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Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Larsson Rolf) srt2:(2005-2009);srt2:(2008)"

Sökning: WFRF:(Larsson Rolf) > (2005-2009) > (2008)

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1.
  • Ahlin, Gustav, et al. (författare)
  • Structural requirements for drug inhibition of the liver specific human organic cation transport protein 1
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 51:19, s. 5932-5942
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The liver-specific organic cation transport protein (OCT1; SLC22A1) transports several cationic drugs including the antidiabetic drug metformin and the anticancer agents oxaliplatin and imatinib. In this study, we explored the chemical space of registered oral drugs with the aim of studying the inhibition pattern of OCT1 and of developing predictive computational models of OCT1 inhibition. In total, 191 structurally diverse compounds were examined in HEK293-OCT1 cells. The assay identified 47 novel inhibitors and confirmed 15 previously known inhibitors. The enrichment of OCT1 inhibitors was seen in several drug classes including antidepressants. High lipophilicity and a positive net charge were found to be the key physicochemical properties for OCT1 inhibition, whereas a high molecular dipole moment and many hydrogen bonds were negatively correlated to OCT1 inhibition. The data were used to generate OPLS-DA models for OCT1 inhibitors; the final model correctly predicted 82% of the inhibitors and 88% of the noninhibitors of the test set.
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3.
  • Andersson, Göran, et al. (författare)
  • Värdecirkeln. Hur utvecklar IKEA och Volvo långsiktig konkurrenskraft.
  • 2008
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ökad global konkurrens ger ökad kundmakt, vilket sätter kundvärde i fokus. Kundvärde kan konkretiseras i egenskaper eller attribut för produkter. För att skapa produktattribut och kundvärde krävs aktiviteter. Om varje aktivitet utförs av det mest lämpade företaget erhålls ett effektivt värdeskapande. Gränserna mellan företag öppnas mer och mer och det är inte självklart vilket företag som skall utföra vilken aktivitet. Det har blivit allt vanligare att företag utvecklar täta relationer med kunder och leverantörer. Konkurrensen mellan företag kan vara mindre betydelsefull än konkurrensen mellan olika värdesystem. Hur hanterar företag denna nya verklighet? Hur klarar etablerade modeller som värdekedja, värdesystem och värdestjärna att beskriva och förklara uthålligt värdeskapande i denna situation? Går det att utveckla en modell för värdeskapande som bättre avbildar denna nya verklighet? Vi har genomfört fallstudier vid två stora, framgångsrika företag, Ikea och Volvo Art. Studien visar att värdekedja, värdesystem och värdestjärna har svagheter och föreslår en ny modell som vi ger namnet värdecirkel. Värdecirkeln illustrerar att nyckeln till konkurrenskraft är förmågan att identifiera kundvärde, översätta detta till produktattribut, konfigurera värdeskapande aktiviteter som genererar det identifierade kundvärdet. Värdecirkeln visar att ett ledande företag kan skaffa sig kontakt både med värdeskapandets startpunkt och slutpunkt och därigenom få ett kontinuerligt lärande. Detta ger uthållig konkurrenskraft.
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4.
  • Cabric, Sanja, et al. (författare)
  • A new method for incorporating functional heparin onto the surface of islets of Langerhans
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Tissue Engineering. Part C, Methods. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1937-3384 .- 1937-3392. ; 14:2, s. 141-147
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A novel technique is described to conjugate macromolecular heparin complexes to cell surfaces. The method is based on the dual properties of avidin-expressing binding sites for both biotin and a macromolecular complex of heparin. A quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) revealed sequential binding of biotin, avidin, and heparin complexes. Large particle flow cytometry confirmed functional integrity. Confocal microscopy of the heparinized islets showed evenly distributed fluorescence. An in vitro Chandler loop model demonstrated that the biocompatibility of the new method is comparable to the previous method used on artificial materials with regard to coagulation and antithrombin uptake. The technique presented allows human islets of Langerhans to successfully be covered with functional heparin as a means to reduce instant blood-mediated inflammatory reactions induced by the innate immune system.
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5.
  • Djurfeldt, Göran, et al. (författare)
  • African farm dynamics and the sub-continental food crisis – the case of maize
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Section C. Food Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1650-7541 .- 1651-288X. ; 5:2, s. 75-91
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This is a longitudinal study of smallholder farm dynamics in eight African countries, drawing on a sample of more than 3000 farm households. It deals with influences on smallholder maize production at three different levels: micro, meso and macro. Although the study points to inadequately exploited production potentials and a production system based primarily on self-provisioning the drivers behind dynamism in this context are clear. Dynamic production patterns are closely associated with smallholder access to modern crop technologies in combination with commercial incentives as expressed both at the meso and macro levels.
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6.
  • Granberg, Mikael, et al. (författare)
  • Dealing with uncertainty : a case study of controlling insect populations in natural ecosystems
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Local Environment. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1354-9839 .- 1469-6711. ; 13:7, s. 641-652
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper analyses the political process for handling an outbreak of an insect causing human allergic reactions. In the southern part of the Swedish island Gotland in the Baltic Sea, an outbreak of the northern pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pinivora, has occurred. With regard to the human nuisance and long-term effects on the tourist industry, demands have been raised for intervention to reduce and control the insect population. At the same time, there have been warnings against treating the insect population because there are knowledge gaps concerning the wider ecological consequences, including effects on biodiversity. This paper analyses the political process and its problemsolving efforts. Of particular interest is how it dealt with the issue of uncertainty. It was found that the uncertainty associated with the issue hindered the development of a shared understanding of the problem and a possible solution. There seems to be a growing need in society to develop the institutional capacity to handle complex issues that cross different sectors, regulatory frameworks and policy targets.
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7.
  • Hassan, Saadia, et al. (författare)
  • Gene expression signature-based chemcial genomics and activity pattern in a panel of tumour cell lines propose linalyl acetate as a protein kinase/NF-κB inhibitor
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Gene Therapy and Molecular Biology. - 1529-9120. ; 12:B, s. 359-370
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The essential oil of Lebanese sage, Salvia libanotica, was reported to have anti-tumour activity; however, the mechanism of action has not been identified yet. In this study, 14- cancer cell lines including drug-sensitive and resistant lung, leukaemia, and colon, as well as primary human tumours of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and primary normal mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used to characterize the anti-tumour activity and mechanism of action of linalyl acetate, a component of the Lebanese sage essential oil. Drug activity and gene expression data sets were utilized to identify drugs with similar activity patterns and genes involved in drug sensitivity/resistance. In addition, the Connectivity Map, a gene expression signature-based screening approach, assisted in predicting further the molecular action of linalyl acetate. Small cell lung carcinoma and colorectal cancer cell lines were the most sensitive to the drug and greater tumour selectivity was observed against chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells compared to normal mononuclear cells. Only limited effect of some of the classical mechanisms of multi-drug resistance on the activity of Linalyl acetate was noted which makes it potentially interesting for drug-resistant patients. There was high similarity between the activity-pattern/gene expression profile of linalyl acetate and that of protein kinase/NF-kappa B inhibitors. Validating this, linalyl acetate was found to strongly inhibit Janus kinase, JAK3, and p38 alpha kinases in a cell-free assay as well as the NF-kappa B translocation in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, our results show that the NF-kappa B inhibitor, linalyl acetate, may represent a new therapeutic compound in the management of inflammation and cancer.
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8.
  • Itani, Wafica, et al. (författare)
  • Anti colon cancer components from lebanese sage (Salvia libanotica) essential oil : Mechanistic basis
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Cancer Biology & Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1538-4047 .- 1555-8576. ; 7:11, s. 1765-1773
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Lebanese sage essential oil possesses antitumor properties, however, the bioactive components and antitumor mechanisms are not known. Here we show that combining the three sage bioactive compounds, Linalyl acetate (Ly), Terpeniol (Te) and Camphor (Ca), caused synergistic inhibition of the growth of two isogenic human colon cancer cell lines HCT-116 (p53(+/+) and p53(-/-)), and had no effect on growth of FHs74Int normal human intestinal cell line. In p53(+/+) cells, the combination of Ly + Te + Ca (10(-3) M of each) caused significant accumulation of cells in PreG(1) (64% at 48 h); less preG(1) increase was observed in response to Ly + Te (25%) or Ly + Ca (14%). In p53(-/-) cells, Ly + Te + Ca caused cell accumulation in PreG(1) and G(2)/M phases. In response to the three components, 58% apoptosis occurred in p53(+/+) cells and 38% in p53(-/-) cells. Apoptosis by Ly + Te + Ca, in p53(+/+) cells, was associated with increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and pp53/p53 ratio, cleavage and activation of caspase-3, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release. In p53(-/-) cells, the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential was observed but to a lesser extent than in p53(+/+) cells and caspase activation or cleavage did not appear to be involved in drug-induced apoptosis. Sage components induced poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP) cleavage in both p53(+/+) and p53(-/-) cell lines. Pretreatment with the caspase-3 inhibitor and pan caspase inhibitor abrogated drug-mediated apoptosis and blocked procaspase-3 activation and partially blocked PARP cleavage in p53(+/+) cells. Conversely, in p53(-/-) cells, pre-incubation with caspase inhibitors potentiated drug-induced cell death. It appears that apoptosis in p53(+/+) cells is through the mitochondrial-mediated, caspase-dependent pathway, while in p53(-/-) cells apoptosis is mostly caspase independent despite the presence and features indicating caspase-dependent cell death, such as cytochrome c release and PARP cleavage. Our findings encourage further studies of sage oil components as promising chemotherapeutic agents against colon cancer.
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9.
  • Jacobson, Tor, et al. (författare)
  • Inflation, Exchange Rates and PPP in a Multivariate Panel Cointegration Model
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Econometrics Journal. - 1368-4221 .- 1368-423X. ; 11:1, s. 58-79
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • New multivariate panel cointegration methods are used to analyze nominal exchange rates and prices in four major economies in Europe: France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom for the post-Bretton Woods period. We test for purchasing power parity (PPP) between these four countries and find that the theoretical PPP relationship does not hold. However, the estimated unrestricted relationship is found to be remarkably close to the theoretical one (1, -1.5, 0.9 instead of 1, -1,1). Relevant asymptotic results are stated, proved, and evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations. The asymptotic results are general and may hence be used in similar empirical contexts using the same model structure. Parametric bootstrap inference is used in order to deal with test size distortions.
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10.
  • Larsson, Andreas, et al. (författare)
  • Orientation of individual C60 molecules adsorbed on Cu(111) : Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional calculations
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 77:11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Density functional theory (DFT) and low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) have been combined to examine the bonding of individual C60 molecules on Cu(111). Energy-resolved differential-conductance maps have been measured for individual C60 molecules adsorbed on a Cu(111) surface by means of low-temperature STM, which are compared to and complemented by theoretically computed spectral images. It has been found that C60 chemisorbs with a six-membered ring parallel to the surface at two different Cu(111) binding sites that constitute two exclusive hexagonal sublattices. On each sublattice, C60 is bonded in one particular rotational conformer, i.e., C60 molecules bind to the Cu(111) surface in two different azimuthal orientations differing by 60°depending on which sublattice the binding site belongs to. The binding conformation of C60 and its orientation with regard to the copper surface can be deduced by this joint experimental-theoretical approach. Six possible pairs of C60 configurations on three different Cu surface binding sites have been identified that fulfil the requirements of the two sublattices and are consistent with all experimental and theoretical data. Theory proposes that two of these configuration pairs are most likely. We have found that DFT does not get the binding energy between rotational conformers in the correct order. We also report two different C60 monolayers on Cu(111): one with alternating orientations of neighboring molecules at low temperature and the other with (4×4) structure after annealing above room temperature.
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