| 1181. |
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| 1182. |
- Koopen, Annefleur M., et al.
(författare)
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Human microbiome as therapeutic intervention target to reduce cardiovascular disease risk
- 2016
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Lipidology. - 0957-9672 .- 1473-6535. ; 27, s. 615-622
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. Purpose of review: The absolute burden of cardiovascular risk remains high despite currently available preventive and therapeutic options. In search for novel therapeutic leads, mounting evidence has linked the gut microbiota as well as their metabolites to the development of cardiometabolic diseases. Recent findings: The intestinal microbiota influences the host via different metabolic pathways as inducer of endotoxemia, formation of trimethylamine-N-oxide, production of short chain fatty acids, and is a regulator in intestinal bile acid metabolism. Disruption of the gut microbiome may disturb the homeostasis of the microbial ecosystem to an alternative stable state associated with pathophysiological traits in microbiota and host. However, causality has not been shown yet. Summary: We are just beginning to understand how the gut microbiota influence our cardiometabolic health and various innovative therapeutic options are in the developing (preclinical) phase. This review focuses on the current evidence whether and to what extent the intestinal microbiota are involved in cardiovascular disease and whether this is based on merely association or causal relations.
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| 1183. |
- Koopman, N., et al.
(författare)
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Review article: can bugs be drugs? The potential of probiotics and prebiotics as treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- 2019
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Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. - : Wiley. - 0269-2813. ; 50:6, s. 628-639
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver condition. A major current research effort is ongoing to find potential strategies to treat NAFLD-non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), with special attention to the gut microbiota. Multiple animal studies and pilot clinical trials are assessing different gut microbiota modulating strategies such as faecal microbiota transplantation, antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. Aim To review the role of microbiota in NAFLD-NASH and determine whether pro- and prebiotics have potential as treatment Methods Information was obtained from critically reviewing literature on PubMed on targeting the gut microbiota in NAFLD. Search terms included NAFLD, NASH, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, steatohepatitis; combined with microbiome, microbiota, gut bacteria, probiotics and prebiotics. Results Animal studies and the first emerging studies in humans show promising results for both the common probiotics Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Streptococci as for short chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate-producing bacteria. Also, prebiotics have positive effects on different mechanisms underlying NAFLD-NASH. Conclusions The most promising strategies thus far developed to alter the microbiome in NAFLD-NASH are probiotics and prebiotics. However, pre- and probiotic treatment of NAFLD-NASH is relatively new and still under development. Actual understanding of the involved mechanisms is lacking and changes in the intestinal microbiota composition after treatment are rarely measured. Furthermore, large clinical trials with comparative endpoints are unavailable. Personalised treatment based on metagenomics gut microbiota analysis will probably be part of the future diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD-NASH.
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| 1184. |
- Kopchick, J. J., et al.
(författare)
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Covert actions of growth hormone: fibrosis, cardiovascular diseases and cancer
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Reviews Endocrinology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1759-5029 .- 1759-5037. ; 18:9, s. 558 - 573
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since its discovery nearly a century ago, over 100,000 studies of growth hormone (GH) have investigated its structure, how it interacts with the GH receptor and its multiple actions. These include effects on growth, substrate metabolism, body composition, bone mineral density, the cardiovascular system and brain function, among many others. Recombinant human GH is approved for use to promote growth in children with GH deficiency (GHD), along with several additional clinical indications. Studies of humans and animals with altered levels of GH, from complete or partial GHD to GH excess, have revealed several covert or hidden actions of GH, such as effects on fibrosis, cardiovascular function and cancer. In this Review, we do not concentrate on the classic and controversial indications for GH therapy, nor do we cover all covert actions of GH. Instead, we stress the importance of the relationship between GH and fibrosis, and how fibrosis (or lack thereof) might be an emerging factor in both cardiovascular and cancer pathologies. We highlight clinical data from patients with acromegaly or GHD, alongside data from cellular and animal studies, to reveal novel phenotypes and molecular pathways responsible for these actions of GH in fibrosis, cardiovascular function and cancer.
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| 1185. |
- Korkalainen, Henri, et al.
(författare)
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Review and perspective on sleep-disordered breathing research and translation to clinics
- 2024
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Ingår i: SLEEP MEDICINE REVIEWS. - 1087-0792 .- 1532-2955. ; 73
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sleep-disordered breathing, ranging from habitual snoring to severe obstructive sleep apnea, is a prevalent public health issue. Despite rising interest in sleep and awareness of sleep disorders, sleep research and diagnostic practices still rely on outdated metrics and laborious methods reducing the diagnostic capacity and preventing timely diagnosis and treatment. Consequently, a significant portion of individuals affected by sleep-disordered breathing remain undiagnosed or are misdiagnosed. Taking advantage of state-of-the-art scientific, technological, and computational advances could be an effective way to optimize the diagnostic and treatment pathways. We discuss state-of-the-art multidisciplinary research, review the shortcomings in the current practices of SDB diagnosis and management in adult populations, and provide possible future directions. We critically review the opportunities for modern data analysis methods and machine learning to combine multimodal information, provide a perspective on the pitfalls of big data analysis, and discuss approaches for developing analysis strategies that overcome current limitations. We argue that large-scale and multidisciplinary collaborative efforts based on clinical, scientific, and technical knowledge and rigorous clinical validation and implementation of the outcomes in practice are needed to move the research of sleep-disordered breathing forward, thus increasing the quality of diagnostics and treatment.
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| 1186. |
- Korp, Peter, 1966
(författare)
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Problems of the Healthy Lifestyle Discourse
- 2010
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Ingår i: Sociology Compass. - 1751-9020. ; 4:9, s. 800-810
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strategies for the prevention of disease and the promotion of health have a long history of individual- level interventions with the promotion of ‘healthy lifestyles’ being the primary target. The focus at an individual level devoid of social context has provoked a sociological critique of the prevailing healthy lifestyle discourse. This critique emphasises the social causes of health-related attitudes and behaviours in society, and the ideology of individual responsibility and ‘victim blaming’ that an individualist approach entails. At the same time, the prevailing notion of ‘health’ has been scrutinised within the framework of health promotion stressing a definition emphasising well-being and quality of life. This ‘positive’ definition of health broadens the possible reach of ‘healthy lifestyles’. Theoretical models emphasising structural aspects of the lifestyle construct have been produced. In this article, it is argued that while these models are based on the work of Bourdieu and his concept of habitus, they nevertheless overlook the importance of power and symbolic dominance in relation to the construction of ‘healthy’ and the understanding of lifestyles.
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| 1187. |
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| 1188. |
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| 1189. |
- Kovács, Anikó, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Spousal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Case Report of a Metachronous Presentation of Breast Cancer in a Genetically Unrelated Couple
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clinics in Oncology. - 2474-1663. ; 2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a systematic review of the literature about spousal cancer, concerning the possible cancer aetiology of synchronous and metachronous, concordant and discordant cancer types in married couples. Synchronous and metachronous breast cancer in spouses are extremely rare. We present here a married couple whom were diagnosed with metachronous breast cancer, with a 10year delay in onset in the husband. This case of spousal breast cancer may represent a coincidental phenomenon, as breast cancer is quite uncommon in men. It has been postulated that exposure to viral, nutritional and environmental / contamination factors for extended periods of time might facilitate cancer development in the same organ in spouses. However, current cancer incidence rates among cohabitants are relatively low.
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| 1190. |
- Krause-Jensen, D, et al.
(författare)
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Nordic Blue Carbon Ecosystems: Status and Outlook
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-7745. ; 9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vegetated coastal and marine habitats in the Nordic region include salt marshes, eelgrass meadows and, in particular, brown macroalgae (kelp forests and rockweed beds). Such habitats contribute to storage of organic carbon (Blue Carbon – BC) and support coastal protection, biodiversity and water quality. Protection and restoration of these habitats therefore have the potential to deliver climate change mitigation and co-benefits. Here we present the existing knowledge on Nordic BC habitats in terms of habitat area, C-stocks and sequestration rates, co-benefits, policies and management status to inspire a coherent Nordic BC roadmap. The area extent of BC habitats in the region is incompletely assessed, but available information sums up to 1,440 km2 salt marshes, 1,861 (potentially 2,735) km2 seagrass meadows, and 16,532 km2 (potentially 130,735 km2, including coarse Greenland estimates) brown macroalgae, yielding a total of 19,833 (potentially 134,910) km2. Saltmarshes and seagrass meadows have experienced major declines over the past century, while macroalgal trends are more diverse. Based on limited salt marsh data, sediment C-stocks average 3,311 g Corg m-2 (top 40-100 cm) and sequestration rates average 142 g Corg m-2 yr-1. Eelgrass C-stocks average 2,414 g Corg m-2 (top 25 cm) and initial data for sequestration rates range 5-33 g Corg m-2, quantified for one Greenland site and one short term restoration. For Nordic brown macroalgae, peer-reviewed estimates of sediment C-stock and sequestration are lacking. Overall, the review reveals substantial Nordic BC-stocks, but highlights that evidence is still insufficient to provide a robust estimate of all Nordic BC-stocks and sequestration rates. Needed are better quantification of habitat area, C-stocks and fluxes, particularly for macroalgae, as well as identification of target areas for BC management. The review also points to directives and regulations protecting Nordic marine vegetation, and local restoration initiatives with potential to increase C-sequestration but underlines that increased coordination at national and Nordic scales and across sectors is needed. We propose a Nordic BC roadmap for science and management to maximize the potential of BC habitats to mitigate climate change and support coastal protection, biodiversity and additional ecosystem functions.
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