| 1. |
- Assarsson, Liselott, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Iscensättande av identiteter i vuxenstudier
- 2005
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The focus of this thesis is how identities are construed in adult education. According to the theoretical framework inspiring the study, identities are viewed as discursive constructions that are negotiated in social arenas. Hence, identities are considered versatile, plural and contradictory. The study has an ethnographic case study design and the field work was conducted 1998–2001. Various sources of data collection, such as interviews and participant observations were utilised. Every day practice at three different institutions of adult education in the case study municipality ”Nystad” were studied: Folk high school, Komvux and Liber Hermods flexgymnasium. Participants (27) were studied extensively, and a follow-up containing biographical interviews with the participants was also done 18 months after the main study.The result will show how the discourse of life long learning produce different technologies applying to different institutions of adult education defining what counts as knowledge, the relationships between actors and the demands participants will be posed with. Although the institutions of education are different, there are also similarities. The differences, however, are important in the recruitment of participants. The requirements of the education as to who you are supposed to be as a participant in adult education show a similar pattern, irrespective of the institution of education; the student with an interest in studying, prone to change, independent and well-behaved.Different strategies are detected when focusing the staging of participants’ identities, adaptive and defiant. An adaptive strategy means the adults meet the requirements of the education and a defiant strategy that they resist. The strategies may be applied by one and the same participant depending on the situation. Biographies show how different interpretative repertoires are used to stage different identities. The participants use four repertoires relevant to the subject: that of making a living, learning, earning credits and self realization. The repertoires applicable to the forms of teaching are teacher oriented, selfdirected and conversational. The repertoires used in relation to the teachers in adult education are expert, person, supervisor and administrator. The repertoires used by the adults in order to describe other participants are adult student, study mate and friend. The result of the study inspires the discussion of adult education in terms of social inclusion and exclusion.
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| 2. |
- Bjurström, Erling, 1949-
(author)
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Högt och lågt : Smak och stil i ungdomskulturen
- 1997
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The thesis contributes to the understanding of modern youth cultures. The study consists of three parts. The first part explores the development of youth culture research. In the second part a theoretical perspective is developed on taste and style that can be applied to contemporary youth cultures. The key concepts used in this elaboration are stylisation and contextualisation, and the distinction between style markers and style elements. Stylisation is regarded as a prerequisite for the production of style, which puts emphasis on the agency involved in the construction of youth styles. Style markers, i.e. single or combined elements which give an immediate comprehension of the distinctive traits of a style, are fundamental to the social classification and decoding of styles. They also play a decisive role in the recontextualisation of styles. Styles are always drawn into processes of distinction and dialogism. The former of these processes has foremost been elaborated in the cultural sociology of Pierre Bourdieu and the latter in the work of Paul Ricoeur and Mikhail Bakhtin. In the second part of the thesis these approaches are combined into a dialectic of distinction and dialogism. At the same time Bourdieu's notions of symbolic capital, social fields and habitus are scrutinized. In the third part of the thesis the theoretical perspective is oriented towards empirical findings. The aim of the empirical investigations is to analyse whether and to what extent social dimensions are reflected in young people's taste for culture and aesthetics. The data used in the empirical analysis were collected in three Swedish cities, Gothenburg, Gävle and Stockholm, in 1991/92, 1993 and 1994/95 respectively. The methodology used is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, that makes it possible to analyse young people's cultural and aesthetic orientations from both the perspective of structure and agency. The analysis of the data from Gothenburg and Gävle confirms Bourdieu's notion of the crucial role played by the educational system in the distribution of symbolic capital, and that there are marked differences between male and female tastes. The analysis of the structural differences in the pupils' taste was complemented by an analysis of the sense for the taste-game of culture based on interviews conducted with young people in Stockholm. In an ideal typical manner the interviewed young perople's orientations towards culture and aesthetics were divided into three categories: one which solely preferred non-consecrated forms of culture, another which mainly preferred popular culture, and yet another, with a relatively strong taste for both consecrated and popular culture. The sense for cultural distinctions in the last group was not merely bound to high culture, but also to popular culture. From this the conclusion is reached that the pure aesthetic gaze is not the only gaze involved in cultural distinction. It is further argued that Bourdieu's theory of symbolic capital, fields and habitus ought to be complemented with an analysis of different kinds of social fields and their power of consecration in the understanding of cultural hierarchies. The sense for the taste-game of culture also played a crucial role in young people's orientations to different styles. The sense for style was in many cases intervened with structural reflexivity and self-reflexivity. Finally, an analysis of the male and female style gaze was extracted from the gender differences found in the empirical material. The male style gaze is mainly turned towards style, whereas the female style gaze is foremost turned towards stylisation. In this way boys are more inclined than girls to position themselves in relation to the symbolic structures of style.
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| 3. |
- Elgebrant, Emil, 1969-
(author)
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Ägande & värde av utsläppsrätter och andra liknande handelsobjekt : en sakrättslig, redovisningsrättslig och skatterättslig studie
- 2012
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The objective of the dissertation is to examine national legal issues arising with the enactment of emissions allowances, electricity certificates and other similar trading objects. Several of the issues identified in this dissertation have their origins in the same problems that arose with the enactment of the legislation regarding promissory notes in the 1910’s and the legislation concerning the digitalization/dematerialization of financial instruments in the 1980’s. Simply stated, the fundamental problem is what has the legislator created? The dissertation’s interdisciplinary character has facilitated an approximation of issues that have arisen, which would not have been possible through studies solely of individual legal areas. This method has proven itself to be particularly relevant as new legal figures are introduced in an existing legal system. A starting point for any study of the trading object is that it is an independent legal object, separate from any authorization to emit, etc. This means that the trading object does not consist of any right to act in a certain manner (emit, etc.). A legal classification of the trading object has shown itself to be difficult to achieve within all of the studied legal areas. The private law conceptual apparatus and its categorizations of property have been debated in this dissertation from different perspectives. How the economic value of the trading object is treated in a legal context has shown itself to be dependent upon which legal context is intended, and how the trading object is classified in this context. The trading object’s private law character and its ability to be owned has certain significance for the accounting, income, and VAT law classifications of the trading object. The legal classification of the trading objects raises, to a great extent, a general and fundamental classification problem
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| 4. |
- Gustafsson, Sofia, 1975-
(author)
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Svenska städer i medeltidens Europa : En komparativ studie av stadsorganisation och politisk kultur
- 2006
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- How did the Swedish towns compare to the surrounding world during the late Middle Ages concerning town organization and political culture? Previous research has claimed a strong German influence on the Swedish town life, but in this dissertation the Europeanization is being put forward as the explanatory factor for the extensive international similarities that can be identified during the Middle Ages. The towns were part of an international town culture that was highly integrated. Differences between towns are foremost analysed as a result of different local conditions such as population size, social structure and relationship to the town lord. Since preserved sources from all towns of medieval Sweden (including Finland) have been examined in a joint study and been placed in a wider context, the dissertation presents renewed and deepened knowledge about the Swedish towns. The study includes Danish, English and German towns and thus compares regions with each other that rarely have been compared before, and thereby presents new perspectives on each respective area. The aspects of the organization that are being systematically compared are the creation of councils, the number of aldermen and mayors, the rotation of offices and functions of the town lords, bailiffs, councils, mayors and chamberlains. Regarding political culture, it is investigated how the councils expressed their group cohesiveness and power in the town and how they defined the border between themselves and the town population. Furthermore, the expectations the town populations placed on the officials and their perception of their own part in the rule of the town is being examined. Finally, the political interaction between council and town population in different towns is compared and analysed.
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| 5. |
- Hofvendahl, Johan, 1970-
(author)
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Riskabla samtal : en analys av potentiella faror i skolans kvarts- och utvecklingssamtal
- 2006
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this thesis, conversation analysis (CA) is applied to study “risk strategies” in parent-teacher-student conferences in the Swedish nine-year compulsory school. The material consists of 80 conferences collected at two different points in time: 45 from the period 1992–93 (at that time called kvartssamtal, lit. “quarter of an hour conference”) and another 35 collected in 2004 (at the present time, and since the latest curriculum from 1994, called utvecklingssamtal, lit. “development conference”). All conferences in the material concern students in the 5th grade, i.e. when students are 11–12 years old.Each year, approximately 2.6 million student conferences in total are held in the Swedish compulsory school and upper-secondary school, involving about 5.5 million participants. Yet, we have virtually no knowledge of what actually happens in these conferences, i.e. how they are conducted. Hence, this study contributes to “filling the gap” and to meeting this want, the how of the student conference as a practical achievement.The aim of the study is to analyze conversational strategies in use to handle “risk”, i.e. a moment whose outcome is uncertain and that could possibly lead to a problem. Here, strategy refers to recurrent line of action and does not necessarily comprise speaker awareness. Strategies are part (and the materialization) of everyday cultural norms, rules of social behavior and habitualized “ways of practice”. They are used “for self”, “for someone else” or “for all” and should be considered in the light of Goffman’s notion of “face-work”, i.e. what the speaker does in order to counteract possibly face-threatening acts. The study is aimed at three particular situations of considerable analytic value: (i) the opening of the conference, (ii) the initiation of talk about trouble (problem), and (iii) the closing of the conference, or more immediately, the possibility for students and parents to raise their own issues.The results show that the conference opening is a coordinated achievement and to a great extent oriented to meet the possibility of the student being nervous. The conference is an “ordinary conference” and the opening questions are “what I ask any student”. When a speaker initiates talk about possible trouble, the pace decreases and utterances very often comprise “perturbations of delivery”, i.e. filled and unfilled pauses, mitigating expressions, abandoned turn beginnings and restarts, “repairs”, etc. These and other circumstances make it possible to forecast the action as (possibly) a trouble-initiating action. At the closing of the conference, students and parents are commonly offered the opportunity to raise their own issues. However, when analyzing the different ways of offering a prolongation of the conference, the study shows that the opportunity is strongly restricted, e.g. due to the design of the question.
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| 6. |
- Jülich, Solveig, 1966-
(author)
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Skuggor av sanning : Tidig svensk radiologi och visuell kultur
- 2002
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The present study deals with the introduction and reception of x-ray images in Sweden around 1900. The general aim is to investigate two cultural contexts of the early x-ray image. It is shown that during the initial years x-ray images were wedded with photographs and film in an expanding mass visual culture. From the outset, x-ray images were also part of a more narrow medical context raising expectations of their usefulness as a diagnostic aid. The study suggests that the tension between these two areas of use - subjective seeing tied to the world of attractions and objective scientific representation - was maintained even after radiology became etablished as a new medical practice.Regarding its theoretical point of departure, this dissertation draws inspiration from the interdisciplinary field of science studies. In particular, the study of the rhetorical role of visual images in science has proven to be a fruitful approach. Here it is used to show that x-ray images were used rhetorically by physicians to persuade their colleagues of the credibility of scientific results. Also, it demonstrates that the relationship between medical science and popular science was more dynamic than has often been asserted. As a complement to science studies this analysis also draws theoretical support from another interdisciplinary field of research; that of visual culture or alternatively visual studies. Researchers in this field study the meaning that seeing and the visual aspects of a broad spectra of phenomena have in our culture. With this outlook amore complex image of the constitution of the new radiological discipline is created where producers and consumers have a more entangled role.
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| 7. |
- Kings, Lisa
(author)
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Till det lokalas försvar : Civilsamhället i den urbana periferin
- 2011
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The current global restructuring processes are usually described in terms of increased integration and, concurrently, greater fragmentation among different regions and scales. How these parallel outcomes are reflected in the civic sphere, largely for those mostly affected, i.e. the urban grassroots, is the focus of this study. The theoretical objective is to develop an alternative way of conceptualizing engagement in the civil sphere in marginalized urban neighborhoods; this is presented in the form of a complementary analytical model named: the three pillars of simultaneousness. The empirical objective is to analyze the organization of civil society in two neighborhoods: Rinkeby and Tensta, both categorized as being on the lowest rung of the urban hierarchy in Stockholm, Sweden. The empirical analysis is based on three types of data: interviews, documentation and participant observation. The analysis reveals that these neighborhoods are well-organized and that it is the small, localized self-help organizations, conceptualized as the organizations of everyday life, which engage the urban grassroots. The configuration of the associations and the close face-to-face interactions, combined with traditional membership, imply that this form of activism cannot be understood without taking into account the specific national historic context. In the Swedish urban periphery, the reinvention of the Swedish social mass movement tradition is central when discussing both the constraints to and opportunities for suburban organizing. The strong movement tradition, together with political and financial incentives, has facilitated the development of a vigorous community life. At the same time, these prerequisites have undermined the political and critical potential of the urban grassroots.
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| 8. |
- Kjellbom, Pia, 1956-
(author)
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Påtvingad avflyttning från bostad : En rättssociologisk studie av socialtjänstens roll i teori och praktik
- 2014
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of the study was to analyse what the law is in social services work with people at risk of a forced move-out from a rented apartment. When processing an application for financial aid when a client is at risk of a forced move-out from a home, a discretionary interpretation of the criteria in the Social Services Act is assumed. The legal norm belt constituting the social services role in theory typically makes up the limits of the discretionary space. However, different workplace norms may also have significant influence on the discretionary space around the provision of assistance. Such standards emerging from expressions in local policies (municipal guidelines) and procedures, and interactions with managers, colleagues and clients, are shaping the role of social services in practice. On top of this, differing standards regarding the role of law may have an impact.Key conclusions of the study are: (1) In the vast majority of landlord applications to the enforcement authorities, financial assistance from the social services had no bearing on the outcome of the case. (2) The rental law sometimes has a decisive influence over what is and can be the law in social services’ work for clients at risk of a forced move-out due to payment difficulties. ((3) There is a relatively high degree of consistency between norms in legal materials and different workplace standards. (4) Most of the standards identified in legal material and in social work practice have been categorized as related to either need or behaviour. Generally, it is concluded that need-related norms sometimes strongly imply protection not only for an existing home, but also for individual housing needs in general. In contrast, behaviour-related norms imply indifference in relation to not only an existing home but sometimes also to the applicant’s housing needs in general. These conditions create tensions in the social services’ decision-making and confusion about the aim of the individual needs assessment.
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| 9. |
- Knutsson, Johan, 1955-
(author)
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Folkliga möbler : tradition och egenart : en stilanalytisk studie av renässans- och barockdrag i den svenska folkliga möbelkonsten
- 2001
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A collection of furniture, most of which was produced before 1770, forms the basis of this description and explanation of the characteristics distinguishing vernacular furniture from bourgeois furniture, and the vernacular furniture in one area from that in another. The vernacular material is used to test the convincing force of the art history terms created to describe the artistic expression of the upper-class culture. The criteria previously used to define the specific characteristics of vernacular furniture is called into question and modulated.The study shows how regional characteristics can be observed as early as in the seventeenth century in many areas, long before what is considered the most prosperous period of vernacular art. It shows how Renaissance features played a crucial part in influencing the inherited characteristics of vernacular furniture right up until the emergence of rococo features in vernacular painting, towards the end of the eighteenth century, and sometimes even longer.The study focuses on the selection of stylistic features as an active choice. The survival of Renaissance features at the expense of baroque features cannot only be attributed to retardataire or 'cultural fixation' as a consequence of economic stagnation and lack of outside influence. The choice of certain stylistic features over others depends on a number of reasons. The pews, pulpits and other features in the parish churches that served as models played a crucial part. Out of all of that, the village joiner would chose the models he considered best suited for domestic furniture, and disregarded the others.
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| 10. |
- Kvarnström, Lars, 1953-
(author)
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Män i staten : stationskarlar och brevbärare i statens tjänst, 1897-1937
- 1998
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The employer, the state, long had the right to unilaterally set wages and determine working conditions. The goverment employees lacked the right to negotiate and sign agreements and to strike. This dissertation focuses on government employees, analyzing their identity and the strategies they chose to deal with their relationship to their employer. The perspective is that of the railway stations staff, postmen and other low-ranking civil servants employed by the Swedish National Railway and the Royal Post Office 1897-1937.The state became bureaucratized during the latter part of the 19th century. Bureaucratization of the goverment´s status as employer was necessary, but at the same time not sufficient to meet the demands of securing operations and of loyal personnel. Therefore bureaucratization was combined with other strategies, especially patriarchalism at the beginning of the 20th century. Through the growth of a discourse concerning "we in the department" strong bonds were created between superiors and subordinates in the department. Later the bureacracy was combined with corporative elements in the employer strategy of the state.For the Railway Workers´Union and the Postal Workers´Union a political strategy became the main and natural choice, considering the employer´s position of superiority. The political role of the employer was a foundation for the state employees´choise of strategy. This political strategy was one of servility and respect at the beginning of the 20th century, but later on borrowed elements of and actual content from trade union and professional strategies. The ideal for a state employee became that of a man with regular post who wore a uniform. There was a close connection between the collective identity of lower civil servants and the identity they were ascribed by their employer. Because of the strenght of the masculine identity this bore the characteristics of brotherhood.
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