| 191. |
- Wang, Anqi, et al.
(författare)
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Characterizing prostate cancer risk through multi-ancestry genome-wide discovery of 187 novel risk variants
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 55:12, s. 2065-2074
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transferability and clinical value of genetic risk scores (GRSs) across populations remain limited due to an imbalance in genetic studies across ancestrally diverse populations. Here we conducted a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of 156,319 prostate cancer cases and 788,443 controls of European, African, Asian and Hispanic men, reflecting a 57% increase in the number of non-European cases over previous prostate cancer genome-wide association studies. We identified 187 novel risk variants for prostate cancer, increasing the total number of risk variants to 451. An externally replicated multi-ancestry GRS was associated with risk that ranged from 1.8 (per standard deviation) in African ancestry men to 2.2 in European ancestry men. The GRS was associated with a greater risk of aggressive versus non-aggressive disease in men of African ancestry (P = 0.03). Our study presents novel prostate cancer susceptibility loci and a GRS with effective risk stratification across ancestry groups.
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| 192. |
- Watts, Eleanor L., et al.
(författare)
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Observational and genetic associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and cancer : a UK Biobank and international consortia study
- 2023
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The association of fitness with cancer risk is not clear.Methods: We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of lung, colorectal, endometrial, breast, and prostate cancer in a subset of UK Biobank participants who completed a submaximal fitness test in 2009-12 (N = 72,572). We also investigated relationships using two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR), odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using the inverse-variance weighted method.Results: After a median of 11 years of follow-up, 4290 cancers of interest were diagnosed. A 3.5 ml O2⋅min−1⋅kg−1 total-body mass increase in fitness (equivalent to 1 metabolic equivalent of task (MET), approximately 0.5 standard deviation (SD)) was associated with lower risks of endometrial (HR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.73–0.89), colorectal (0.94, 0.90–0.99), and breast cancer (0.96, 0.92–0.99). In MR analyses, a 0.5 SD increase in genetically predicted O2⋅min−1⋅kg−1 fat-free mass was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.98). After adjusting for adiposity, both the observational and genetic associations were attenuated.Discussion: Higher fitness levels may reduce risks of endometrial, colorectal, and breast cancer, though relationships with adiposity are complex and may mediate these relationships. Increasing fitness, including via changes in body composition, may be an effective strategy for cancer prevention.
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| 193. |
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| 194. |
- Westelius, Carl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Phase-based Disparity Estimation
- 1995
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Ingår i: Vision as Process. - Berlin : Springer-Verlag. - 354058143X - 038758143X ; , s. 157-178
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The problem of estimating depth information from two or more images of a scene is one which has received considerable attention over the years and a wide variety of methods have been proposed to solve it [Barnard and Fichsler, 1982; Fleck, 1991]. Methods based on correlation and methods using some form of feature matching between the images have found most widespread use. Of these, the latter have attracted increasing attention since the work of Marr [Marr, 1982], in which the features are zero-crossings on varying scales. These methods share an underlying basis of spatial domain operations.In recent years, however, increasing interest has been shown in computational models of vision based primarily on a localized frequency domain representation - the Gabor representation [Gabor, 1946; Adelson and Bergen, 1985], first suggested in the context of computer vision by Granlund [Granlund, 1978].
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| 195. |
- Westelius, Carl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Prototyping, Visualization and Simulation Using the Application Visualization System
- 1994
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Ingår i: Experimental Environments for Computer Vision and Image Processing. - Singapore : World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.. - 981021510X ; , s. 33-62
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Application Visualization System software from Advanced Visual Systems Inc is an interactive visualization environment for scientists, engineers and technical professionals. This report contains a short overview of the AVS software packages and a discussion about its general performance. The software package has actively been used at the Computer Vision Laboratory, Linköping University, during the last three years. The AVS package has been used in many applications. Examples are generating images from a virtual environment, simulation of a controllable robot with a stereo camera head and visualization of multidimensional data structures. Lately we also have used AVS for handling communication between different processes which may be distributed on different machines. AVS was primarily developed as a tool for visualization of complex data sets. However, another important aspect of the software is that it can be used as an advanced workbench for controlling networks of Unix processes (including external ones on different machine types) using simple visual programming.
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| 196. |
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| 197. |
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| 198. |
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| 199. |
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| 200. |
- Wiklund, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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An acceptability study of long-distance extractions in Swedish
- 2017
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Ingår i: Language Processing and Disorders. - : Cambridge Scholars Publishing. - 9781443895088 - 1443895083 ; , s. 103-120
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study compares controlled acceptability judgments for Swedish relative clause extractions to extractions from that-clauses and extractions from non-restrictive relative clauses. It also compares each structure in both extracted and non-extracted form. The reported possibility of relative clause extraction in Swedish (and the other Mainland Scandinavian languages) has long presented a challenge to universal theories of constraints on extraction because the phenomenon is cross- linguistically very rare. In the off-line judgment data presented here, relative clause extractions are shown to pattern with extractions that are assumed to involve an island-like violation (non-restrictive relative clause extraction), thus contrasting with informal judgments reported in the literature. The data also appear to present a counterpoint to the conclusion reached in Tutunjian, Heinat, Klingvall and Wiklund (2017) from on-line eye-tracking measures, regarding the representational status of this structure as being more in line with that of a licit extraction. Potential explanations for the obtained patterns of the result are discussed, presenting avenues for further investigations.
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