| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
- Eriksson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Static platelet adhesion, flow cytometry and serum TXB2 levels for monitoring platelet inhibiting treatment with ASA and clopidogrel in coronary artery disease : a randomised cross-over study
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Translational Medicine. - : BioMed Central. - 1479-5876. ; 7:42
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Despite the use of anti-platelet agents such as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and clopidogrel in coronary heart disease, some patients continue to suffer from atherothrombosis. This has stimulated development of platelet function assays to monitor treatment effects. However, it is still not recommended to change treatment based on results from platelet function assays. This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of a static platelet adhesion assay to detect platelet inhibiting effects of ASA and clopidogrel. The adhesion assay measures several aspects of platelet adhesion simultaneously, which increases the probability of finding conditions sensitive for anti-platelet treatment. Methods: With a randomised cross-over design we evaluated the anti-platelet effects of ASA combined with clopidogrel as well as monotherapy with either drug alone in 29 patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. Also, 29 matched healthy controls were included to evaluate intra-individual variability over time. Platelet function was measured by flow cytometry, serum thromboxane B-2 (TXB2)-levels and by static platelet adhesion to different protein surfaces. The results were subjected to Principal Component Analysis followed by ANOVA, t-tests and linear regression analysis. Results: The majority of platelet adhesion measures were reproducible in controls over time denoting that the assay can monitor platelet activity. Adenosine 5-diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet adhesion decreased significantly upon treatment with clopidogrel compared to ASA. Flow cytometric measurements showed the same pattern (r(2) = 0.49). In opposite, TXB2-levels decreased with ASA compared to clopidogrel. Serum TXB2 and ADP-induced platelet activation could both be regarded as direct measures of the pharmacodynamic effects of ASA and clopidogrel respectively. Indirect pharmacodynamic measures such as adhesion to albumin induced by various soluble activators as well as SFLLRN-induced activation measured by flow cytometry were lower for clopidogrel compared to ASA. Furthermore, adhesion to collagen was lower for ASA and clopidogrel combined compared with either drug alone. Conclusion: The indirect pharmacodynamic measures of the effects of ASA and clopidogrel might be used together with ADP-induced activation and serum TXB2 for evaluation of anti-platelet treatment. This should be further evaluated in future clinical studies where screening opportunities with the adhesion assay will be optimised towards increased sensitivity to anti-platelet treatment.
|
|
| 43. |
- Eriksson, Anders, 1939-, et al.
(författare)
-
The acoustics of word stress in English as a function of stress level and speaking style
- 2015
-
Ingår i: 16th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (INTERSPEECH 2015). - ISCA : ISCA. - 9781510817906 ; , s. 41-45
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study of lexical stress in English is part of a series of studies, the goal of which is to describe the acoustics of lexical stress for a number of typologically different languages. When fully developed the methodology should be applicable to any language. The database of recordings so far includes Brazilian Portuguese, English (U.K.), Estonian, German, French, Italian and Swedish. The acoustic parameters examined are f0-level, f0-variation, Duration, and Spectral Emphasis. Values for these parameters, computed for all vowels, are the data upon which the analyses are based. All parameters are tested with respect to their correlation with stress level (primary, secondary, unstressed) and speaking style (wordlist reading, phrase reading, spontaneous speech). For the English data, the most robust results concerning stress level are found for Duration and Spectral Emphasis. f0-level is also significantly correlated but not quite to the same degree. The acoustic effect of phonological secondary stress was significantly different from primary stress only for Duration. In the statistical tests, speaker sex turned out as significant in most cases. Detailed examination showed, however, that the difference was mainly in the degree to which a given parameter was used, not how it was used to signal lexical stress contrasts.
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
- Falk, Hjalmar, 1978
(författare)
-
Från klan till stat
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Göteborgs Posten. - 1103-9345. ; :2018-10-24
-
Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recension av Per Brinkemo och Johan Lundberg (red), Klanen, Timbro förlag, 2018.
|
|
| 46. |
- Fors Brandebo, Maria, 1979-
(författare)
-
Military Leaders and Trust
- 2015
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to study trust in military leaders. Empirical data was gathered through interviews and questionnaires with military personnel mostly from Sweden, but also from four other European countries.Paper I illustrates that trust in military leaders can be theoretically understood in terms of a hierarchical system of categories, higher-level categories and two superior categories labelled Individual-related and Communication- and relationship-related characteristics.Paper II examines how trust between military leaders and their subordinates is related to negative critical incidents in international operations. The results show that trust can be affected by pre-existing influences, of both an individual and contextual nature. The level of trust that develops between leaders and subordinates appears to have an influence on perceptions and re-evaluations of leaders’ trustworthiness during and after involvement in critical incidents.In Paper III, an instrument, Destrudo-L, was developed to measure destructive leadership behaviours on five different dimensions: Arrogant, unfair, Threats, punishments, overdemands, Ego-oriented, false, Passive, cowardly, and Uncertain, unclear, messy.In Paper IV the relationship between constructive and destructive leadership behaviours and trust is examined. The results show that constructive leadership contributed most to trust in the immediate supervisor. A great deal of trust in immediate supervisors can be understood by evaluating both constructive and destructive leadership behaviours.This thesis contributes with context-specific knowledge on trust in leaders in a military context and knowledge of psychological processes and individual dispositions that shape and change the willingness to trust leaders. The main findings presented in this thesis are the identification of characteristics of the trustor, the trustee, and the context which influences trust in military leaders.
|
|
| 47. |
- Fromm, Samuel, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
-
The defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation with step-like oscillatory initial data
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We study the Cauchy problem for the defocusing nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation under the assumption that the solution vanishes as x → +∞ and approaches an oscillatory plane wave as x → -∞ . We first develop an inverse scattering transform formalism for solutions satisfying such step-like boundary conditions. Using this formalism, we prove that there exists a global solution of the corresponding Cauchy problem and establish a representation for this solution in terms of the solution of a Riemann-Hilbert problem.By performing a steepest descent analysis of this Riemann--Hilbert problem, we identify three asymptotic sectors in the half-plane t ≥ 0 of the xt-plane and derive asymptotic formulas for the solution in each of these sectors. Finally, by restricting the constructed solutions to the half-line x ≥ 0, we find a class of solutions with asymptotically time-periodic boundary values previously sought for in the context of the NLS half-line problem.
|
|
| 48. |
- Gallmetzer, Reinhold, et al.
(författare)
-
Individual Responsibility for Crimes Under International Law : The UN ad hoc Tribunals and the International Criminal Court
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Grotius Centre for International Legal Studies. - : Grotius Centre for International Legal Studies, The Hague. ; , s. 60-77
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present article concerns individual criminal responsibility under international law. It is based on a lecture at the Summer School of the Grotius Centre for International Legal Studies, held by Reinhold Gallmetzer in The Hague on 5 July 2005. Reinhold Gallmetzer has turned his presentation into the present article and Mark Klamberg has written the second part on the ICC.
|
|
| 49. |
- Gren, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
Cost effective reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases - fuel and food consumption and negative emissions in Sweden
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Reduction in emissions of green house gases (GHG) from consumption of fuel and food and implementation of negative emissions, such as forest carbon sequestration and carbon capture and storage, have been suggested in practice and literature. One challenge is the uncertainty in reductions of GHG depending on e.g stochastic weather conditions. This paper calculates cost effective combinations of the emission reductions in fuel and food and creation of negative emissions in Sweden under uncertainty by using probabilistic constraint modelling. The results show that the cost of emission reductions in fuel and food consumption are relatively expensive and carbon sequestration by forest management and conversion of arable land are low cost measures. It is also shown that the regional welfare effects at the county level are regressive, i.e. that relatively poor counties carry a large cost burden in cost effective solutions.
|
|
| 50. |
- Gren, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
Cost-Effective Spatial and Dynamic Management of a Eutrophied Baltic Sea
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Marine Resource Economics. - : University of Chicago Press. - 0738-1360 .- 2334-5985. ; 28:3, s. 263-284
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this article is to calculate cost-effective spatial and dynamic allocations of nutrient abatement for reaching targets in a large sea with different and interlinked marine basins. A discrete dynamic model was constructed to account for measures affecting both nitrogen and phosphorus and heterogeneous and coupled marine basins within the sea. Theoretical results revealed that positive decay rates of nutrient pools in the marine basins reduce abatement costs by delaying abatement over time. The results also showed that simultaneous management of both nutrients reduces overall abatement costs as compared with separate management. An empirical application to the intergovernmental agreement on nutrient pool targets in the Baltic Sea was made by combining results from an oceanographic model with an economic model of abatement costs. The results indicate that modest changes in decay rates make a significant impact on abatement costs and that simultaneous implementation of targets for both nutrients can reduce total cost by approximately 15% compared with separate treatment. A robust result is the finding that one country, Poland, faces much higher abatement costs than the other eight riparian countries because of its relatively large discharges into a marine basin with a stringent phosphorus target and slow response to load changes.
|
|
