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| 2. |
- Ziaei, Shirin, et al.
(författare)
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Women´s autonomy and social support and their associations with infant and young child feeding and nutritional status : community-based survey in rural Nicaragua
- 2015
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 18:11, s. 1979-1990
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveTo evaluate the associations of women’s autonomy and social support with infant and young child feeding practices (including consumption of highly processed snacks and sugar-sweetened beverages) and nutritional status in rural Nicaragua.DesignCross-sectional study. Feeding practices and children’s nutritional status were evaluated according to the WHO guidelines complemented with information on highly processed snacks and sugar-sweetened beverages. Women’s autonomy was assessed by a seventeen-item questionnaire covering dimensions of financial independence, household-, child-, reproductive and health-related decision making and freedom of movement. Women’s social support was determined using the Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire. The scores attained were categorized into tertiles.SettingLos Cuatro Santos area, rural Nicaragua.Subjects A total of 1371 children 0–35 months of age.ResultsChildren of women with the lowest autonomy were more likely to be exclusively breast-fed and continue to be breast-fed, while children of women with middle level of autonomy had better complementary feeding practices. Children of women with the lowest social support were more likely to consume highly processed snacks and/or sugar-sweetened beverages but also be taller.ConclusionsWhile lower levels of autonomy and social support were independently associated with some favourable feeding and nutrition outcomes, this may not indicate a causal relationship but rather that these factors reflect other matters of importance for child care.
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| 4. |
- Segnestam, Lisa
(författare)
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Interactions in Hazard Management Policies : the Case of Drought in Nicaragua, 1976-2010
- 2015
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Ingår i: Disasters. The Journal of Disaster Studies, Policy and Management. - : Wiley. - 0361-3666 .- 1467-7717. ; 39:4, s. 715-737
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The literature on adaptive and multi-level governance calls for interactive hazard management to increase societies’ resilience. This paper maps the hazard management policies in a poor and hazard-prone country—Nicaragua—and examines what role the government gives to interactions among different actors at different societal levels. A new analytical framework is developed that includes scope and direction to capture unidirectional or mutual interactions that are either horizontal or vertical. This enables a more complex analysis of interactions than that found in previous research. The review shows that the historical change in the role given to interactions, as a result of a focus on short-term emergency response being complemented by long-term risk management, mainly lies in how they are characterised—with more participants and other types of content categories—and the awareness that interactions other than mutual ones can be positive. This illustrates the complexity of the issue of interactions.
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| 5. |
- Segnestam, Lisa, 1971-
(författare)
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Culture and Capacity : Drought and Gender Differentiated Vulnerability of Rural Poor in Nicaragua, 1970-2010
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation interprets gender-differentiated vulnerability to drought within a rural community located in the dry zone, la zona seca, of Nicaragua, a region that has been identified by the government and NGO sector as suffering from prolonged and, since the 1970s, more frequent droughts. A combination of gender, capitals, and vulnerability demonstrates the value in using a multidimensional perspective to look at the socioeconomic and cultural contexts that form the capacity individuals have had to reduce their long-term vulnerability to drought in Nicaragua. Due to the place-based characteristics of gender as well as vulnerability the analysis is mainly based on people’s stories about the history of their lives. Based on these stories a local level picture is created of the households’ situation over time, how their work strategies and management of resources have varied, and how they perceived changes in capacity and vulnerability in relation to continuity and change in the climate. The issue of adaptive capacity, which currently is less covered in research on gender and vulnerability and recognized in the literature as in need of more attention, and how it distinguishes itself from coping capacity in relation to vulnerability, is placed at the center of analysis. In an additional analysis of how Nicaragua’s hazard management policies look upon the role and importance of interaction among societal levels and actors in reducing hazard vulnerability I show how the discourse has moved from emergency response to risk management with an increased emphasis on capacity building. However, the recognition to differentiated vulnerability is lacking which risks hampering a successful vulnerability reduction.
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| 6. |
- Dimitrova, Radosveta, et al.
(författare)
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Relationships Between Religiousness and Life Satisfaction Among Emerging Adults in Mexico and Nicaragua
- 2017
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Ingår i: Well-Being of Youth and Emerging Adults across Cultures. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319683621 - 9783319683638 ; , s. 225-234
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines relationships between religiousness and life satisfaction among 571 emerging adults (M age 29.94, SD = 2.93) from Mexico and Nicaragua. Based on the four-factor religiousness model (Saroglou V, J Cross-Cultural Psychol 42:1320-1340, 2011), we investigated the interplay of believing (beliefs relative to external transcendence), bonding (rituals and emotions), behaving (adherence to norms) and belonging (social group cohesion) and their relation to life satisfaction. Participants completed the Four Basic Dimensions of Religiousness Scale (4-BDRS; Saraglou V, J Cross-Cultural Psychol 42:1320-1340, 2011) and the Life Satisfaction Scale (SWLS; Diener E, Emmerson RA, Larsen RJ, Griffin S, J Pers Assess 49:71-75), 1985). We tested measurement invariance and associations of religiousness and life satisfaction models across groups. Findings indicated good measurement invariance for both measures and that life satisfaction was consistently associated with high endorsement of all four religiousness domains.
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| 7. |
- Athanasiadou, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and bioaccumulative hydroxylated PBDE metabolites in young humans from Managua, Nicaragua.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Environ Health Perspect. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 116:3, s. 400-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in a young urban population in a developing country, with focus on potentially highly exposed children working informally as scrap scavengers at a large municipal waste disposal site. We also set out to investigate whether hydroxylated metabolites, which not hitherto have been found retained in humans, could be detected. METHODS: We assessed PBDEs in pooled serum samples obtained in 2002 from children 11-15 years of age, working and sometimes also living at the municipal waste disposal site in Managua, and in nonworking urban children. The influence of fish consumption was evaluated in the children and in groups of women 15-44 years of age who differed markedly in their fish consumption. Hydroxylated PBDEs were assessed as their methoxylated derivates. The chemical analyses were performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, using authentic reference substances. RESULTS: The children living and working at the waste disposal site showed very high levels of medium brominated diphenyl ethers. The levels observed in the referent children were comparable to contemporary observations in the United States. The exposure pattern was consistent with dust being the dominating source. The children with the highest PBDE levels also had the highest levels of hydroxylated metabolites. CONCLUSIONS: Unexpectedly, very high levels of PBDEs were found in children from an urban area in a developing country. Also, for the first time, hydroxylated PBDE metabolites were found to bioaccumulate in human serum.
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| 8. |
- Tornhill, Sofie, 1974-
(författare)
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Capital visions : scripting progress and work in Nicaraguan free-trade zones
- 2011
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Ingår i: Latin American perspectives. - Berverly Hills, Calif. : Sage Publications. - 0094-582X .- 1552-678X. ; 38:5, s. 74-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electoral loss of the Sandinistas in 1990 marked the beginning of a transformation agenda in Nicaragua aimed at dismantling the revolutionary legacy. During the presidency of Enrique Bolanos (2002-2007), efforts to attract transnational capital to tax-exempt free-trade zones intensified. Advertising campaigns directed toward presumptive investors, workers, and the general public attempted to brand Nicaragua as an ideal destination for transnational capital, frame neoliberal restructurings in terms of a common good, and depict free-trade zones as a vehicle for female emancipation. Analysis of some of the products of these campaigns highlights efforts to legitimate new forms of the state and citizenship and suggests that the narrative of progress is troubled by intersecting power relations of gender and class that open the way for divergent interpretations of the global division of labor.
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| 9. |
- Lundgren, Inger, 1952-
(författare)
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Lost visions and new uncertainties : Sandinista profesionales in northern Nicaragua
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Latin American countries where there are few private entrepreneurs, the state has often played a dominant role in the economy and in production and consequently state employees have wielded considerable influence. After the overthrow of the dictator Somoza in 1979, during eleven years of Sandinista rule the Nicaraguan state expanded considerably. This provided an opportunity for the growth of a middle class of Sandinista supporters to positions of influence over the direction of societal development, while at the same time it limited the influence of those who were not Sandinistas. In the elections of 1990 the revolutionary Sandinista government was replaced by an anti-Sandinista coalition of fourteen parties. This altered the situation for those members of the middle class who had benefited from state protection in the revolutionary period and left many of them unemployed.This thesis is based on fieldwork conducted from 1991 to 1993 in Estelí, a town in northern Nicaragua. It deals with the downward mobility experienced by a part of the Nicaraguan middle class - the profesionales - and the subsequent situation of such people who had to leave their former jobs as professionals and civil servants. These jobs had formed the bases from which they participated in the construction of Sandinista visions of the future, and wielded influence within the state. After the elections they found their opportunities restricted not only by neo-liberal measures to reduce the state, but also, as they saw it, by political revenge. The book attempts to promote increased understanding of contemporary social and political processes in Nicaragua by showing how the everyday lives of the Sandinista profesionales has become characterised by economic uncertainty and unemployment, fear of unpredictable violence and a general lack of societal trust. It asks how the Sandinista profesionales manage to cope with their current situation, how the explain it and where they place the blame for their predicament. Which role do they themselves believe they could play in the present and future Nicaragua? Have they adapted to the new circumstances or are they struggling to recover the same influence in society that the former positions within the state granted them?
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| 10. |
- Segnestam, Lisa, 1971-
(författare)
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Division of Capitals - What Role Does It Play for Gender-Differentiated
- 2009
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Ingår i: Community Development. Journal of the Community Development Society. - Philadelphia : Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. - 1557-5330. ; 40:2, s. 154-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores the gender differentiation of vulnerability to the drought situation within a rural community in the dry zone of Nicaragua. Case study work demonstrates that women and men use different strategies to cope with drought in the short term, and to adapt to the recurring El Niño induced events in the longer term. These strategies combined constitute the livelihoods of the rural poor in the dry zone of Nicaragua—livelihoods that change at times of drought to reduce its impacts. The article uses the Community Capitals Framework (CCF) to look at what resources women and men in the case study area have lost and to analyze what capitals are most central for the coping and adaptation capacity. A gender perspective is applied to see what difference in access to capitals between men and women exist and what that means in terms of gender-differentiated vulnerability to drought.
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