| 1. |
- Basic, Goran, 1972-
(författare)
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Skulle jag grilla lamm med dig? : Försoning och oförsonlighet i före detta lägerfångars berättelser
- 2007
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Is it possible for civilians, who have been targets of war action, to reconcile with their former enemies? In this study I am analyzing the stories told by former camp-prisoners who were imprisoned at the beginning of the Bosnia-Herzegovina war in the early 1990’s. These prisoners were detained in the concentration-camps of Omarska, Keraterm and Manjača. The former prisoners took refuge in the Nordic countries after the war. The aim of the study is partly to analyze traces of reconciliation and implacability, and partly to detect and describe the rituals of interaction that emerged during the war, which have been revised and reinterpreted after the war. The report is based on 13 interviews with former camp-prisoners and their close relatives who now live in Sweden, Denmark and Norway. Added to the study is a document analysis of verdicts by the Hague-tribunal and UN reports. Rather than the one-sided view of the former camp-prisoners, as traumatised, an action-oriented picture emerged. The stories of the camp-prisoners are nuanced fields where the narrator divides guilt and responsibility, reconciliation and implacability, the roles of heroes and victims. The study shows that the ethnic cleansing, in the Bosnian Northwest, caused not only series of atrocities but also dramatic changes in terms of different symbols and life-stories. The camps in the Bosnian Northwest were characterized by crimes and excesses against people. Individuality was heavily restricted by different power-rituals and abuse-processes. The interactive dynamics that evolved during the ethnic cleansing have a strong impact on the process of reconciliation after the war. The stories of reconciliation, implacability and victimization are constructed not only in relation to the war as a whole but also in relation to the narrators own actions and others personal actions during the war. It seems like the interviewees are trying to put their experiences behind them to escape being tormented by the past. The most outstanding in their stories is implacability, but forgiveness and reconciliation seem to be achievable if certain conditions are met, for example the display of shame.
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| 2. |
- Nieminen Kristofersson, Tuija
(författare)
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Om social sårbarhet i samband med extraordinära händelser : En intervjustudie i 12 kommuner
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this report is to study how the authorities in twelve Swedish municipalities consider social vulnerability in disasters. The study is based on telephone interviews with ten officials responsible for safety and risk analysis and with ten officials responsible for social and psychological support after disasters. Three group interviews about the support for affected citizens after the storm Gudrun in southern Sweden in 2005, the Asian tsunami in 2004 and an accident with toxic gas in 2005 were conducted with municipal officials. The municipalities represent different kinds of cities and villages in Sweden. The measures in the municipalities were performed with expert knowledge to keep the legitimacy of the municipal authorities. In some municipalities the support was performed with empowerment and was adjusted to the needs of the affected. The officials considered elderly and other people who already have care or nursing, immigrants and those without social network, as socially vulnerable. None of the respondents mentioned homeless people, tourists or illegal immigrants. These groups are often mentioned in international research. Some of the respondents discussed how far the responsibility of the municipal authorities should extend. They also discussed how much responsibility citizens living in the countryside should have for their own safety for example in case of power failure. The question ought to bring up for public and political discussion. Another question is whether the authorities or the affected have the right to define social vulnerability.
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| 3. |
- Nieminen Kristofersson, Tuija
(författare)
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Sårbar men inte ensam : en studie av några drabbades erfarenheter av Kemiraolyckan, tsunamin och stormen Gudrun
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this report is to illustrate how the affected after disasters have experienced their situation and the support from authorities. The study is based on interviews with 16 persons after the storm Gudrun in southern Sweden 2005, the Asian tsunami 2004 and an accident with toxic gas in a Swedish town 2005. The affected received most support, both practical and emotional, from their social networks. Conditions for that kind of support is the emotional energy and solidarity (Collins 2004) created in the network before the disaster. The affected after the toxic gas accident had a great need for information about the disaster. Most vulnerable were those who already were in need of care. After the tsunami the relatives in Sweden needed information and emotional support. They received support from their social network and the municipality crisis support. Some of them asked for support in dealing with meaning of grief and death. Their vulnerability is not so much social but existential about the great questions in human life. They also mentioned the differences between women and men. Men did not always share their emotional experiences in the counseling or in group discussions. The affected after the tsunami were offered counseling immediately but they had need for that kind of service even several months after the disaster. After the storm Gudrun people living in the countryside were affected by trouble in the infrastructure. They also lost forest, and their situation is characterized as economic vulnerability. After the storm the affected were able, for example, to do efforts to make the ways open again. They also could go and see elderly people living alone far away in the forests before the authorities could. Therefore, the municipality authorities have started a discussion how to cooperate with the farmer’s organisation in case of disasters.
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