| 1. |
- Bergdahl, Ingvar, et al.
(author)
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Lead
- 2022. - 5
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In: Handbook on the toxicology of metals. - : Elsevier. - 9780128229460 ; , s. 427-493
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inorganic lead is the most extensively studied environmental toxin. Today's humans have in the order of 100 times higher lead exposure, compared to prehistoric humans, mainly from food. The exposure was even higher during the 20th century, mainly due to lead addition to gasoline. Today, high exposures occur in many occupations, but also through, for example, contaminated drinking water, traditional drugs, lead paint, and soil and dust in "hotspots" around mines and smelters. Absorbed lead is widely distributed in the body. It accumulates in the skeleton, which, in turn, causes endogenous exposure, especially during pregnancy/lactation and in osteoporosis. Lead passes over the placenta into the fetus, and via breast milk into the infant. The mode(s) of action is not known; different mechanisms might be operating at different concentrations. Toxic effects occur first in the nervous system of fetuses/infants/children, with small cognitive effects already at a mean blood lead concentration (B-Pb) of ≤0.05. μmol/L (≤10. μg/L; which is well below the worldwide mean), without any threshold. Lead effects have also been reported for the cardiovascular system [increase of blood pressure at B-Pb well below 0.5. μmol/L (100. μg/L)], the kidney, post- and prenatal growth, cognition in also adults and elderly, the blood, the immune system, the gastrointestinal tract, and the female and male reproduction. There is important genetic modification of the toxicity. Lead is carcinogenic in animal experiments, but there is only limited evidence in humans.The organolead compounds tetraethyl- and tetramethyllead, earlier used in enormous quantities in leaded gasoline, are easily absorbed at inhalation and through the skin and may cause acute encephalopathia.
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| 2. |
- Bergman, Torbjörn, 1957-, et al.
(author)
-
Coalition governance in Western Europe
- 2021
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In: Coalition governance in Western Europe. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780198868484 ; , s. 1-14
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter describes the ambitions with the volume. First, we build on the lessons from earlier studies of governments in Western and Central Eastern Europe to deepen our understanding of the coalition life cycle, covering the three stages of a government's "life", beginning with the formation process, then turning to the governance stage, and lastly turning to the final phase when governments eventually terminate. Second, we seek to capture how recent changes in the Western European party systems, which are also described here, influence the various stages of the coalition life cycle. Third, we are in particular interested in how coalition partners cooperate and make policy once a government has formed, aiming to contribute to the growing literature on the topic of coalition governance. The chapter ends with a description of the content of the volume.
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| 3. |
- Berndt, Adele, 1966-, et al.
(author)
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Player and spectator engagement and co-creation in e-sports gaming events during and post-COVID-19
- 2024
-
In: Brand co-creation tourism research. - : Apple Academic Press. - 9781774912515 - 9781774912522 - 9781000778960 - 9781003336228 ; , s. 139-158
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Events, occasions on which people gather for a particular purpose, represent a well-established tourism-based distribution channel. Given recent technological advances, virtual tourism events offer a growing platform. As a particular virtual tourism event subtype, e-sports gaming events are online sports-based video-gaming competitions. During COVID-19, the number of e-sports game players and -spectators globally has grown, particularly through lockdown. However, despite this growth, literature-based insight into player- and spectator engagement with e-sports gaming events and their ensuing co-creation lags behind, revealing an important research gap, as explored in this chapter. Based on this gap, we develop a social presence theory-informed model that depicts the effect of e-sports gaming event-perceived intimacy, immediacy, nonverbal communication, and efficiency on player- and spectator engagement and its ensuing impact on e-sports event-perceived co-creation during the pandemic. We conclude with an overview of implications that arise from our work.
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| 4. |
- Björn, Lars Olof, et al.
(author)
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What is photosynthesis? : A broader and inclusive view
- 2023
-
In: A closer look at photosynthesis. - : Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. - 9798886978612 - 9798886978155 ; , s. 1-43
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In general, the word, photosynthesis, is considered synonymous with oxygenic photosynthesis, a process by which cyanobacteria, algae, aquatic, and terrestrial plants produce oxygen and carbohydrates, using light (photons), water and carbon dioxide. Further, we have anoxygenic bacterial photosynthesis where oxygen is not evolved, but a substrate, other than water, is oxidized, and rhodopsin-type systems, where ATP is produced. In principle, one could expand the concept of the term photosynthesis, provided appropriate caveats are added, to include lightdriven assimilation of molecular nitrogen, photoproduction of molecular hydrogen, and even synthesis of vitamin D in skin. We conclude with a glimpse of the rapidly developing field of artificial photosynthesis.
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| 5. |
- Blennow, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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Societal Impacts of Storm Damage
- 2013
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In: Living with Storm Damage to Forests. - : European Forest Institute. - 9789525980080 - 9789525980097 ; 3, s. 70-77
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Wind damage to forests can be divided into (1) the direct damage done to the forest and (2) indirect effects. Indirect effects may be of different kinds and may affect the environ- ment as well as society. For example, falling trees can lead to power and telecommunica- tion failures or blocking of roads. The salvage harvest of fallen trees is another example and one that involves extremely dangerous work. In this overview we provide examples of different entities, services, and activities that may be affected by wind damage to for- ests. We illustrate how valuation of the damage depends on the perspective applied and how the affected entities, services, and activities may represent different types of values. Finally we suggest means for how to actively manage the risk in an ethically sustaina- ble way. Many of our examples will be drawn from the experiences of the wind damage Gudrun in southern Sweden on 8–9 January 2005. The direct as well as indirect effects, which are described, are by no means unique to the Gudrun wind damage event and similar or even worse effects have been described after the wind damage events Martin and Lothar in 1999, and Klaus in 2009.
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| 6. |
- Bäck, Hanna, et al.
(author)
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Kris i regeringsfrågan?
- 2018
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In: Demokratins framtid. - Stockholm : Sveriges riksdag. - 9789188607645 ; , s. 269-297
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 7. |
- Bäck, Hanna, et al.
(author)
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Minority governments in Sweden : majority cabinets in disguise
- 2022
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In: Minority governments in comparative perspective. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780192871657 - 9780192699541 ; , s. 129-147
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter focuses on governments in Sweden, a country which a have relatively high share of minority governments, over 70 percent, in the post-war period. Most governments formed during this period have been single-party Social Democratic cabinets, supported by one or more parties in parliament, but there have also been several cases of minority coalitions. Swedish politics has historically been characterized by a strong emphasis on a near-unidimensional political conflict along the left-right policy dimension, and a negative parliamentary system which most likely account for the high occurrence of minority cabinets. The chapter describes Sweden as a prime example of what has been called contract parliamentarism, where minority governments often had support party arrangements in the form of an explicit written contract with one or more opposition parties, publicly committing the partners to a policy agreement. The chapter also shows that minority governments in Sweden have performed well, with a high share of government bills having passed through parliament, a high survival of cabinets, and a high level of electoral support. The legislative successes are partly because of contract parliamentarism but also because opposition parties can gain substantial policy influence by the rather strong parliamentary committee system.
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| 8. |
- Bäck, Hanna, et al.
(author)
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The parties in government formation
- 2016. - 1
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In: The Oxford handbook of Swedish politics. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780199665679 ; , s. 206-223
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 9. |
- Cutas, Daniela, et al.
(author)
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Etica aplicată și de ce avem nevoie de ea
- 2021
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In: Alegeri morale : Teme actuale de etică aplicată - Teme actuale de etică aplicată. - : Editura Polirom. - 9789734684977 ; , s. 11-34
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 10. |
- Cutas, Daniela, et al.
(author)
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Etica relației dintre copii, părinți și stat
- 2021
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In: Alegeri morale : Teme actuale de etică aplicată - Teme actuale de etică aplicată. - : Editura Polirom. - 9789734684977 ; , s. 221-241
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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