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Sökning: LAR1:miun > (2005-2009)

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2.
  • Abdalla, Suliman A (författare)
  • Architecture and circuit design of photon counting readout for X-ray imaging sensors
  • 2007
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Hybrid pixel array detectors for X-ray imaging are based on different technologies for sensor and readout electronics. The readout electronics are based on standard CMOS technologies that are experiencing continuously rapid improvements by means of down-scaling the feature sizes, which in turn lead to higher transistor densities, lower power consumption, and faster circuits. For pixel-array imaging sensors the improvements in CMOS technology opens up new possibilities of integrating more functionality in the pixels for local processing of the sensor data. However, new issues related to the tight integration of both analog and digital processing circuits within the small area of a pixel must also be evaluated. The advantages of down-scaling the CMOS technology can be utilized to increase the spatial resolution by reducing the pixel sizes. Recent research indicates however that the bottleneck in reaching further spatial resolution in X-ray imaging sensors may not be limited by the circuit area occupied by the functions necessary in the pixels, but are instead related to problems associated with charge-sharing of charges generated by the sensor which are distributed over a neighbourhood of pixels and will limit the spatial resolution and lead to a distortion of the energy spectrum. In this thesis a mechanism to be implemented in the readout circuits is proposed in order to suppress the charge-sharing effects. The proposed architecture and its circuit implementation are evaluated with respect to circuit complexity (area) and power consumption. For a photon-counting pixel it is demonstrated that the complete pixel, with charge-sharing suppression mechanism, can be implemented using 300 transistors with an idle power consumption of 2.7μW in a 120nm CMOS technology operating with a 1.2V power supply. The improvements in CMOS technology can also be used for increasing the range of applications for X-ray imaging sensors. In this thesis, an architecture is proposed for multiple energy discrimination, called color X-ray imaging. The proposed solution is the result of balancing the circuit complexity and the image quality. The method is based on color sub-sampling with intensity biasing. For three-level energy discrimination, that corresponds to color imaging systems for visible light with R, G, and B color components, the increase in circuit complexity will be only 20% higher than that for the Bayer method but results in significantly better image quality. As the circuit complexity in the digital processing within each pixel is increased, the digitally induced noise may play an increasingly important role for the signal-to-noise ratio in the measurements. In this thesis an initial study is conducted regarding how the digital switching noise affects the analog amplifiers in the photon-counting pixel.
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3.
  • Abdalla, Suliman, et al. (författare)
  • Architecture and Circuit Design for Color X-Ray Pixal Array Detector Read-Out Electronics
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: 24th Norchip Conference, 2006. - New York : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781424407729 ; , s. 271-276
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper proposes an area- and power-efficient implementation of the read-out electronics for color X-ray pixel detectors for imaging. Introducing multiple levels of energy discrimination will increase the complexity of the read-out electronics in each pixel. The proposed architecture has full resolution for the intensity and reduced resolution for the energy spectrum (color), which leads to a good compromise of image quality and circuit complexity. We show that the increase in complexity, compared to single energy-range pixel, will lead to increase in circuit area of less than 20%.
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4.
  • Abdalla, Suliman, et al. (författare)
  • Circuit Implementation of Mechanism for Charge-Sharing Suppression for Photon-Counting Pixel Arrays
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: 23rd NORCHIP Conference 2005. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 1424400643 ; , s. 137-140
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This work proposes an efficient circuit implementation of a mechanism for charge-sharing suppression in photon-counting pixel arrays based on current-mode circuits for the analog parts. The additional circuits needed for charge-sharing suppression in a four-pixel cluster, leads to an increase in power consumption of 36% and only a marginal increase in circuit area. The implemented pixel with window-discrimination, managing charge-sharing in a four-pixel cluster and with an event-counter of 13 bits, consists of 300 transistors and has a power consumption of 2.7 μW when idle. It is implemented in a 120nm CMOS process and the presented results are based on simulations.
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6.
  • Abrahamsson, Bengt, et al. (författare)
  • I brytpunkten mellan invasions- och insatsförsvar : utmaningar och möjligheter vid Försvarsmaktens reformering
  • 2008
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Rapporten lyfter fram ett antal anomalier och utmaningar som Försvarsmakten hotas av vid övergången från ett invasions- till ett insatsförsvar. De nya krigen kännetecknas av utdragna konflikter med kombinationer av militära och andra maktmedel och processer där hotet att sätta in militära resurser är vanligare än faktisk väpnad strid. Detta skapar behov av lokalkunskap, förhandlingsskicklighet, socialpsykologisk kunskap och kännedom om gradvis konfliktlösning. Frågor om etik och legitimitet accentueras. Sammantaget är de krav på förmågor som ställs bredare än tidigare och omfattar allt från krishantering vid låga konfliktnivåer, till väpnad strid mot en avancerad motståndare, nationellt som internationellt. Vilka visioner och mål som skall prägla det svenska militära engagemanget utomlands, och vad svenska soldater och officerare ska uträtta är oklart. Med dagens neddragningar av försvaret kan det dock bli problematiskt för Sverige att leva upp till både sina åtaganden internationellt, och bilden av sig själva som en modern försvarsmakt. Så länge denna fråga är otillräckligt besvarad riskerar också personalförsörjningen till Försvarsmakten att förbli osäker, och i avsaknad av tydliga huvudmannakrav bestäms en stor del av utvecklingen av verkställarens tolkning av verkligheten. 
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7.
  • Ackrén, Maria, et al. (författare)
  • Condition(s) for Island Autonomy
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: International Journal on Minority and Group Rights. - 1385-4879 .- 1571-8115. ; 15:2-3, s. 227-258
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The inquiry is focusing on why island autonomy occurs. Our point of departure considers four possible conditions such as geographical distance, ethnicity, GDP/capita and size according to population leading towards island autonomy. We use two sample groups in our study: one encompassing autonomous islands deriving from different parts of the world, with three main islands illustrating what we mean by island autonomy. These consist of the Azores, the Faroe Islands and Isle of Man. The second group consists of so called non-autonomous islands scattered around the world. The analysis is carried out with a specific technique within the Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) family and that is Multi-Value QCA (MVQCA). MVQCA is an extension of the Crisp-Set QCA (CSQCA) and withholds a dichotomous dependent variable, while the possible explanatory variables (independent variables) can have multi-values. As a second technique Fuzzy-Set QCA (FSQCA) is employed as a control technique only. While assessing these techniques we receive combinations of conditions leading to the outcome in question. Results show that with MVQCA we receive four different paths towards island autonomy. Ethnicity as the only explanation is one route towards the outcome. A second path is small or large size. Long geographical distance combined with no ethnic diversity is a third way towards island autonomy. The fourth path is long geographical distance combined with the lower or upper middle income group. All the paths are equally valid.
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8.
  • After the Tsunami : crisis communication in Finland and Sweden
  • 2009
  • Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The tsunami disaster in Southeast Asia during Christmas 2004 caused many deaths among vacationers from Finland and Sweden. It could be described as one of the worst catastrophes experienced during the post-war period in these countries. This book examines how this dramatic and unexpected event affected public communication patterns and practices in countries like Finland and Sweden. The communicative relations between government actors, the media and citizens always significantly affect the development of crucial democratic values such as trust, accountability and legitimacy. The book covers different topics related to this issue, such as strategic political communication, media coverage, newsroom practices, public opinion and the use of new media in Finland and Sweden after the tsunami disaster.
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9.
  • Ahlgren, Åsa, et al. (författare)
  • Disability pension despite vocational rehabilitation : A study from six social insurance offices of a county
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Rehabilitation Reserch. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0342-5282 .- 1473-5660. ; 28:1, s. 33-42
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Many long-term sick-listed individuals move from vocational rehabilitation to pension, rather than reaching the goal of return to work. There is thus reason to consider whether rehabilitation resources are being used optimally. Individuals receiving disability pensions are consuming financial and personnel resources at the insurance offices and also consume a large amount of health care. The general objective of the study was to evaluate the proportion of individuals granted vocational rehabilitation but then obtaining temporary or permanent disability pensions. All persons receiving any kind of rehabilitation and attending one of six local national insurance offices in a county in Sweden in 1998 and 1999 were studied. A 2-year follow-up was carried out to assess changes in status among those who had received temporary disability pensions. Of all individuals receiving rehabilitation, 46.2% ended up with a disability pension allowance. In addition, a large portion of the temporary disability pensions was transformed to permanent disability pensions within 2 years. For clients with a temporary disability pension, the rate of resuming work was close to nil. Among rehabilitation measures, investigation showed the lowest figures of work resumption while job training showed the best outcome in this respect. The study concluded that a large portion of the financial and personnel resources allocated by the national insurance offices to rehabilitation resulted in disability pensions.
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10.
  • Ahlgren, Åsa, et al. (författare)
  • Selection of clients for vocational rehabilitation at six local social insurance offices. : a combined register and questionnaire study on rehabilitation measures and attitudes among social insurance officers.
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081 .- 0001-5555. ; 40:3, s. 178-184
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate possible differences between local social insurance offices with regard to their selection of clients for vocational rehabilitation. A further aim was to determine whether social insurance officers from different local insurance offices have uniform attitudes regarding professional practice in their application of the insurance system. METHODS: A register-based investigation of 815 vocational rehabilitees served by 6 local social insurance offices in a Swedish county. The study was supplemented with a questionnaire to 30 officers about attitudes to social insurance. RESULTS: The office with the lowest rate of sick-listing periods exceeding one year, and a high frequency of employment training, showed the highest degree of work resumption and the lowest pension rate after vocational rehabilitation. There were wide differences in attitude among the local social insurance officers regarding professional practice in their application of the system. CONCLUSION: Intra-county differences occur in handling people on sick-leave who undergo vocational rehabilitation. The local social insurance offices with the highest and lowest outcome rates of work resumption and disability pension, respectively, select clients for vocational rehabilitation from different categories of cases. Social insurance officers from different local offices differ in their attitudes towards the social insurance system and its clients.
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