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31.
  • Lundberg, Johan, 1966- (författare)
  • Using Spatial Econometrics to Analyze Local Growth in Sweden : Revised and Extended
  • 2003
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This paper investigates factors that determine the average income growth and net migration rates in Swedish municipalities during the period 1981 to 1999. The main issue is to test the hypothesis that, conditional on a set of other possible determinants of regional growth, the growth rate in one municipality is affected by the growth rates in its neighboring municipalities. We also test the hypothesis that initially 'poorer' regions tend to grow faster than initially 'richer' regions conditional on the other explanatory variables in the model. We find a positive correlation between net migration rates in neighbouring municipalities, which suggests that net migration tend to 'spill over' to neighbouring municipalities. When it comes to average income growth, our results indicate spatial dependence in the error terms during the 1980´s. Such dependence is important in the sense that it indicates that shocks into the system not only affect the municipally where the shock has its origin but spread across the country.   In addition, and in contrast to previous empirical findings based on Swedish data, we do not find any clear evidence in favour of the hypothesis of conditional convergence. Instead, our results predict conditional divergence between municipalities located in the Stockholm region throughout the period and also for municipalities outside Stockholm region during 1990´s.
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32.
  • Lundberg, Johan, 1966- (författare)
  • Using Spatial Econometrics to Analyze Local Growth in Sweden
  • 2002
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This paper investigates factors that determine the average income growth and net migration using Swedish data. The main issue is to test the hypothesis that the growth rate in one municipality is affected by the growth rates in its neighboring municipalities. Our results support this hypothesis: we found a positive correlation between the growth rates in neighboring municipalities. In addition, we found a negative correlation between the initial level of average income and the subsequent average income growth, which can be interpreted in terms of conditional convergence. We also found that local government policy variables such as local public investments, expenditures, and income tax rates were important determinants of net migration and average income growth.
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33.
  • Lundberg, Sofia, 1969- (författare)
  • Auction Formats and Award Rules in Swedish Procurement Auctions
  • 2005
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This paper provides an empirical analysis of outcomes from Swedish procurement auctions given award criterion and auction format. The auctions are single unit first-price sealed bid auctions or its simultaneous counterpart, and contracts can be awarded to lowest bidder or in accordance with qualitative criteria. The empirical results provide no evidence of differences in winning bids depending on the auction format. The award rule on the other hand matters, a horizontal comparison show higher winning bids on contracts awarded to some other but the lowest bidder. The effect of bidder interaction and bidder identity is also considered.
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34.
  • Lundberg, Sofia, 1969- (författare)
  • Bidder Behaviour in Swedish Simultaneous Procurement Auctions
  • 2005
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Given no capacity constraints and the same set of competitors one would expect the same identity of the bidder having the lowest cost to complete all contracts simultaneously auctioned. Results based on bid level data from Swedish procurement auctions of internal cleaning service contracts suggests otherwise. The same bidder is found on simultaneous auctioned contracts although this bidder has not submitted the lowest bid on all contracts. A possible explanation is that bidders submit aggressive bids on some contracts in order to be given other contracts with less aggressive bids and thereby maximizing the total profit.
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35.
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36.
  • Lundberg, Sofia, 1969- (författare)
  • Restrictions on Competition in Municipal Competitive Procurement in Sweden
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: International Advances in Economic Research. - Umeå : CERUM, Umeå universitet. - 1083-0898 .- 1573-966X. ; 11:3, s. 329-342
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The bidding process in public procurement in Sweden is a first-price sealed bid auction. Although there is a competitive effect on the bids in this type of auction, the contracting entity can through the choice of procurement procedure, restrict the number of bidders. This paper studies this choice and imposes an implementation cost on the contracting entity to motivate such a restriction. The results, based on data for Swedish municipalities, suggest that contract specifications and municipality characteristics (that are assumed to influence the implementation cost); affect the volume of the procurement and the number of bidders, but not necessarily the choice of procurement procedure.
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37.
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38.
  • Lundholm, Emma, 1975- (författare)
  • Den sociala ekonomin i glesa miljöer : en teoretisk diskussion
  • 2002
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Social economy is a concept that nowadays is often used in discussions about local development. This essay is a theoretical discussion dealing with the definition of the concept of social economy linked to the processes of local mobilisation in sparsely populated areas. The initiative of this essay came from Nätverket för kooperativt och socialt företagande and it is a part of a project to scientifically document the signification of social economy in a region in northern Sweden which is considered as Objective 5b region according to the EU regional policy. Social economy is a part of what is sometimes called the “third sector”, activities that are neither strictly classified as public sector nor private sector. Activities in this sector are always a result of individuals seeking by united effort to supply a common need. This process takes place in a certain location and is dependent on the conditions and people in that place. Therefore it is interesting to evaluate the characteristics of the people and places where the process of local mobilisation has been successful. From the basis of a number of case studies found in literature, my own case study (1999), the experience of people working at Nätverket and scientific theories of various kinds a model has been constructed to describe the variety of processes vital to the process of local mobilisation. A comparison with the product life cycle model describes the development of a local mobilisation process over time. The positive effects of a successful mobilisation is obvious while even small improvements in supply of service or activities in a sparsely populated area can make a big difference for the people who live there. The road to a successful local mobilisation is not without obstacles as it is dependent first and last on the commitment of people. Another important conclusion is that the process of local mobilisation is highly dependent on the local structural conditions and can not be forced by external volition.
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