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- Emanuel, Martin, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Politiken kring svensk rymdverksamhet : Transkript av ett vittnesseminarium på Tekniska museet i Stockholm den 17 januari 2018
- 2018
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The witness seminar “Politiken kring svensk rymdverksam-het” (Politics relating to Swedish space activities) was held at Tekniska museet on January 17, 2018, and was led by Lennart Nordh, assisted by Johan Gärdebo. The seminar focused on the relationship between Swedish space activities and various forms of politics, from the 1960s until the 2000s. The discus-sants presented various definitions of politics, recurrently re-turning to the question whether or not Sweden ever had a comprehensive space policy or not. According to the partici-pants, Swedish space activities have been linked to their real or perceived contributions to other policy areas—research, technology, foreign policy, regional policy, and European in-tegration—but without a clear overriding political vision per-taining to space specifically. Initiatives were characterized as “management by opportunities,” which implies making full use of opportunities arising in- or outside of the space activi-ties. In addition to this, policy-makers, whether within the Swedish National Space Board, the Swedish Space Corpora-tion, or the Swedish space industry, have called upon allies in other European governments, organizations and industries, as well as individuals within the Swedish establishment to exert pressure on the Swedish Government at critical moments. On other occasions foreign pressure was exerted without any proposals from Swedish actors. It was noted that regional support for Kiruna has been important since Swedish space activities began in the 1960s, and the Esrange space range was established. The seminar identified several examples of how policy-makers within the Swedish space sector negotiated with governmental officials to gain support for projects and to expand the scope of space activities into other policy areas. Telecommunication, remote sensing and meteorology were discussed as the main areas in which space technology found operational use—although research and geographic surveying was also mentioned. Since the 1990s, the main changes have been driven by the Swedish integration into the European Union, the reduced Swedish ownership in major industrial companies, and the increased commercialization of space ac-tivities. The previously dominant state funding was comple-mented by increasing private financing, and new start-ups be-gan to compete with previously established companies. Meanwhile, the ability of Swedish state actors to influence the future of Swedish space enterprises has diminished.
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- Gärdebo, Johan, 1986-
(author)
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Environing Technology : Swedish Satellite Remote Sensing in the Making of Environment 1969–2001
- 2019
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The state-owned Swedish Space Corporation established a satellite remote sensing infrastructure and defined uses for the technology both within and beyond Sweden during the latter part of the twentieth century. This thesis studies Swedish satellite remote sensing as an environing technology – a technology that environs, that produces environments and our perceptions of the environment. This perspective is important in historicising Sweden’s role in developing a technology that now is used both to manage environments on a global scale and to provide an understanding of what the environment is. It is also important to understand these environing activities as motivated by and related to other aims, for example Swedish non-alignment, development aid, and the export of expertise to new markets. I ask two questions. Firstly, how did Swedish satellite remote sensing activities contribute to the making of environment? Secondly, why did the Swedish satellite remote sensing experts conduct these activities?Studying environing technologies requires combining the theoretical understandings of history of technology and environmental history and treats technology and environment as outcomes of environing activities. Methodologically, the thesis studies written and oral sources to find activities related to satellite remote sensing that take part in sensing, writing about, or shaping environments. From these activities, new understandings of technology and environment emerge over time.The thesis is structured around five empirical chapters: 1) the institutionalisation of remote sensing as part of environmental diplomacy in Sweden, 1969–1978; 2) the establishment and expansion of a French-Swedish remote sensing infrastructure, showcased by sensing the Chernobyl meltdown in 1986; 3) the export of Swedish technoscientific expertise as a form of development aid, 1983–1994; 4) the promotion of satellites as a tool for sustainable development, 1987–1993; and 5) the establishment of an environmental data centre to monitor the European environment as part of managing the expansion of the European Union, 1991–1999.Swedish satellite remote sensing experts contributed to numerous international demonstrations that emphasised the technology as a tool for sustainable development of environments on a global scale. These activities beyond Sweden, often through transnational collaborations, were undertaken to establish satellite remote sensing within Sweden. The lack of a long-term strategy for the Swedish government’s space activities forced the technoscientific experts to find ad hoc uses for their technology, of which environmental applications were the most significant.
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- Jernelöv, Arne, et al.
(author)
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Unexptected technological futures
- 2005
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In: Framtider. - : Sekretariatet för framtidsstudier, Forskningsrådsnämnden. - 0281-0492. ; :2
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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- Kaiserfeld, Thomas, et al.
(author)
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Inledning
- 2015. - 500
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In: Med varm hand. - Stockholm : KTH Royal Institute of Technology. ; , s. 7-20
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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