| 1. |
- Boeva, Veselka, Professor, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of organizational structure through cluster validation analysis of email communications
- 2018
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCE. - : Springer Nature. - 2432-2717 .- 2432-2725. ; 1:2, s. 327-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, we apply cluster validation measures for analyzing email communications at an organizational level of a company. This analysis can be used to evaluate the company structure and to produce further recommendations for structural improvements. Our evaluations, based on data in the forms of email logs and organizational structure for a large European telecommunication company, show that cluster validation techniques can be useful tools for assessing the organizational structure using objective analysis of internal email communications, and for simulating and studying different reorganization scenarios.
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| 2. |
- Buckdahn, Rainer, et al.
(författare)
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MEAN-FIELD BACKWARD STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS : A LIMIT APPROACH
- 2009
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Ingår i: Annals of Probability. - : Institute of Mathematical Statistics. - 0091-1798 .- 2168-894X. ; 37:4, s. 1524-1565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mathematical mean-field approaches play an important role in different fields of Physics and Chemistry, but have found in recent works also their application in Economics, Finance and Game Theory. The objective of our paper is to investigate a special mean-field problem in a purely stochastic approach: for the solution (Y, Z) of a mean-field backward stochastic differential equation driven by a forward stochastic differential of McKean-Vlasov type with solution X we study a special approximation by the solution (X-N, Y-N, Z(N)) of some decoupled forward-backward equation which coefficients are governed by N independent copies of (X-N, Y-N, Z(N)). We show that the convergence speed of this approximation is of order 1/root N. Moreover, our special choice of the approximation allows to characterize the limit behavior of root N(X-N - X, Y-N - Y, Z(N) - Z). We prove that this triplet converges in law to the solution of some forward-backward. stochastic differential equation of mean-field type, which is not only governed by a Brownian motion but also by an independent Gaussian field.
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| 3. |
- Cantù, Claudio, et al.
(författare)
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A cytoplasmic role of Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional cofactors Bcl9, Bcl9l, and Pygopus in tooth enamel formation.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Science Signaling. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1945-0877 .- 1937-9145. ; 10:465
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wnt-stimulated β-catenin transcriptional regulation is necessary for the development of most organs, including teeth. Bcl9 and Bcl9l are tissue-specific transcriptional cofactors that cooperate with β-catenin. In the nucleus, Bcl9 and Bcl9l simultaneously bind β-catenin and the transcriptional activator Pygo2 to promote the transcription of a subset of Wnt target genes. We showed that Bcl9 and Bcl9l function in the cytoplasm during tooth enamel formation in a manner that is independent of Wnt-stimulated β-catenin-dependent transcription. Bcl9, Bcl9l, and Pygo2 localized mainly to the cytoplasm of the epithelial-derived ameloblasts, the cells responsible for enamel production. In ameloblasts, Bcl9 interacted with proteins involved in enamel formation and proteins involved in exocytosis and vesicular trafficking. Conditional deletion of both Bcl9 and Bcl9l or both Pygo1 and Pygo2 in mice produced teeth with defective enamel that was bright white and deficient in iron, which is reminiscent of human tooth enamel pathologies. Overall, our data revealed that these proteins, originally defined through their function as β-catenin transcriptional cofactors, function in odontogenesis through a previously uncharacterized cytoplasmic mechanism, revealing that they have roles beyond that of transcriptional cofactors.
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| 4. |
- Chaillou, Thomas, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of acute and prolonged cooling on skeletal muscle force in young males
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionIn athletes, exposure to cold during winter sports may impair physical performance. Severe muscle cooling appears to reduce maximal force and induces a shift towards a slower contractile profile. However, whether moderate muscle cooling and the duration of cooling affect muscle contractile profile (assessed from electrically evoked torque at low and high frequencies) and maximal voluntary force (isometric and isokinetic contractions) remains to be clarified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of acute and prolonged cooling on electrically evoked torque and maximal voluntary contraction torque in young males. MethodsTwelve active males (27.2 ± 6.6 years old) were recruited for this study, consisting of 2 phases: acute and prolonged exposures. During each phase, participants were randomly exposed to cold water immersion (CWI, 10°C, up to the iliac crest) or passive resting (PR). Exposure to CWI was either continuous during 45min (acute CWI, A-CWI) or intermittent during a period of 300min [prolonged CWI (P-CWI) including immersions between baseline to 45min, 165 to 180min, and 255 to 270min]. Muscle (Tmu, average across 1, 2 and 3cm depth) and rectal (Trec) temperatures were assessed using thermo-sensors. Transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the quadriceps muscle was performed to determine torques at low (20 Hz: P20) and high (100 Hz: P100) frequencies, and P20/P100 ratio was calculated. Maximal voluntary isometric torque of the knee extensors (MVIC), as well as peak isokinetic torques (90°/s) of knee extensors (KE-IsoC) and flexors (KF-isoC) were determined. Neuromuscular tests were performed at baseline (BL) and 60min after BL during acute exposure, and at BL, 60, 90, 150 and 300min after BL during prolonged exposure.ResultsTrec did not change after A-CWI while it was reduced (0.8 ± 0.4°C, p<0.001) after P-CWI compared to BL. Tmu decreased during A-CWI and P-CWI compared to BL (6.1 ± 2.2°C and 4.6 ± 1.1°C, respectively, p<0.001), with larger reduction of Tmu after A-CWI than P-CWI (p<0.05). P20 was not affected by the conditions. P100 was lower after 60min in A-CWI and P-CWI compared to PR (p<0.05). After the last bath (60min in A-CWI and 300min in P-CWI), P100 was nearly significantly higher in A-CWI than P-CWI (p=0.05). P20/P100 was higher after 60min in A-CWI and P-CWI compared to PR (p<0.001), but this ratio was lower in P-CWI than A-CWI after the last bath (p<0.05). MVIC torque remained unchanged during A-CWI and P-CWI, while KE-IsoC and KF-IsoC torques were similarly reduced after A-CWI and P-CWI compared to PR (p<0.05).ConclusionModerate muscle cooling preferentially impairs maximal force production of dynamic contractions, but not isometric contractions, regardless of exposure duration. A shift towards a slower contractile profile (i.e., increased P20/P100) is more evident after A-CWI than P-CWI, which may be partially explained by a larger reduction of Tmu rather than the exposure duration or reduced Trec.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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The relationship between the electrocardiographically estimated infarct size and 1-2 year survival in acute myocardial infarction
- 1985
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Ingår i: Clinical Cardiology. - : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. - 0160-9289 .- 1932-8737. ; 8:3, s. 141-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 587 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and no previous MI, electrocardiographically estimated infarct size was related to 1 - and 2-year mortality. The overall mortality was higher in patients with transmural MI (Q- or R-wave changes in standard ECG) than in patients with subendocardial infarction (ST-T-wave changes in standard ECG) after 1 year (18.8% compared to 6.5% p<0.001) and after 2 years (22.2% compared to 13.8%, p=0.049). When patients who were alive during primary hospitalization were analyzed separately, slightly higher mortality was found in patients with transmural MI than in subendocardial MI after 1 year (9.6% compared to 4.2%, p =0.076) while no difference was found after 2 years (13.4% as compared to 11.7%, p>0.2). In a subgroup of patients with anterior MI, precordial mapping with 24 chest leads was analyzed 4 days after arrival in hospital (n=197). Patients were divided into quartiles according to the sum of R waves, the sum of Q waves, and the number of Q waves. There was a similar overall mortality in each quartile after 1 year and after 2 years regardless of ECG parameters studied. Neither did we find any correlation between the sum of R waves in leads II, III, and a VF on the fourth day in patients with inferior MI and overall 1 - or 2-year mortality rate, although there was a trend towards higher mortality with more ECG changes.
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| 8. |
- Jakobsson, Ulf
(författare)
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Chronic pain among older people
- 2009
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Ingår i: Trends in Nursing Research. - 9781612094267 - 9781604566420 ; , s. 223-236
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Age frequently carries the burden of diseases, many of which in turn are associated with discomfort and various complaints. Chronic pain is such a common complaint and is an important issue in the care of older people, and perhaps the most important problem in their daily lives. It is known to, alone or together with other factors, negatively affect an older person's quality of life. Examples of covariates to chronic pain are functional limitations, fatigue, sleeping problems, and depressed mood/depression. All these factors have been found to be more prevalent among people with chronic pain, but studies about these topics (in relation to pain) in older people are sparce, especially those focusing on fatigue and sleeping problems. Also the need for care and treatment is found to increase with increased degree of pain, especially among those with musculoskeletal pain. Despite this, studies focusing on chronic pain, pain management, and quality of life among older people (especially the oldest and frailest) are limited, and a pharmacological approach to diminishing pain dominates in the literature. A broad view is needed when studying pain as well as when caring for people in pain. This is especially important when the pain cannot be fully removed, and relief from suffering through other factors leading to increased quality of life is a more realistic option.
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| 9. |
- Lagunas-Rangel, Francisco Alejandro, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction between environmental pollutants and cancer drug efficacy : Bisphenol A, Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and Perfluorooctanoic acid reduce vincristine cytotoxicity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Toxicology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0260-437X .- 1099-1263. ; 43:3, s. 458-469
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Every day, we are exposed to many environmental pollutants that can enter our body through different routes and cause adverse effects on our health. Epidemiological studies suggest that these pollutants are responsible for approximately nine million deaths per year. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) represents one of the major cancers affecting children, and although substantial progress has been made in its treatment, relapses are frequent after initial treatment and are now one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in pediatric patients. Currently, relatively little attention is paid to pollutant exposure during drug treatment and this is not taken into account for dose setting or regulatory purposes. In this work, we investigated how bisphenol A (BPA), its derivative bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) alter vincristine treatment in ALL when administered before or together with the drug. We found that these three pollutants at nanomolar concentrations, lower than those established by current regulations, can reduce the cytotoxic effects of vincristine on ALL cells. Interestingly, we found that this is only achieved when exposure to pollutants occurs prior to administration of the chemotherapeutic drug. Moreover, we found that this effect could be mediated by activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and stabilization of microtubules. This work strengthens the idea of starting to take into account exposure to pollutants to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy treatments.
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| 10. |
- Manhem, Karin, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of chronic hormone replacement therapy on left ventricular mass and serum-ACE activity.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Blood pressure. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-1999 .- 0803-7051. ; 19:5, s. 295-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: The aim of this investigation was to study the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on left ventricular mass (LVM) and serum-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity (S-ACE) in well controlled hypertensive postmenopausal women. METHODS: In this prospective, randomized, crossover, double-blind trial we studied 20 well controlled hypertensive postmenopausal women who received 6 months of HRT and 6 months of placebo on top of antihypertensive treatment. Two-dimensional M-mode, office blood pressure, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (ABPM), S-estradiol and S-ACE activity were investigated at baseline, after 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: LVM was significantly influenced by HRT (analysis of variance, ANOVA, p<0.01). However, the order in randomization of HRT and placebo had an impact on the analysis of LVM reduction (baseline - HRT - placebo: ns; baseline - placebo - HRT: p<0.01 ANOVA). Only the women lacking blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) as antihypertensive treatment (n=10) experienced a reduction in LVM and a tendency of decreased S-ACE activity in response to HRT compared with baseline (p< 0.05 and p= 0.06 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Six months of HRT resulted in significant reduction of LVM without any change in ABPM. HRT may reduce LVM through interaction with the RAAS, since hypertensive women without RAAS blockade exhibited an effect of HRT on LVM and S-ACE activity, which was not seen in women on RAAS blockade.
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