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Sökning: AMNE:(SOCIAL SCIENCES Business and economics) > Chalmers tekniska högskola

  • Resultat 51-60 av 2708
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51.
  • Sigurðardóttir, Sigríður, et al. (författare)
  • Assessing the Impact of Policy Changes in the Icelandic Cod Fishery Using a Hybrid Simulation Model
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: The Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X .- 2356-6140. ; 2014, s. Art. no. 707943-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Most of the Icelandic cod is caught in bottom trawlers or longliners. These two fishing methods are fundamentally different and have different economic, environmental, and even social effects. In this paper we present a hybrid-simulation framework to assess the impact of changing the ratio between cod quota allocated to vessels with longlines and vessels with bottom trawls. It makes use of conventional bioeconomic models and discrete event modelling and provides a framework for simulating life cycle assessment (LCA) for a cod fishery. The model consists of two submodels, a system dynamics model describing the biological aspect of the fishery and a discrete event model for fishing activities. The model was run multiple times for different quota allocation scenarios and results are presented where different scenarios are presented in the three dimensions of sustainability: environmental, social, and economic. The optimal allocation strategy depends on weighing the three different factors. The results were encouraging first-steps towards a useful modelling method but the study would benefit greatly from better data on fishing activities.
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52.
  • André, Hampus, 1989 (författare)
  • Assessing Mineral Resource Scarcity in a Circular Economy Context
  • 2020
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Due to humanity’s dependence on metal resources there are growing concerns regarding impacts related to their potential scarcity, both for current and future generations. The vision of a more circular economy suggests that extending the functional use of metals through measures aiming for resource-efficiency (RE) such as increasing technical lifetime, repairing and recycling could reduce mineral resource scarcity. However, evidence of this is limited. In addition, there is limited understanding regarding on what principles metals can be prioritized when assessing mineral resource scarcity. The aim of this thesis is to provide knowledge on mineral resource scarcity impacts of RE measures applied to metal-diverse products and on which conditions they depend. This is achieved by: 1) studying RE measures from a life cycle perspective; 2) comparing principles of prioritization between metals on which mineral resource scarcity impacts are assessed and 3) analysing how such principles (of prioritization) can affect conclusions regarding RE measures applied to metal-diverse products. The research is conducted through case studies, syntheses of literature and method development within the methodologies of life cycle assessment, material flow analysis and criticality assessment.   Results indicate that effects of RE measures depend on a number of product characteristics and real-world conditions. RE measures can both increase and decrease mineral resource scarcity impacts compared to business as usual and effects vary greatly between metals. RE measures based on use extension e.g. reuse of laptops, repair of smartphones, and increasing technical lifetimes of LED lighting, have been indicated to reduce impacts through two principal features: use extension, and, increased functional recycling. However, there are risks of increasing mineral resource scarcity impacts if RE measures require additional metal use, product use extensions are short and if functional recycling is lacking. For example, repair of smartphones risks to increase the use of metals in commonly replaced components such as screens. Because of the varying effects on different metals, implementation of RE measures requires prioritizing some metals over others. The principles of prioritization give diverging results, and, are sometimes unclear and methodologically inconsistent. The thesis clarifies how they relate to concepts such as depletion, criticality, rarity and scarcity. Further it suggests that, although mineral resources are fundamentally stock resources, they can pose stock, fund and flow problems. Distinguishing between these different problems in distinct methodologies is conducive to purposive and complementary assessment by resolving methodological inconsistencies and providing accurate terminology. In the long term, scarcity is most purposively addressed by focusing on depletion of ecospheric stocks. Accordingly, the Crustal Scarcity Indicator is proposed to assess potential long term scarcity in life cycle assessment, alongside other environmental impacts. In the near term, potential scarcity for nations, industries and companies, as commonly assessed in criticality assessment, is most purposively addressed by focusing on technospheric circumstances, such as geopolitics, which can disrupt technospheric resource flows. In medium term, secondary resources in technospheric funds could be relevant, especially, with the advent of a more circular economy. Altogether, it is recommended that implementation of RE measures to metal-diverse products are based on analysis of product characteristics and real-world conditions and that effects of RE measures are assessed by methodologies which distinguish between mineral resource flows, funds and stocks so that well-informed prioritizations between metals can be made.
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53.
  • af Hällström, Anna, 1987 (författare)
  • If you want to go far, go with others – How using a collaborative project delivery model affects the project network in infrastructure construction projects
  • 2021
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The growth of projects has elicited much interest in the last decades, both in academia and amongst practitioners. The increase in scale and complexity has further brought attention to the particulars of interorganisational collaboration: as projects grow, the relevance and impact of interdependencies between participating organisations rise to the surface. No organisation is an island and so a project becomes an archipelago of interconnected networks. Current literature on interorganisational collaboration focuses on contract and procurement, both important aspects of project management. There is, however, less research pertaining to project realisation and how these changes in interorganisational collaboration shape the project process. A field where this change has been especially noticeable is the infrastructure construction industry, where collaborative project management models have been introduced to reduce adversity and improve project outcomes. These new models necessitate a study of changes these new models bring with them to the conventional ways of work within the field, as they call for new processes and roles in the projects, thus changing how the actors engage with the project network. As such models are based on collaboration, the role of social ties within the project become an especially interesting question. In this work, I expand on the theory pertaining to project networks in the empirical setting of infrastructure projects applying a collaborative project management model, with the aim of examining and gaining a deeper understanding of the collaboration between interorganisational project actors in a collaborative project delivery model. The methods used in this thesis are based in the qualitative research tradition and emphasise interviewing and observation. During this work, 44 interviews were completed in a pre-study and two case projects and observation of both project’s shared office space was carried out. I also analysed project documents and analysed the social network between respondents in the case projects. My results show the importance of social relations as enablers of the realisation of expected benefits of collaborative models. They moreover illustrate the changes necessary for the models to be effective, as well as study how the use of such project models affect the actors’ engagement in the project network.
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54.
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55.
  • Lacanna, Giuseppe, 1983, et al. (författare)
  • The Reality of BIM Implementation in European Design Practice
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Civil-Comp Proceedings. - Stirlingshire, UK : Civil-Comp Press. - 1759-3433. ; 108
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Engaging in the BIM experience as a whole is much harder than is usually believed. Adopting a BIM approach, encompasses a change of management policy within the structure of the practices involved in the process. Having a clear organisational structure supports the efficiency of the communication. It affects its success. Very little research has been conducted on effective BIM implementation. This paper established the nature of BIM implementation. Eleven crucial issues worldwide provide the basis for the statistically controlled survey conducted across some of the biggest North-western European architectural practices, known to be BIM advocates and operating in the healthcare industry. The level of BIM implementation, based on eleven independent variables and their single implementation, proves to be below the level stated by the companies observed. The acronym BIM should not be synonymous with marketing campaigns. The outcomes of the study, presented in this paper, provide an opportunity to critically reflect on the requirements needed to reach an efficient level of implementation of the BIM platform in architectural practices. A clear organisational structure of the design team with a BIM manager that only acts as a coordinator among the overall design team, as well as the different external stakeholders involved in the BIM platform is highly recommended.
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56.
  • Almotairi, Badi, 1970, et al. (författare)
  • MANAGING SUPPLY CHAIN INTERFACES A framework towards an integrated logistics platform
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of Nofoma conference, 2011, Harstad, Norway.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose of this paper -The purpose of this paper is to explore current interfaces between major member-firms in port organisations and to develop a framework to integrate these member-firms through better management of interfaces.Design/methodology/approach -To prepare this paper, a structured literature review was conducted together with multi-case studies. To analyse the data, a theoretical interface model was used as a basis to define and describe different natures of interfaces. This enabled the development of a framework towards an integrated logistics platform.Findings -The research shows that successful companies will be those that are able to manage supply chain interfaces efficiently. These interfaces revealed by the study are: media, transfer, data and information, control and communication, and user interfaces. The framework demonstrates these types of interfaces and helps facilitate better integration between ports’ member-firms in supply chains.Practical implications (if applicable) - The paper provides a framework for understanding current interfaces between major member-firms in port organisations and may be a useful insight for firms wishing to enhance supply chain integration.What is original/value of paper -The idea behind the study is to contribute to a better understanding of integration issues within the maritime supply chain through a structured literature review and multi-case studies that lead to better management of supply chain interfaces.
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57.
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58.
  • Holgersson, Marcus, 1983, et al. (författare)
  • The evolution of intellectual property strategy in innovation ecosystems: Uncovering complementary and substitute appropriability regimes
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Long range planning. - : Elsevier BV. - 0024-6301 .- 1873-1872. ; 51:2, s. 303-319
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this article, we attempt to extend and nuance the debate on intellectual property (IP) strategy, appropriation, and open innovation in dynamic and systemic innovation contexts. We present the case of four generations of mobile telecommunications systems (covering the period 1980-2015), and describe and analyze the co-evolution of strategic IP management and innovation ecosystems. Throughout this development, technologies and technological relationships were governed with different and shifting degrees of formality. Simultaneously, firms differentiated technology accessibility across actors and technologies to benefit from openness and appropriation of innovation. Our analysis shows that the discussion of competitiveness and appropriability needs to be expanded from the focal appropriability regime and complementary assets to the larger context of the innovation ecosystem and its cooperative and competitive actor relations, with dispersed complementary and substitute assets and technologies. Consequently, the shaping of complementary and substitute appropriability regimes is central when strategizing in dynamic and systemic innovation contexts. This holds important implications for the management of open innovation, innovation ecosystems, platforms, and coopetition.
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59.
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60.
  • Andersson, Claes, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • A complex networks approach to urban growth.
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Environment and Planning A. - : SAGE Publications. - 1472-3409 .- 0308-518X. ; 38, s. 1941-1964
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Economic geography can be viewed as a large and growing network of interacting activities. This fundamental network structure and the large size of such systems makes the complex network approach an attractive model for growth dynamics modeling. In this paper the authors propose the use of complex networks for geographical modeling and demonstrate how such an application can be combined with a cellular model to produce output that is consistent with large-scale regularities such as power laws and fractality. Complex networks can provide a stringent framework for growth dynamic modeling where concepts from, for example, spatial interaction models and multiplicative growth models, can be combined with the flexible representation of land and behaviour found in cellular automata and agent-based models. In addition, there exists a large body of theory for the analysis of complex networks that have direct applications in urban geographic problems. The intended use of such models is twofold: (1) to address the problem of how the empirically observed hierarchical structure of settlements can be explained as a stationary property of a stochastic evolutionary process rather than as equilibrium points in a dynamic process, and, (2) to improve the predictive quality of applied urban modeling.
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