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Träfflista för sökning "AMNE:(SOCIAL SCIENCES Business and economics) ;lar1:(cth)"

Sökning: AMNE:(SOCIAL SCIENCES Business and economics) > Chalmers tekniska högskola

  • Resultat 41-50 av 2709
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41.
  • Rex, Emma, 1978, et al. (författare)
  • Energy efficiency along the value chain – ways of working for increased competitiveness
  • 2015
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This report presents a project with the aim to develop methods for large companies on how to work with energy efficiency that stretches along the value chain. By studying organizational conditions and physical effects on energy and climate for six cases in three companies, recommendations are given to businesses and governments on how to work for increased life cycle energy efficiency.The results point to a range of organizational and economic challenges, but also to enablers. Four strategies for progress were identified: A) Find and share the life cycle benefits, B) Enable and encourage understanding and action, C) Get focus and priorities in line, and D) Seek or create a way forward. The study points to the need to be strategic, and to translate this strategy into priorities and operational work. Yet, it must be recognized that life cycle thinking is not the work by one company and there is a call for cross-actor arenas to discuss and develop governance of value chains beyond the act of single companies.
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42.
  • Rex, Emma, 1978, et al. (författare)
  • Organizational challenges and solutions for practical implementation of life cycle improvements.
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Life Cycle Management LCM conference 2015.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Life cycle management is still not fully integrated as a deliberate part of most companies’ product and business strategy operations. Seemingly promising solutions never reach implementation, or potential options are not explored. Many possible reasons for this can be found in the literature. Barriers could stem from gaps in knowledge, data, and tools for identifying and evaluating alternatives, but may also (and possibly to a greater extent) relate to established mindsets, organizational structures and internal and external incentives along the value chain. Implementation of life cycle thinking may challenge existing norms e.g. regarding distribution of values and risks in the life cycle, or conceptions of what technical system to be optimized. Formal and informal management procedures may also act as barriers, such as responsibility-schemes for environmental, energy-related and economic results.While technical solutions for LCM can be found in LCA literature and managerial solutions in the management literature, this study add further insights on organizational challenges and possibilities based on organizational practices having life cycle implications. It explores promising solutions and potential options for mainstreaming life cycle improvements based on observed practices in large production companies.Data is collected through a number of historic and ongoing examples of product and process changes associated with environmental implications in a life cycle perspective. Examples include both deliberate actions of life cycle management and actions with life cycle implications originally based on other rationales. The study focuses large multinational corporations in a range of sectors such as energy, estate, automotive, chemicals and consumer goods. All studied companies have own in-house competence in life cycle thinking. Data and experiences are collected through interviews and workshops with representatives from both the life cycle metric departments and other corporate functions such as sales and marketing, product development etc.Enablers and barriers for mainstreaming life cycle management are described and categorized based on the nature and effects of observed practices. Ways to enhance promising solutions, and overcome identified barriers, are also further analyzed. It leads to a discussion about actual and perceived responsibilities for furthering life cycle improvements, among actors both internal and external to the organization.
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43.
  • Kohn Rådberg, Kamilla, 1967, et al. (författare)
  • Developing a knowledge ecosystem for large-scale research infrastructure: Important challenges for MAX IV and European Spallation Source
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Technology Transfer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0892-9912 .- 1573-7047. ; 48:441, s. 467-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Large-scale research infrastructures (RIs), such as MAX IV and European Spallation Source (ESS) in Lund, Sweden, are considered critical for advancing science and addressing social challenges. These research facilities are central to research, innovation, and education; they play a key role in promoting and disseminating knowledge and technology. In this study, we develop a conceptual framework of a knowledge ecosystem for large-scale RIs. The study is explorative, with data obtained from 13 interviews with key informants from different stakeholders in academia, industry, and policy. More data were obtained from reports from national agencies that develop and operate research facilities and from industrial and regional governmental reports, internal reports, newsletters, and information from the facilities’ websites. We find that academia, industry, and policy, together with four themes, have an effect on the value proposition of these facilities, on geographical distances (nodes), catalysts, platforms, and hubs. Therefore, they will affect the structure and design of a knowledge ecosystem. Our framework explains knowledge ecosystem structure and design.
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44.
  • Bröchner, Jan, 1948 (författare)
  • Construction economics and economics journals
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Construction Management and Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1466-433X .- 0144-6193. ; 36:3, s. 175-180
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • It has been asked whether construction economics has achieved the position of an academic (sub-)discipline. The main question addressed here is if there are signs of a widening gap between construction economics and mainstream economics. Full text searches in three top economics journals and in Construction Management and Economics have been performed, as well as an analysis of how a broader range of economics journals have combined the construction industry topic with other topics. Results include that authors in the three top economics journals never cite articles in Construction Management and Economics, although citations in the opposite direction are frequent. Economics journals in general are found to combine the Journal of Economic Literature L74 code (Construction) mostly with codes from financial economics, macroeconomics and economic development. For 2013-2016, the strongest new combinations with construction are with Firm Behavior – Empirical Analysis, Accounting and Climate – Natural Disasters and their Management. Finally, the importance for construction economists of access to big data is emphasized.
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45.
  • Agrell, Erik, 1965 (författare)
  • Kryptovalutor – energiförbrukning och miljöeffekter
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: En samhällsvetenskaplig introduktion till bitcoin och kryptovalutor.
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Detta kapitel fokuserar på bitcoins elförbrukning och även, i ett bredare perspektiv, annan miljöpåverkan. Efter en kort inledning i avsnitt 4.1 redovisas i avsnitt 4.2 några försök att uppskatta hur stor elförbrukningen egentligen är, och vilka källor till osäkerhet som finns i sådana uppskattningar. Motsvarande uppskattning av klimatskadliga utsläpp redovisas i avsnitt 4.3. Siffrorna sätts i perspektiv med några jämförelser i avsnitt 4.4. Utvecklingen över tid illustreras i avsnitt 4.5 och därmed kopplingen till bitcoinpriset. Miljöfrågan breddas till ett livscykelperspektiv i avsnitt 4.6, där produktion och skrotning av den specialtillverkade elektronik som används i bitcoinfabrikerna diskuteras. I avsnitt 4.7 ställs sedan den naturliga frågan: Vad finns det för alternativ? Kapitlet avslutas med några övergripande reflektioner i avsnitt 4.8.
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46.
  • McKelvey, Maureen, 1965, et al. (författare)
  • Innovation Cascades and the Emergence of the Bio-economy
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), 2015 Portland International Conference on. - 2159-5100. - 9781890843328 ; 2015:15R0488, s. 545 - 550
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper argues that innovation has evolved, from the slow, path dependent, and foreseeable world of technological trajectories, to the less predictable world of innovation cascades, after incorporating the analysis of radical innovation in the last three decades. Innovation cascades are long series of radical innovations in one particular technological domain. Two types of innovation cascades are distinguished in the paper: those emerging before the Industrial Revolution and the modern high-tech ones. The previous innovation cascades usually petered out fairly soon by lack of institutional support, as the inventor and innovator was an individual or a company trying out its luck through serendipity in a less than friendly environment. Present day innovation cascades benefit from innovating firms, research universities and government laboratories, science, technology and innovation policies, an increasing number of countries investing in R&D and innovation, as well as reduced costs of access to information, communication and transportation. Thus present day innovation cascades tend to be more extended through time and space. Their systemic effects are probably more widely diffused in global terms. The research paper will include data and a theoretical discussion on the emergence of a bio-economy in OECD countries.
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47.
  • Viktorelius, Martin, 1987 (författare)
  • Saving energy at sea: seafarers’ adoption, appropriation and enactment of technologies supporting energy efficiency
  • 2020
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The shipping industry is currently facing a major challenge related to environmental sustainability and energy efficiency. New regulations and ambitious international goals that aim at mitigating carbon-based emissions with 50 %, demands on profitability, along with a growing awareness about the climate change, has prompted the maritime sector to increasingly focus on how to improve energy efficiency and reduce fuel consumption in ship operations. This thesis aims at describing and understanding the challenges of improving energy efficiency seen from the lens of crew members’ work and to investigate the adoption, appropriation and use of particular technologies, purported to support energy efficiency in ship operation. Using an ethnographic approach and drawing on various practice-based concepts and theories such as communities of practice, activity theory and the imbrication of material and social agency, the four papers (I – IV) included in the thesis were based on extensive field studies in two shipping companies and onboard 11 passenger ferries. The empirical studies revealed that the introduction of new technologies and their subsequent incorporation in and change of established skills and practices is a complex social process depending on the knowing and learning of practitioners as well as their activities, meanings, identities and norms as developed and negotiated in specific settings over time. The thesis contributes to our general understanding of the situated process of adoption, appropriation and use of new technologies in the maritime domain and the sociomaterial nature of energy efficiency.
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48.
  • Dang, Rani J., 1981, et al. (författare)
  • Knowledge management processes and the formation of entrepreneurial opportunities
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Journal of Innovation Economics & Management. - : CAIRN. - 2032-5355. ; 1:19, s. 31-59
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Entrepreneurial activities are intricately linked to the discovery or creation of opportunities, in the innovation context. Many researches focus on the debate over the nature of opportunities (discovered or created) and more recently on the processes that form entrepreneurial opportunities. However little research investigates the innovation context as one of the attributes that would explain the type and the way opportunities are formed. As the success of entrepreneurial activities also depends on larger socio-cultural contexts, our particular interest in this paper is to explore the influence of specific localised innovation contexts on the opportunity formation process. We look at how an innovation context can become or fail to become an ecosystem forming or enhancing the opportunities (i.e. by providing the relevant technical and market knowledge), resulting in entrepreneurial activities. The study of two specific cases in this paper found two patterns of entrepreneurial process, as the result of two different contexts in which opportunities are in one case discovered or created in the other case.
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49.
  • McKelvey, Maureen, 1965, et al. (författare)
  • Can public policy regenerate a traditional industry through collaborative research? The case of the Swedish food industry
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: DRUID Society conference 2014, CBS, Copenhagen, June 16-18. ; 2014:1872
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper studies the regeneration of a traditional industry through the intersection of business innovation, public policy and the development of capabilities in firms. Our theoretical contribution is to propose that and conceptualize how public policy can indirectly boost the competitive advantage of a traditional industry by stimulating the development of firm capabilities to innovate through supporting collaborative research between universities and industry. To illustrate this proposition, we present an exploratory case study of a specific public policy initiative for collaborative research and structural change in the food industry in Sweden, from the mid-1990s to mid-2000s. The findings from this case study suggest that such public policy initiatives over time can and do develop firm capabilities to innovate in a traditional industry such as the food industry.
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50.
  • Wehner, Jessica, 1987 (författare)
  • Energy Efficiency in Logistics: An Interactive Approach to Capacity Utilisation
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 10:6, s. 1727-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Logistics operations are energy-consuming and impact the environment negatively. Improving energy efficiency in logistics is crucial for environmental sustainability and can be achieved by increasing the utilisation of capacity. This paper takes an interactive approach to capacity utilisation, to contribute to sustainable freight transport and logistics, by identifying its causes and mitigations. From literature, a conceptual framework was developed to highlight different system levels in the logistics system, in which the energy efficiency improvement potential can be found and that are summarised in the categories activities, actors, and areas. Through semi-structured interviews with representatives of nine companies, empirical data was collected to validate the framework of the causes of the unutilised capacity and proposed mitigations. The results suggest that activities, such as inflexibilities and limited information sharing as well as actors’ over-delivery of logistics services, incorrect price setting, and sales campaigns can cause unutilised capacity, and that problem areas include i.a. poor integration of reversed logistics and the last mile. The paper contributes by categorising causes of unutilised capacity and linking them to mitigations in a framework, providing a critical view towards fill rates, highlighting the need for a standardised approach to measure environmental impact that enables comparison between companies and underlining that costs are not an appropriate indicator for measuring environmental impact.
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