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- Samokhin, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Stationary iteration methods for solving 3D electromagnetic scattering problems
- 2013
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Ingår i: Applied Mathematics and Computation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0096-3003 .- 1873-5649. ; 222, s. 107-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Generalized Chebyshev iteration (GCI) applied for solving linear equations with nonselfadjoint operators is considered. Sufficient conditions providing the convergence of iterations imposed on the domain of localization of the spectrum on the complex plane are obtained. A minimax problem for the determination of optimal complex iteration parameters is formulated. An algorithm of finding an optimal iteration parameter in the case of arbitrary location of the operator spectrum on the complex plane is constructed for the generalized simple iteration method. The results are applied to numerical solution of volume singular integral equations (VSIEs) associated with the problems of the mathematical theory of wave diffraction by 3D dielectric bodies. In particular, the domain of the spectrum location is described explicitly for low-frequency scattering problems and in the general case. The obtained results are discussed and recommendations concerning their applications are given. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- dos Santos, Rodrigo Zeni, et al.
(författare)
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A Long-Term Conserved Satellite DNA That Remains Unexpanded in Several Genomes of Characiformes Fish Is Actively Transcribed
- 2021
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Ingår i: Genome Biology and Evolution. - : Oxford University Press. - 1759-6653. ; 13:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eukaryotic genomes contain large amounts of repetitive DNA sequences, such as tandemly repeated satelliteDNAs (satDNAs). These sequences are highly dynamic and tend to begenus- or species-specific due to their particular evolutionary pathways, although there are few unusual cases of conserved satDNAs over long periods of time. Here, we used multiple approaches to reveal that an satDNA named CharSat01-52 originated in the last common ancestor of Characoidei fish, a superfamily within the Characiformes order, similar to 140-78Ma, whereas its nucleotide composition has remained considerably conserved in several taxa. We show that 14 distantly related species within Characoidei share the presence of this satDNA, which is highly amplified and clustered in subtelomeric regions in a single species (Characidiumgomesi), while remained organized as small clusters in all the other species. Defying predictions of the molecular drive of satellite evolution, CharSat01-52 shows similar values of intra- and interspecific divergence. Although we did not provide evidence for a specific functional role of CharSat01-52, its transcriptional activity was demonstrated in different species. In addition, we identified short tandem arrays of CharSat01-52 embedded within single-molecule real-time long reads of Astyanax paranae (536 bp-3.1 kb) and A. mexicanus (501 bp-3.9 kb). Such arrays consisted of head-to-tail repeats and could b e found interspersed with other sequences, inverted sequences, or neighbored by other satellites. Our results provide a detailed characterization of an old and conserved satDNA, challenging general predictions of satDNA evolution.
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| 5. |
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European Nurses Work and Life under Restructuring
- 2009
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- PREFACEThe basis of this book is the European-wide research project entitled Professional Knowledge in Education and Health: Restructuring Work and Life between State and Citizens in Europe (http://www.profknow.net/). The project was financed by the European Union 6th Framework Programme, Priority 7, Citizens (Contract No. 506493). The overarching ambition of the PROFKNOW project was to understand knowledge “at work” among teachers and nurses as professional actors situated between the state, on one hand, and the citizens, on the other. Seven countries participated in the project: England, Finland, Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain and Sweden. In this volume, parallel to the book on European teachers, the authors of the chapters use the outcomes of the project as a platform for further reflection on their research and to deepen their analyses. The focus is still on the changes in welfare states and restructuring of health care systems examined from the perspective of the nurses’ experiences. However, the authors had the possibility to concentrate, from different theoretical approaches, on a specific problem area related to the main concerns of the original project.
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| 6. |
- Leclair, V, et al.
(författare)
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Acute Coronary Syndrome in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies: A Population-based Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Journal of rheumatology. - : The Journal of Rheumatology. - 0315-162X .- 1499-2752. ; 46:11, s. 1509-1514
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence suggests an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) diseases, including acute coronary syndrome (ACS), in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of ACS in an incident IIM cohort compared to the general Swedish population.Methods.A cohort of 655 individuals with incident IIM and 6813 general population comparators were identified from national registries. IIM subjects were diagnosed from 2002 to 2011. Followup started at IIM diagnosis and corresponding date in the general population. ACS, CV comorbidities, and CV risk factors were defined using International Classification of Diseases codes. Incidence rates including 95% CI were calculated. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare the risk of ACS in patients with IIM and the general population. The competing risk of death was accounted for using competing risk regression models.Results.The incidence rate of ACS in IIM was higher than in the general population, particularly within the first year of diagnosis and in older individuals. The overall ACS incidence rate in IIM was 15.6 (95% CI 11.7–20.4) per 1000 person-years, with an HR of 2.4 (95% CI 1.8–3.2) compared with the general population. When accounting for the competing risk of death, the risk of ACS in IIM remained increased with a cumulative incidence of 7% at 5 years compared to 3.3% in the general population.Conclusion.IIM individuals are at higher risk of ACS, particularly within the first year after diagnosis.
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| 8. |
- Aglago, Elom K., et al.
(författare)
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A Genetic Locus within the FMN1/GREM1 Gene Region Interacts with Body Mass Index in Colorectal Cancer Risk
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - : American Association For Cancer Research (AACR). - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 83:15, s. 2572-2583
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colorectal cancer risk can be impacted by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, including diet and obesity. Gene-environment interactions (G × E) can provide biological insights into the effects of obesity on colorectal cancer risk. Here, we assessed potential genome-wide G × E interactions between body mass index (BMI) and common SNPs for colorectal cancer risk using data from 36,415 colorectal cancer cases and 48,451 controls from three international colorectal cancer consortia (CCFR, CORECT, and GECCO). The G × E tests included the conventional logistic regression using multiplicative terms (one degree of freedom, 1DF test), the two-step EDGE method, and the joint 3DF test, each of which is powerful for detecting G × E interactions under specific conditions. BMI was associated with higher colorectal cancer risk. The two-step approach revealed a statistically significant G×BMI interaction located within the Formin 1/Gremlin 1 (FMN1/GREM1) gene region (rs58349661). This SNP was also identified by the 3DF test, with a suggestive statistical significance in the 1DF test. Among participants with the CC genotype of rs58349661, overweight and obesity categories were associated with higher colorectal cancer risk, whereas null associations were observed across BMI categories in those with the TT genotype. Using data from three large international consortia, this study discovered a locus in the FMN1/GREM1 gene region that interacts with BMI on the association with colorectal cancer risk. Further studies should examine the potential mechanisms through which this locus modifies the etiologic link between obesity and colorectal cancer.SIGNIFICANCE: This gene-environment interaction analysis revealed a genetic locus in FMN1/GREM1 that interacts with body mass index in colorectal cancer risk, suggesting potential implications for precision prevention strategies.
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| 9. |
- Berndt, Kim H.
(författare)
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Fishing the gene pool : Genetic structure, admixture and behavioural complexity in fisheries management
- 2016. - 1
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Prudent management of marine fish resources relies on separation and management of biologically meaningful groups of conspecifics, termed fishery stocks, often depicted as self-sustaining, spatiotemporally separated and demographically independent entities. Such stock discrimination has however proven challenging. Although most marine fish species form local spawning populations (in relation to hydrological and topographical features that promote local juvenile retention), the level of genetic and demographic connectivity among them is difficult to quantify, given that marine fish often display low genetic differentiation, implying gene flow among local populations mediated by dispersal and migrations in a “barrier free” environment. In this thesis I assess regional genetic structure and phenotypic divergence in a “high gene flow” fish species, the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), and re-evaluate the current stock division into an Eastern Baltic (EB) and Western Baltic (WB) cod stock. I also assess genetic consequences of population size reductions in a regional population assemblage of brown trout (Salmo trutta), used as a model system to draw conclusions relevant to overexploited fishery stocks.I examine genetic structure in a regional assemblage of local cod populations, making up a transitional admixture zone that separates the non-admixed North Sea stocks from non-admixed Baltic Sea stocks. In spite of a gradient in genetic admixture, which coincides with a gradient in salinity, local cod populations form two differentiated genetic clusters (stock complexes); a North Sea stock complex (Kattegat & Öresund), and a Baltic Sea proper stock complex (Arkona & Bornholm basins). This division is supported by recent genetic work, but is not congruent with the current EB and WB stock division. I also assess stock mixing in the Öresund management subdivision, an interface between inferred stock complexes, seeing increasing stock mixing (proportion Baltic genotypes) with decreasing distance from the Baltic Sea proper, and non-negligible but stable stock mixing throughout a single season. The combination of non-negligible migrant influx and maintained genetic differentiation might imply regionally prevailing spatiotemporal spawning separation and homing.I assess phenotypic and behavioural divergence in a local cod population, manifested through biased catches with regard to body condition, growth and body morphology. Evidence suggest that the observed divergence constitute within-stock behavioural components (not genetically divergent populations) most likely induced by increased intraspecific competition within the Baltic Sea proper.The inconsistent spatial genetic structures historically inferred for Baltic cod raises questions regarding the spatiotemporal stability of an admixture zone. To examine how population size reductions (and ensuing density dependent migrations and interactions) influence the genetic integrity of populations and the regional genetic admixture, I assess genetic variability within an assemblage of trout populations that suffered recent region-wide population decimations and recoveries. Recovered populations were characterized by lower genetic differentiation and higher genetic admixture, implying that population size reductions could endanger the genetic integrity of local populations. Such density-dependent genetic integrity is of relevance also to cod, given the drastic declines in Baltic cod stocks from overexploitation in the 1980s and 1990s.In summary, my work suggests that stock discrimination and stock division must be more dynamic, especially for population assemblages experiencing genetic admixture, exploitation, and stock size reductions. Given that stock size reductions can increase genetic admixture from density-dependent gene flow, and that gene flow can counteract local adaptation, overexploitation can have unforeseen detrimental effects on local populations.
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| 10. |
- Brady, Mark, et al.
(författare)
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Vikten av att synas - nya verktyg för att värdera ekosystemtjänster
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ekosystemtjänster är alla nyttor som ett fungerande ekosystem ger människan. Att bevara jordbruksmarkens ekosystemtjänster kan vara kostsamt för jordbrukare och då krävs det att de nyttor som tjänsterna ger syns och att bevarandet av ekosystemtjänster är lönsamt. Vi har utvecklat verktyg för att kvantifiera och värdera ekosystemtjänster. Vi presenterar dessa verktyg och visar att:- När det blir lättare att se hur ekosystemtjänster kan bidra till ökad nytta kommer ekosystemtjänster att bevaras i större utsträckning.- Både jordbrukare och samhället kan vinna på att bevara jordbruksmarkens ekosystemtjänster.- Samhällets välfärd ökar då jordbrukets negativa miljöpåverkan minskar.
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