| 11. |
- Albertsson, Dagur Ingi, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrafast Ising Machines using spin torque nano-oscillators
- 2021
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 118:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combinatorial optimization problems are known for being particularly hard to solve on traditional von Neumann architectures. This has led to the development of Ising Machines (IMs) based on quantum annealers and optical and electronic oscillators, demonstrating speed-ups compared to central processing unit (CPU) and graphics processing unit (GPU) algorithms. Spin torque nano-oscillators (STNOs) have shown GHz operating frequency, nanoscale size, and nanosecond turn-on time, which would allow their use in ultrafast oscillator-based IMs. Here, we show using numerical simulations based on STNO auto-oscillator theory that STNOs exhibit fundamental characteristics needed to realize IMs, including in-phase/out-of-phase synchronization and second harmonic injection locking phase binarization. Furthermore, we demonstrate numerically that large STNO network IMs can solve Max-Cut problems on nanosecond timescales.
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| 12. |
- Albertsson, Daniel M, 1957
(författare)
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Hip fracture prevention by screening and intervention of elderly women in primary health care
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hip fracture prevention by screening and intervention of elderly women in Primary Health Care Daniel Albertsson Background – One in four Swedish women suffers a hip fracture (HF). In order to identify high-risk women we developed clinical 4-item scores as the FRAMO (Fracture and Mortality) Index, evaluated heel bone mineral density (BMD) and undertook interventions to improve mobility, reduce falls and HF. Methods - In pilot study 1998, a questionnaire regarding HF risk factors was sent to100 elderly women, with follow-up in 2001. Based on questionnaire 2001 sent to 1498 women aged ≥70, participants were analyzed with FRAMO Index (Risk Model I) for HF, fragility fracture (FF) and mortality in 2002–2003. A questionnaire regarding HF risk was 2003 returned by 285/435 women in the intervention population and heel BMD was assessed by portable dual X-ray laser absorptiometry (DXL), and correlated with 2-year incident HF and FF. Heel BMD was compared to hip BMD. In the controlled cohort intervention study, 296 (I=103, C=193) women were at high risk for HF (in Risk Model II). House calls were made to 61 % in intervention group, initiating exercising and home hazard reduction. After BMD determination pharmacological treatment was considered for 80 %. We evaluated mobility outcomes from questionnaires 2001 and 2004 and incident fractures in 2004–2005. Results - The 1998 questionnaire was answered by 92%; 34% had needs for fracture prevention. The 2001 questionnaire was returned by 83% (n=1248). Four items – age ≥80, weight <60kg, prior fragility fracture and using arms to rise from sitting - were combined in FRAMO Index. The 2-year HF risk was 0.8% for 63% with scores 0–1, and 5.4% (OR 7.5; 95%CI 3.0–18.4) for remaining 37% women with scores 2–4, having a 23.7% mortality risk. During 2004–2005, 7 HFs and 14 FFs occurred among the 285 women in intervention group, 60% of whom had heel osteoporosis (≤ -2.5 SD). The revalidated FRAMO Index showed HF OR 5.9 and FF OR 4.4. Heel BMD showed HF OR 2.7 and FF OR 2.3 for each SD decrease. Combining FRAMO Index + prior fragility fracture + low heel BMD yielded an annual HF risk of 7.8% for 11% and 0.4% for 89%. In the intervention group, we found less women with inability to rise (OR 0.21) and fewer falls (OR 0.46) in 2004, in women with initially impaired mobility. Home exercise was more common in intervention group (RR 2.1). Women with impaired rising ability who home exercised improved (p=0.03). Three interventions seemed related to improvement in rising ability on multivariate analysis; current home exercise, calcium-vitamin D3 treatment and previous group exercise (p=0.04–0.06). Two HFs occurred in the intervention group vs 11 in controls (OR 0.33 and p=0.23). Conclusion – Study questionnaires were feasible in PHC. The FRAMO Index yielded good fracture and mortality prediction. Heel BMD showed increased HF and FF risk. Heel osteoporosis prevalence was high. Hip osteoporosis corresponded to a heel DXL level of around -3.3 SD. Clinical risk factors combined with very low heel BMD defined a small high risk group for HF. Intervention group subjects with impaired mobility and high HF risk improved their mobility more than controls, one year after major multi-factorial intervention. Home exercise, group exercise and calcium- vitamin D treatment seemed related to improved rising ability. This risk assessment and intervention program with 1–2 years duration appears useful in population-based HF prevention.
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| 13. |
- Albertsson, Daniel M, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Risk group for hip fracture in elderly women identified by primary care questionnaire--clinical implications.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Upsala journal of medical sciences. - 0300-9734. ; 111:2, s. 179-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Every fourth Swedish woman suffers hip fracture during life-time. Several methods for fall and fracture prevention are known. In this study we identify women at high hip fracture risk in a primary care population, describing their needs for possible fracture prevention as well. METHODS: Cross-sectional questionnaire study for self-assessment by randomly chosen elderly women (n=100) over 70 years of age in a Primary health Care district at 1998. Questionnaire was designed from previous validated study. Follow-up study after three years performed at 2001. RESULTS: Response rate was 92% (n=92, mean age 78) and 90% (n=83) answered the main 40 questions. 30% had at least two of four major risk factors for hip fracture; age over 80 years, body weight below 60 kg, recent fall and previous fragility fracture. The recall ability for at least two of these four risk factors was 93% in follow-up study after three years (relative risk = 8.0 with 95% confidence interval 3.5 to 18). 34% of the women had experienced any fracture since the age of 50. Only 22% of the women with previous fragility fracture had any pharmacological treatment for osteoporosis. 26% had falls in the preceding 12 months, mainly at home. Needs for fracture prevention were found in 34% (27 women). CONCLUSIONS: Age, weight, recent falls or previous fragility fracture were common and important clinical risk factors for hip fracture with good recall ability after three years. By using this questionnaire in a Primary health Care district we identified women at high fracture risk. Needs for fracture prevention were observed for one third.
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| 14. |
- Albertsson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Research in Relation to SDGs : the case of Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
- 2024
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This poster describes an initiative undertaken by the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), to map their scientific output with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). SLU wanted to assess its contributions to the SDGs and also to aim to understand its focus and impact on specific SDGs. Given that the SDG´s are not intended to be used for subject indexing of individual scholarly articles, but rather are politically motivated, different interpretations arise during the SDG classification of scholarly articles, leading to diverse results across approaches.SLU has adopted a customized approach, utilizing its local repository (SLUpub) to index publications with SDG data. Librarians manually screen search results, comparing article titles and abstracts with individual SDG targets, sub-targets, and indicators. The indexing process involves manual input, limited to three SDGs per publication. The resulting SDG data is showcased on a dedicated web page and integrated into SLUpub's web interface. Although the current process relies on English language articles and major commercial databases, future plans include expanding to cover Swedish articles and grey literature, with the repository as the primary source. The poster illustrates the indexing process and visualizations of SLU's contributions to the SDGs.
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| 15. |
- Albertsson, Eva, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Carbonyl reductase mRNA abundance and enzymatic activity as potential biomarkers of oxidative stress in marine fish
- 2012
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Ingår i: Marine Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-1136. ; 80, s. 56-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbonyl reductase (CBR) is an enzyme involved in protection from oxidative stress. In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), the hepatic mRNA abundance of the two isoforms (A and B) is increased after exposure to treated sewage effluents, as well as after exposure with beta-naphthoflavone (beta-NF) and the pro-oxidant paraquat In this study, we show that the same chemicals similarly increase the single known hepatic CBR mRNA level and CBR catalytic activity in the coastal living eelpout (Zoarces viviparus). Hepatic CBR mRNA abundance and catalytic activity were also compared between eelpout collected at contaminated and reference sites on the Swedish west coast, but no differences were observed. In conclusion, CBR is a potential biomarker candidate for monitoring the exposure and effects of AhR agonists and/or pro-oxidants in the marine environment, but more research is needed to investigate temporal regulation as well as dose dependency for different chemicals. The mRNA and enzymatic assays presented in this study provide two additional tools for researchers interested in expanding their biomarker battery. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 16. |
- Albertsson, Eva, 1979
(författare)
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From Proteomic Analysis to Biomarker Application - Studies of Carbonyl Reductase in Fish
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many anthropogenic substances are present in the aquatic environment, but there is limited information on how this combination of chemicals affects exposed wildlife. To assess the impact of chemicals, a biomarker approach is frequently applied in environmental biomonitoring programmes. In this thesis, proteomic analysis was used as a hypothesis generator for biomarker development in fish. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was performed on a liver fraction from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that were caged downstream of a sewage treatment plant, and it was found that a protein identified as carbonyl reductase was induced. This was confirmed with qPCR, indicating that carbonyl reductase mRNA expression levels were markedly induced by the same effluent and also by a second investigated sewage treatment plant effluent of a similar character. More advanced sewage treatment technologies reduced carbonyl reductase mRNA expression, indicating that fish that were exposed to effluents of conventionally treated sewage have induced hepatic carbonyl reductase expression. To obtain more information regarding the possible inducers of carbonyl reductase, several different single-substance exposure studies were performed with rainbow trout in controlled aquaria systems. The results demonstrated that hepatic carbonyl reductase expression was not induced by the steroids that were tested but by an aryl hydrocarbon agonist and a pro-oxidant. Others have observed substances with the same mode of action in the effluents of Swedish sewage treatment plants. To promote the use of carbonyl reductase as a biomarker, a method for measuring enzymatic activity was developed in the sentinel coastal fish species eelpout (Zoarces viviparus), which is included in the Swedish national integrated fish-monitoring program. The protocol for carbonyl reductase enzymatic activity combined with qPCR analyses in eelpout were applied on a comprehensive field material, including sites with different grades of pollution among the Swedish, Danish and German coasts. Carbonyl reductase activity and mRNA did not show any site-specific differences between the polluted and reference sites. Therefore, it can be concluded that the induction of carbonyl reductase appears to be a promising biomarker for assessing exposure and the possible impact of sewage treatment plant effluents in caged fish. However, more research is required before and if carbonyl reductase can be used in biomonitoring programmes as a biomarker to assess the impact of toxic chemicals in wild fish populations.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Asker, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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A prospective cohort study identifying risk factors for shoulder injuries in adolescent elite handball players: the Karolinska Handball Study (KHAST) study protocol
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : BIOMED CENTRAL LTD. - 1471-2474. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Handball is a physical contact sport that includes frequent overhead throwing, and this combination leads to a high rate of shoulder injuries. Several factors have been associated with shoulder injuries in overhead athletes, but strong scientific evidence is lacking for most suggested risk factors. We therefore designed the Karolinska Handball Study (KHAST) with the aim to identify risk factors for shoulder injuries in adolescent male and female elite handball players studying at handball-profiled secondary schools in Sweden. Secondary objectives are to investigate whether shoulder function changes during the competition season and whether the physical profile of the players changes during their time in secondary school. Methods: Players aged 15 to 19 years were included during the pre-season period of the 2014-2015 and the 2015-2016 seasons. At inclusion, players signed informed consent and filled in a questionnaire regarding playing position, playing level, previous handball experience, history of shoulder problems and athletic identity. Players also completed a detailed test battery at baseline evaluating the shoulder, neck and trunk. Players were then prospectively monitored weekly during the 2014-2015 and/or 2015-2016 competitive seasons regarding injuries and training/match workload. Results from the annual routine physical tests in the secondary school curriculum including bench press, deep squat, hand grip strength, clean lifts, squat jumps, counter movement jumps, amp;lt;30 m sprints, chins, dips and Coopers test will be collected until the end of the competitive season 2017-2018. The primary outcome is the incidence of shoulder injuries and shoulder problems. The secondary outcome is the prevalence of shoulder injuries and shoulder problems. Discussion: Shoulder problems are frequent among handball players and a reduction of these injuries is therefore warranted. However, in order to introduce appropriate preventive measures, a detailed understanding of the underlying risk factors is needed. Our study has a high potential to identify important risk factors for shoulder injuries in adolescent elite handball players owing to a large study sample, a high response rate, data collection during consecutive seasons, and recording of potential confounding factors.
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| 20. |
- Asker, Mohammed, et al.
(författare)
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Peripherally restricted oxytocin is sufficient to reduce food intake and motivation, while CNS entry is required for locomotor and taste avoidance effects
- 2023
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Ingår i: Diabetes Obesity & Metabolism. - : Wiley. - 1462-8902 .- 1463-1326. ; 25:3, s. 856-877
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesOxytocin (OT) has a well-established role in reproductive behaviours; however, it recently emerged as an important regulator of energy homeostasis. In addition to central nervous system (CNS), OT is found in the plasma and OT receptors (OT-R) are found in peripheral tissues relevant to energy balance regulation. Here, we aim to determine whether peripheral OT-R activation is sufficient to alter energy intake and expenditure.Methods and ResultsWe first show that systemic OT potently reduced food intake and food-motivated behaviour for a high-fat reward in male and female rats. As it is plausible that peripherally, intraperitoneally (IP) injected OT crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to produce some of the metabolic effects within the CNS, we screened, with a novel fluorescently labelled-OT (fAF546-OT, Roxy), for the presence of IP-injected Roxy in CNS tissue relevant to feeding control and compared such with BBB-impermeable fluorescent OT-B-12 (fCy5-OT-B-12; BRoxy). While Roxy did penetrate the CNS, BRoxy did not. To evaluate the behavioural and thermoregulatory impact of exclusive activation of peripheral OT-R, we generated a novel BBB-impermeable OT (OT-B-12), with equipotent binding at OT-R in vitro. In vivo, IP-injected OT and OT-B-12 were equipotent at food intake suppression in rats of both sexes, suggesting that peripheral OT acts on peripheral OT-R to reduce feeding behaviour. Importantly, OT induced a potent conditioned taste avoidance, indistinguishable from that induced by LiCl, when applied peripherally. Remarkably, and in contrast to OT, OT-B-12 did not induce any conditioned taste avoidance. Limiting the CNS entry of OT also resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of emesis in male shrews. While both OT and OT-B-12 proved to have similar effects on body temperature, only OT resulted in home-cage locomotor depression.ConclusionsTogether our data indicate that limiting systemic OT CNS penetrance preserves the anorexic effects of the peptide and reduces the clinically undesired side effects of OT: emesis, taste avoidance and locomotor depression. Thus, therapeutic targeting of peripheral OT-R may be a viable strategy to achieve appetite suppression with better patient outcomes.
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