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- Axelsson Olsson, Diana, et al.
(författare)
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Acanthamoeba-Campylobacter coculture as a novel method for enrichment of Campylobacter species
- 2007
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Ingår i: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 73:21, s. 6864-6869
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we present a novel method to isolate and enrich low concentrations of Campylobacter pathogens. This method, Acanthamoeba-Campylobacter coculture (ACC), is based on the intracellular survival and multiplication of Campylobacter species in the free-living protozoan Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Four of the Campylobacter species relevant to humans and livestock, Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, and C. hyointestinalis, were effectively enriched by the coculture method, with growth rates comparable to those observed in other Campylobacter enrichment media. Studying six strains of C. jejuni isolated from different sources, we found that all of the strains could be enriched from an inoculum of fewer than 10 bacteria. The sensitivity of the ACC method was not negatively affected by the use of Campylobacter-selective antibiotics in the culture medium, but these were effective in suppressing the growth of seven different bacterial species added at a concentration of 10(4) CFU/ml of each species as deliberate contamination. The ACC method has advantages over other enrichment methods as it is not dependent on a microaerobic milieu and does not require the use of blood or other oxygen-quenching agents. Our study found the ACC method to be a promising tool for the enrichment of Campylobacter species, particularly from water samples with low bacterial concentrations.
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| 2. |
- Krigsman, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Refill non-adherence to repeat prescriptions leads to treatment gaps or to high extra costs.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Pharmacy World & Science. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0928-1231 .- 1573-739X. ; 29:1, s. 19-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To determine the nature and extent of undersupply and the economic consequences of oversupply of medication among non-adherent patients. METHODS: This study used copies of repeat prescriptions (= multiple dispensations), collected during 1 week in 2002 at 16 Swedish community pharmacies. For patients with a refill adherence below 80%, treatment gaps were defined as the number of days they had no drug available. The cost of drug oversupply (i.e., refill adherence > 120%) was calculated from the prices of the drug packages dispensed. RESULTS: The number of collected repeat prescriptions was 3,636. The median of treatment gaps among patients with a refill adherence below 80% was 53 days per 90-100 days treatment period and the corresponding median for oversupply was 40 days. The cost of oversupply for exempt patients (i.e., patients who have paid 1,800 SEK (Euro 196; US$ 243) per year for medicines) was 32,000 SEK (Euro 3,500; US$ 4,300) higher than for non-exempt patients. An extrapolation to all Sweden indicates that exemption from charges leads to an additional oversupply of about 142 million SEK (Euro 15 million; US$ 19 million) per year above that of non-exempt patients. CONCLUSION: Both undersupply and oversupply of prescribed medicines are common in Sweden. Patients with a refill adherence below 80% seem to have less than half of the prescribed treatment available. Oversupply or drug stockpiling occurs more frequently among exempt than among non-exempt patients, and this oversupply leads to high unnecessary costs.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Waldenström, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Migrating birds and tickborne encephalitis virus
- 2007
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Ingår i: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. ; 13:8, s. 1215-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During spring and autumn 2001, we screened 13,260 migrating birds at Ottenby Bird Observatory, Sweden, and found 3.4% were infested with ticks. Four birds, each a different passerine species, carried tickborne encephalitis virus (TBEV)-infected ticks (Ixodes ricinus). Migrating birds may play a role in the geographic dispersal of TBEV-infected ticks.
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