institutional logics (IL), institutional entrepreneurship (IE) and institutional work (IW) in accounting research. These streams of institutional theory become increasingly valuable in accounting research for their explanatory capacities. At the same time, but their application, especially in a combined form, can also raise criticalities within theoretical pluralism agenda. We compile a structured literature review of articles published in scientific journals in the accounting field (levels 4 and 3 in ABS list). We examine the way how current accounting literature utilizes the selected institutional streams of accounting theory, how the theories or their combination (if any) are justified and used in a flow of argument for the understanding of accounting practice.
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| 4. |
- Aleksandrov, Evgenii, et al.
(författare)
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Rankings for smart city dialogue? : Opening up a critical scrutiny
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting and Financial Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.. - 1096-3367 .- 1945-1814. ; 34:5, s. 622-643
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This paper aims to explore whether and how contemporary rankings reflect the dialogic development of smart cities. Design/methodology/approach: This paper is based on the synthesis of smart city (SC), rankings and dialogic accounting literature. It first analyses ranking documents and related methodologies and measures and then reflects on four SC rankings, taking a critical stand on whether they provide space for the polyphonic development of smart cities. Findings: This study argues that rankings do not include divergent perspectives and visions of smart cities, trapping cities in a mirage of multiple voices and bringing about a lack of urban stakeholder engagement. In other words, there is a gap between the democratic demands on smart cities and what rankings provide to governments when it comes to dialogue. As such, rankings in their existing traditional and technocratic form do not serve the dynamic and complex nature of the SC agenda. This, in turn, raises the threat that rankings create a particular notion of smartness across urban development with no possibility of questioning it. Originality/value: The paper responds to recent calls to critically examine the concept of the SC and the role that accounting has played in its development. This study brings new insights regarding the value of dialogic accounting in shaping a contemporary understanding of rankings and their criticalities in the SC agenda.
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| 5. |
- Aleksandrova, Elena V, et al.
(författare)
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Structural basis of Cfr-mediated antimicrobial resistance and mechanisms for its evasion
- 2023
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ribosome is an essential drug target as many classes of clinically important antibiotics bind and inhibit its functional centers. The catalytic peptidyl transferase center (PTC) is targeted by the broadest array of inhibitors belonging to several chemical classes. One of the most abundant and clinically prevalent mechanisms of resistance to PTC-acting drugs is C8-methylation of the universally conserved adenine residue 2503 (A2503) of the 23S rRNA by the methyltransferase Cfr. Despite its clinical significance, a sufficient understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying Cfr-mediated resistance is currently lacking. In this work, we developed a method to express a functionally-active Cfr-methyltransferase in the thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus and report a set of high-resolution structures of the Cfr-modified 70S ribosome containing aminoacyl- and peptidyl-tRNAs. Our structures reveal that an allosteric rearrangement of nucleotide A2062 upon Cfr-methylation of A2503 is likely responsible for the inability of some PTC inhibitors to bind to the ribosome, providing additional insights into the Cfr resistance mechanism. Lastly, by determining the structures of the Cfr-methylated ribosome in complex with the antibiotics iboxamycin and tylosin, we provide the structural bases behind two distinct mechanisms of evading Cfr-mediated resistance.
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| 6. |
- Allen, Matthew S., et al.
(författare)
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Model reduction concepts and substructuring approaches for nonlinear systems
- 2020
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Ingår i: CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences, Courses and Lectures. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2309-3706 .- 0254-1971. ; 594, s. 233-267
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter reviews common nonlinearities that are encountered in engineering structures, with a particular emphasis on geometric nonlinearity. Popular ways to construct reduced order models for geometrically nonlinear problems are discussed. The concept of nonlinear normal modes is presented to help understand the dynamics of these structures, and some recently presented substructuring methods are reviewed.
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| 7. |
- Allen, MD, et al.
(författare)
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SWI/SNF subunit BAF155 N-terminus structure informs the impact of cancer-associated mutations and reveals a potential drug binding site
- 2021
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Ingår i: Communications biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 4:1, s. 528-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SWI/SNF (BAF) chromatin remodelling complexes are key regulators of gene expression programs, and attractive drug targets for cancer therapies. Here we show that the N-terminus of the BAF155/SMARCC1 subunit contains a putative DNA-binding MarR-like domain, a chromodomain and a BRCT domain that are interconnected to each other to form a distinct module. In this structure the chromodomain makes interdomain interactions and has lost its canonical function to bind to methylated lysines. The structure provides new insights into the missense mutations that target this module in cancer. This study also reveals two adjacent, highly-conserved pockets in a cleft between the domains that form a potential binding site, which can be targeted with small molecules, offering a new strategy to target SWI/SNF complexes.
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| 8. |
- Balzarotti, A, et al.
(författare)
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W=0 pairing in Hubbard and related models of low-dimensional superconductors
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. - 1361-648X. ; 16:47, s. 1387-1422
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lattice Hamiltonians with on-site interaction W have W = 0 solutions, that is, many-body singlet eigenstates without double occupation. In particular, W = 0 pairs give a clue to understand the pairing force in repulsive Hubbard models. These eigenstates are found in systems with high enough symmetry, like the square, hexagonal or triangular lattices. By a general theorem, we propose a systematic way to construct all the W = 0 pairs of a given Hamiltonian. We also introduce a canonical transformation to calculate the effective interaction between the particles of such pairs. In geometries appropriate for the CuO2 planes of cuprate superconductors, armchair carbon nanotubes, or cobalt oxide planes, the dressed pair becomes a bound state in a physically relevant range of parameters. We also show that W = 0 pairs quantize the magnetic flux as superconducting pairs do. The pairing mechanism breaks down in the presence of strong distortions. The W = 0 pairs are also the building blocks for the antiferromagnetic ground state of the half-filled Hubbard model at weak coupling. Our analytical results for the 4 x 4 Hubbard square lattice, compared to available numerical data, demonstrate that the method, besides providing an intuitive grasp on pairing, also has quantitative predictive power. We also consider including phonon effects in this scenario. Preliminary calculations with small clusters indicate that vector phonons hinder pairing while half-breathing modes are synergic with the W = 0 pairing mechanism both at weak coupling and in the polaronic regime.
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| 9. |
- Baumanova, Monika, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Structural dynamics of spatial complexity at the 'Palace of Gede', Kenya
- 2017
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Ingår i: Azania. - : ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0067-270X .- 1945-5534. ; 52:1, s. 71-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a set of structural and network analysis approaches, this paper focuses on the monumental structure known as 'the Palace' at the Swahili stone town site of Gede, located near the Kenya coast. Gede is one of many stone towns that flourished on the East African littoral from the thirteenth to the sixteenth centuries AD. The 'Palace complex' is the largest building on site and developed in at least three stages within the last 100-150 years of the site's occupation. Its palatial function has so far been considered mainly in light of its monumentality and relative size, hence on the basis of its formal properties. This article utilises approaches that examine the spatial structure of the complex, offering an analysis of its spatial organisation by studying its inherent potential in terms of movement and visibility. The interpretation of the social logic of its development presented here is based on access and visibility analyses and on network analysis and thus connects methodologies developed in the 1980s with those that have started to be more widely discussed only within the last decade. The results reveal how the configuration and use of rooms, their place in the communication network within the building and their social potential changed through time.
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| 10. |
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