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- Gerlee, Philip, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Vetenskapliga modeller
- 2012
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vad har en zebrafisk, ett fartygsskrov i miniatyr, en matematisk ekvation och en näringskedja gemensamt? De är alla exempel på vetenskapliga modeller som används inom dagens forskning för att beskriva vår omvärld och gör det möjligt för forskare att isolera och i detalj studera ett visst fenomen.Boken inleds med att introducera begreppet på ett intuitivt plan, genom att dra paralleller till mentala modeller och konstnärliga representationer, och fortsätter med en historisk tillbakablick som sträcker sig från 1600-talet till nutid. Vi diskuterar också den iterativa konstruktionsprocessen och balansen mellan enkelhet och komplexitet som den innebär, vilket i sin tur är kopplat till avvägningen mellan en förklarande modell och en förutsägande. För att belysa skillnader mellan olika synsätt på modeller presenteras också en intervjustudie där forskare från tio stycken forskningsfält beskriver sin relation till modeller. Avslutningsvis innehåller boken ett kapitel där typiska modeller från flera discipliner beskrivs i detalj.Syftet med denna bok är att ge en övergripande introduktion till vetenskapliga modeller och visa hur modeller är uppbyggda samt hur de används inom vetenskapligt arbete. Vi hoppas också att den kan tjäna som inspiration till nya modeller och även underlätta det interdisciplinära samtalet.Boken vänder sig i första hand till studenter på landets ingenjörs- och naturvetarprogram samt till studenter på lärarhögskolorna, men även till dig som har ett vetenskapligt intresse och vill få en översikt av modellering i stort och olika modelleringstraditioner i synnerhet.
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3. |
- Ljungberg, Daniel, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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What characterizes firms' academic patents? Academic involvement in industrial invention in Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 19:7, s. 585-606
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the characteristics and impact of academic involvement in industrial invention processes, by comparing firms' academic patents and their non-academic patents. In contrast to previous research that studies university-owned patents, this paper analyzes firm-owned patents. These provide insight into the characteristics and relative importance of inventions resulting from university-industry collaboration. The empirical analysis in this paper is based on a database of Swedish academic patents. Our results indicate that academic involvement mainly takes place in inventions highly related to firms' technology base. The findings moreover show that firms' academic patents, as compared to their non-academic patents, have lower importance in firms' core technological fields but higher importance in marginal fields. The paper also provides an interpretation of these results, suggesting that firms involve academics for problem-solving activities in their core technological fields.
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- Bryngelsson, David, 1981
(författare)
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On Food Price Implications from Expanded Bioenergy Production
- 2012
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bioenergy has been put forward as a solution to energy security and at the same time to climate change. It is, however, dependent on productive agricultural land, which is a limited resource. Introduction of bioenergy on a large scale will thus compete with food production and natural forests for productive land, a competition expected to affect food prices.In this thesis I focus on poverty nourishment issues related to changing food prices and on the mechanisms of land-use competition and how they affect food prices. In the first paper we use two established indicators for poverty and sensitivity to food-price changes, to capture peoples' vulnerability to rising food-prices, in four Sub-Sahara African countries/regions. In contrast to previous studies, we include all food products instead of just one or a few main staples. We found that the vast majority of people are net consumers of food and that the inclusion of more than main staples increases their net position as consumers and thus vulnerability to high food prices. In paper two and three a conceptual and transparent partial equilibrium model of global land-use competition is developed, analyzed and applied. The model is to a large degree analytically explored and price differentials between crops are derived. The model is subjected to a detailed characterization of its mechanisms and parameters in which parameters that are critical to results and conclusions from the model are detected and their impacts depicted. We conclude that the total amount of productive agricultural area is of crucial importance to the price impacts from large-scale introduction of bioenergy. Yields of bioenergy crops are also important since they determine the amount of land required to produce the bioenergy.
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5. |
- Wirsenius, Stefan, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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How much land is needed for global food production under scenarios of dietary changes and livestock productivity increases in 2030?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Agricultural Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2267 .- 0308-521X. ; 103:9, s. 621-638
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growing global population figures and per-capita incomes imply an increase in food demand and pressure to expand agricultural land. Agricultural expansion into natural ecosystems affects biodiversity and leads to substantial carbon dioxide emissions.Considerable attention has been paid to prospects for increasing food availability, and limiting agricultural expansion, through higher yields on cropland. In contrast, prospects for efficiency improvements in the entire food-chain and dietary changes toward less land-demanding food have not been explored as extensively. In this study, we present model-based scenarios of global agricultural land use in 2030, as a basis for investigating the potential for land-minimized growth of world food supply through: (i) faster growth in feed-to-food efficiency in animal food production; (ii) decreased food wastage; and (iii) dietary changes in favor of vegetable food and less land-demanding meat. The scenarios are based in part on projections of global food agriculture for 2030 by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO. The scenario calculations were carried out by means of a physical model of the global food and agriculture system that calculates the land area and crops/pasture production necessary to provide for a given level of food consumption.In the reference scenario - developed to represent the FAO projections - global agricultural area expands from the current 5.1. billion ha to 5.4. billion. ha in 2030. In the faster-yet-feasible livestock productivity growth scenario, global agricultural land use decreases to 4.8. billion. ha. In a third scenario, combining the higher productivity growth with a substitution of pork and/or poultry for 20% of ruminant meat, land use drops further, to 4.4. billion. ha. In a fourth scenario, applied mainly to high-income regions, that assumes a minor transition towards vegetarian food (25% decrease in meat consumption) and a somewhat lower food wastage rate, land use in these regions decreases further, by about 15%. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
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- Almotairi, Badi, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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MANAGING SUPPLY CHAIN INTERFACES A framework towards an integrated logistics platform
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Nofoma conference, 2011, Harstad, Norway.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose of this paper -The purpose of this paper is to explore current interfaces between major member-firms in port organisations and to develop a framework to integrate these member-firms through better management of interfaces.Design/methodology/approach -To prepare this paper, a structured literature review was conducted together with multi-case studies. To analyse the data, a theoretical interface model was used as a basis to define and describe different natures of interfaces. This enabled the development of a framework towards an integrated logistics platform.Findings -The research shows that successful companies will be those that are able to manage supply chain interfaces efficiently. These interfaces revealed by the study are: media, transfer, data and information, control and communication, and user interfaces. The framework demonstrates these types of interfaces and helps facilitate better integration between ports’ member-firms in supply chains.Practical implications (if applicable) - The paper provides a framework for understanding current interfaces between major member-firms in port organisations and may be a useful insight for firms wishing to enhance supply chain integration.What is original/value of paper -The idea behind the study is to contribute to a better understanding of integration issues within the maritime supply chain through a structured literature review and multi-case studies that lead to better management of supply chain interfaces.
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- Srinuan, Pratompong, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Time for multiplay? An analysis of bundling services in the Swedish telecommunications markets
- 2011
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Ingår i: 10th Conference of Telecommunication, Media and Internet Techno-Economics, CTTE 2011.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides an analysis explaining the factors that determine the consumer's decision on bundling service in the Swedish telecommunications market. A multinomial model is employed to examine empirically whether the discount, service provider and socio-economic factors can explain the consumer's decision. The data from a national survey in 2009 commissioned by Post- och Telestyrelsen (PTS), the Swedish telecommunications regulator, are used for the analysis. Based on the findings, the discount, service provider and level of income have a potential impact on the decision to buy bundling services. Every service provider has a different strength in bundling services that depends on its core business. Telia would be better off offering triple-play while others may need to focus on doubleplay.
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- Lindén, Hanna, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Organizing sustainable product chains: LCM in practice
- 2013
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Ingår i: Presented at the 6th International Conference on Life Cycle Management (LCM) in Gothenburg, Sweden, August 25-28, 2013.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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10. |
- Ljungberg, Daniel, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Academic Inventors, Technological Profiles and Patent Value: An Analysis of Academic Patents owned by Swedish-based firms
- 2013
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 20:5, s. 437-487
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyzes the relationship between academic inventors and firms, focusing on the relation between academic inventors, the technological profiles of firms and patent value. In particular, this paper focuses on the value of academic patents as compared to non-academic patents, owned by large firms based in Sweden. One finding is that academic patents have a short-term disadvantage, which disappears in the long-term. Our results also indicate that controlling for whether the patent belongs to a core or non-core technology relative to the firm’s technological profile neutralizes the premium of non-academic patents. In other words, patents belonging to firms’ core technologies have significantly higher value, regardless of whether they are academic or non-academic patents. The above results indicate that the technological profile of firms is an important characteristic to analyze, when examining the value of academic patents and the specific role that academics play in industrial invention.
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