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| 2. |
- Johansson, Börje, et al.
(author)
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Affinities and frictions of trade networks
- 1994
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In: The annals of regional science. - 0570-1864 .- 1432-0592. ; 28:3, s. 243-261
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper formulates a theoretical framework in which the analysis starts with supplier-customer links of micro type. From this we derive aggregate trade links between nodes in a spatial network. It is shown how affinities and barriers shape and influence the establishment of customer links, and how this forms aggregate patterns of flows. The framework is applied to three types of models for determining trade patterns — random discrete choice, information theory and gravity models. Essentially equivalent solutions are derived.
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Börje, et al.
(author)
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Affinities and Network Attributes in Sweden's Trade with Europe
- 1993
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A combined time series and cross-section data set is used in order to estimate network properties in the Swedish export to Europe. These properties are related to product cycle phenomena, and to a classification of commodities into product and price competitive. The estimated models combine a characterization of the nodes in the trade network with a representation of link attributes in order to explain the direction and amount of trade for different commodities.The study supports the assumption that differences in market perfornance is associated with differences in the demand for links with specific attributes. It also shows that trade patterns are influenced by economic and cultural affinities between pairs of countries.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Börje, et al.
(author)
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Att bygga nätverk av städer
- 1993. - 1
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In: Botnianätverket. - Umeå : CERUM. - 917174746X ; , s. 112-153
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Börje, et al.
(author)
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Technical Change, Location and Trade
- 1987
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In: Papers in regional science (Print). - Umeå : Umeå universitet. - 1056-8190 .- 1435-5957. ; 62:1, s. 13-35
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The difference between the slow adjustment of localized resources and the faster processes of technical change and product renewal cause a relocation pressure on existing production. Introduction of new products, techniques and establishments is stimulated by opportunities to attain temporary monopoly profits and is restrained by sunk costs in older vintages and competition for local resources. Introduction is more frequent in nodes with a rich and varied importstructure. The process can be modelledas a chain of import, production and export cycles with relocation. Conditions for introduction and change of location are analysed by means of a spatial vintage model.
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