| 11. |
- Akselsson, Roland, et al.
(author)
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Computer Aided Participatory Planning
- 1990
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In: Ergonomics of Hybrid Automated Systems II. ; , s. 69-76
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A computer aided action research method for design of work places is presented. A project group of researchers, managers, union representatives, supervisors, shop-floor workers and representatives from the health-and-safety department analyse different aspects of the physical and organizational work environment. Factory layouts and the flow of raw materials and goods, truck routes and overhead crane movements are shown on a computer screen by means of simulation and animation techniques. Field studies at four companies strongly suggest that the animation helps the members in the project group to develop a common language and to better comprehend what a future factory design and work organization would look like.
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| 12. |
- Akselsson, Roland, et al.
(author)
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Computer-Aided Planning of New Production Lines in Mechanical Industries and of Working Environments for Disabled Persons
- 1993
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In: Production Research. ; , s. 85-86
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To optimize productivity and working-life quality, it is important to understand and utilise the connections between productivity and working environment. Culture and the state of the market may affect the strength of these connections. However, in order to ensure flexibility and quality in products and services, it may be useful to have motivated, skilled and responsible coworkers at all levels. For the same reasons, absenteeism and high turnover rates have to be avoided. In a time when new technology is rapidly disseminated throughout the world, the way in which human resources are managed may be of the outmost importance to success. A major obstacle to the gathering of experience and knowledge from all relevant parties – e g production engineers, managers, the workforce and external experts – in a planning process is the lack of a common, efficient language. Mistakes made when designing new working environments are often very costly to adjust once the plans are realized. The prize of a poorly-planned environment is high in economical terms, but also in terms of human suffering. This may be especially important for disabled persons. Some basic ideas behind the computer-aided planning methodology currently being developed at the Lund Institute of Technology, and at Lund University, are the following ones: -In a planning process, it is important to draw on the creativity, experience, knowledge and enthusiasm of as many persons as possible. It is particularly essential that the group which is going to manage and apply the planned system finds it acceptable, as this group’s willingness and competence to improve the solution during and after implementation is often crucial. -Time is a resource in short supply, and a planning group including persons with very dissimilar backgrounds in terms of experience and knowledge could be too time-consuming. -Pictures of planned systems may help a heterogeneous group to obtain a common language; they may also provide the members of the group with good mental models as a basis for an efficient dialogue. In this workshop paper we will briefly discuss the computer-aided planning tool and present some of our experiences of its application to the planning of new production lines in mechanical industries and of working environments for the disabled.
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| 13. |
- Akselsson, Roland, et al.
(author)
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Computer Aided Planning of Production and Working Environment
- 1994
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In: Human Factors in Organizational Design and Management -IV. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. ; , s. 499-504, s. 499-504
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Success of design projects depends on their quality from a technical and economic point of view and on the quality of their implementation and use. This paper discusses a computer aided planning (CAP) technique and its applicability and quality in both these respects. One version of the CAP-technique is developed for planning of industrial working environments and another version for planning of residential and working environments for physically handicapped.
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| 14. |
- Akselsson, Roland, et al.
(author)
-
Efficient and effective learning for safety from incidents
- 2012
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In: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 41, s. 3216-3222
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Learning from incidents is important for improving safety. Many companies spend a great deal of time and money on such learning procedures. The objectives of this paper are to present some early results from a project aimed at revealing weaknesses in the procedures for learning from incidents and to discuss improvements in these procedures, especially in chemical process industries. The empirical base comes from a project assessing organizational learning and the effectiveness of the different steps of the learning cycle for safety and studying relations between safety-specific transformational leadership, safety climate, trust, safety-related behavior and learning from incidents. The results point at common weaknesses in the organizational learning, both in the horizontal learning (geographical spread) and in vertical learning (double-loop learning). Furthermore, the effectiveness in the different steps of the learning cycle is low due to insufficient information in incident reports, very shallow analyses of reports, decisions that focus at solving the problem only at the place where the incident took place, late implementations and weak solutions. Strong correlations with learning from incidents were found for all safety climate variables as well as for safety-related behaviors and trust. The relationships were very strong for trust, safety knowledge, safety participation and safety compliance.
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| 15. |
- Akselsson, Roland, et al.
(author)
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Elemental Abundance Variation with Particle Size in Aerosols from Welding Operations
- 1974
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In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Nuclear Methods in Environmental Research. ; , s. 395-401
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of airborne particulate matter on human health is today of considerable research interest. Essential parameters include elemental composition sampling with low pressure cascade impactors and analysis by particle induced x-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE). It is shown that the aerosol generated by arc welding operations is several orders of magnitude denser than aerosols in ambient air. Most of the mass is found on particles between 0.1 and 1µm diameter, but the size distribution differs from one welding technique to another. The relative composition of the aerosol is found to differ significantly from that of both the welding piece and the electrode indicating the presence of fractionation of the type indicated in this work in designing electrodes and welding pieces to minimize the health hazards associated with the welding.
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| 16. |
- Akselsson, Roland
(author)
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Human Factors and Sustainable Development - Some Lessons from Human Factors and Safety Management
- 2010
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In: Neue Arbeits- und Lebenswelten gestalten. - 9783936804089 ; , s. 437-440
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mankind is already spending beyond the capacity of its planet and trends look very scaring. Big changes in human behaviour are urgent. As pointed out by others there are many ways how Ergonomics/Human Factors/ could contribute to such changes. The aim of this paper is to discuss some lessons learnt from safety performance in aviation and trans¬formed to sustainability, especially the concepts sustainability management systems and resilience sustainability cultures adapted to different levels of the global socio-technical-economic system and to different contexts.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Akselsson, Roland
(author)
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Kris- och riskhantering - nytta för chefer
- 1998
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In: Beslutsträning (Mandator). ; , s. 47-56
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Riskhantering i krissituationer – behöver beslutsfattare träna? Forskningen om beslut under stress har gått framåt det senaste decenniet. Särskilt intressant är att den klassiska laboratorieforskningen med oerfarna försökspersoner kompletterats med studier av beslut under realistiska förhållanden. Vi har lärt oss hur beslutsfattare i ett första steg använder sin erfarenhet för att känna igen risksituationer och för att komplettera bilden om informationen som går att få fram är otillräcklig eller motsägande. I ett andra steg hämtar de en lösning från minnet som de anpassar, testar och tillämpar. Med denna modell ger erfarenhet bättre reslutat, vilket visats i studier. Vidare kan riskhanteringen förbättras genom träning under realistiska förhållanden. För komplexa situationer är träning av grupper speciellt intressant där gruppen förbättrar sin förmåga att hantera risker under stress - gruppen förbättrar sitt samarbete och sin kommunikation samt skaffar sig gemensamma mentala modeller. Ett annat mål med realistisk träning bör vara att identifiera möjligheter att förebygga krissituationer och att underlätta riskhanteringen. Ett datorstöd för träning, som fokuserar på att använda realistiska förutsättningar, är mycket intressant.
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| 20. |
- Akselsson, Roland, et al.
(author)
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Management systems for safety in nuclear industries
- 2015
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In: Safety and Reliability of Complex Engineered Systems. - 9781138028791 ; , s. 3391-3398
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Requirements on well documented management systems for Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) are relatively new and in different developmental phases. Thus there is a need of knowledge about well-functioning Safety Management Systems (SMSs) also considering other goals and restrictions. Since there ia a lack of mature management systems for NPPs it is important to learn from other NPPs, but also from other safety critical industries. The objectives of this paper are to identify and discuss some important elements that should be included and well managed in SMSs in the NPP sector. Information is taken from reports from major accidents, the scientific literature and interviews. The results are pointing at weaknesses in the SMS at the concern and site levels and a need for specific training for the top management. Abilities to anticipate and cope with foreseeable and unforeseeable events are stressed. Important topics in development are indicators and probabilistic risk analysis.
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