| 1. |
- Alatalo, Juha, 1966-
(författare)
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Gender lability in trioecious Silene acaulis (Caryophyllaceae)
- 1997
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : Wiley. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051. ; 17:2, s. 181-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gender expression of individual cushions of Silene acaulis was shown to vary between years. Fifteen of thirty-nine (= 38%) cushions monitored changed gender expression between 1993 and 1995. Cushions dominated by female flowers were shown to be more stable in gender expression than cushions dominated by male or hermaphrodite flowers.
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| 2. |
- Alatalo, Juha, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Response to simulated climatic change in an alpine and subarctic pollen-risk strategist, Silene acaulis
- 1997
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2486 .- 1354-1013. ; 3, s. 74-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to test if early no overing species respond with increased seed production to climate warming as is predicted for late-flowering seed-risk strategists. Experimental climate warming of about 3 degrees C was applied to two populations of the cushion-forming plant Silene acaulis (L.) Jacq. The experiment was run at one subarctic site and one alpine site for 2 years and 1 year, respectively, using open-top chambers (OTC). The 2-year temperature enhancement at the subarctic site had a marked effect on the flowering phenology. Cushions inside the OTC started flowering substantially earlier than control cushions. Both the male and female phases developed faster in the OTCs, and maturation of capsules occurred earlier. The cushions also responded positively in reproductive terms and produced more mature seeds and had a higher seed/ovule ratio. After 1 year temperature enhancement at the alpine site there was a weak trend for earlier flowering, but there was no significant difference in seed production or seed/ovule ratio.
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| 3. |
- Alnestig, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Product costing in ten Swedish manufacturing companies
- 1996
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Ingår i: International Journal of Production Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-5273 .- 1873-7579. ; 46-47, s. 441-457
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the main results from case studies in 10 Swedish manufacturing companies concerning their product costing. The main purpose of the study is to find out what models of product costing the companies use, what allocation bases are applied. Several questions have been asked to the companies: What is the purpose of the product costing? Is a special product costing used for inventory valuation? Is full costing or variable costing used? How are depreciation costs and cost of capital treated? Is some sort of activity-based costing used? If so, which arethe cost drivers? The study is a case analysis, no questionnaires are used. The study presents arguments that a separation of product costing in “Activity-Based Costing” or “traditional costing” is not possible, but also that more “ABC-thinking” is necessary.
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| 4. |
- Altola, Juha, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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EFFECT OF ALTITUDE ON THE SEX-RATIO IN POPULATIONS OF SILENE ACAULIS (CARYOPHYLLACEAE)
- 1995
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : Wiley. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051. ; 15:3, s. 251-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Predicted increase of female frequencies in gynodioecious Silene acaulis was tested along an altitude gradient in northern Sweden. Average female frequencies for the four sites increased with altitude from 42% to 59% within a short geographical distance. This follows the outcrossing hypothesis, that female frequencies should be positively correlated with selfing rates of hermaphrodites in populations. More adverse environmental conditions should favour gynodioecy in areas where reproduction to a greater part relies on vegetative reproduction or selfing. Further, a significant difference in corolla width was found between females and the larger hermaphrodites, but not between sites. Cushion size and the number of flowers per cushion decreased with altitude.
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| 5. |
- Ambainis, A., et al.
(författare)
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Probabilities to Accept Languages by Quantum Finite Automata
- 1999
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783540662006 ; , s. 174-183
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We construct a hierarchy of regular languages such that the current language in the hierarchy can be accepted by 1-way quantum finite automata with a probability smaller than the corresponding probability for the preceding language in the hierarchy. These probabilities converge to 1/2.
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| 6. |
- Ambainis, A., et al.
(författare)
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Quantum finite multitape automata
- 1999
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Ingår i: SOFSEM’99: Theory and Practice of Informatics. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783540666943 ; , s. 340-348
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantum finite automata were introduced by C. Moore, J. P. Crutchfield [4], and by A. Kondacs and J. Watrous [3]. This notion is not a generalization of the deterministic finite automata. Moreover, in [3] it was proved that not all regular languages can be recognized by quantum finite automata. A. Ambainis and R. Freivalds [1] proved Chat for some languages quantum finite automats may be exponentially more concise rather than both deterministic and probabilistic finite automata. In this paper we introduce the notion of quantum finite multi-tape automata and prove that there is a language recognized by a quantum finite automaton but not by deterministic or probabilistic finite automats. This is the first result on a problem which can be solved by a quantum computer but not by a deterministic or probabilistic computer. Additionally we discover unexpected probabilistic automata recognizing complicated languages.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Urinary albumin excretion and heart rate variability in obese women
- 1998
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 22:5, s. 399-405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to examine the relationship between cardiac autonomic function and urinary albumin excretion in obesity.SUBJECTS: These were 27 obese non-diabetic postmenopausal women and 18 non-obese healthy postmenopausal women.MEASUREMENTS: Urinary albumin excretion as well as plasma nitrate, both indices of capillary function, were measured. Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability was performed, as a measurement of vagal function. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed and blood lipids were analysed.RESULTS: The obese women were characterized by higher fasting insulin, sum of glucose, triglycerides and lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), the latter of borderline significance, than controls. Urinary albumin excretion (UAE), plasma nitrate and heart rate variability were not different between obese and control women. However, in obese women log UAE correlated positively with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and inversely with heart rate variability, the latter independent of body mass index (BMI) and the waist/hip circumference ratio.CONCLUSION: It was concluded that this inverse association between UAE and parasympathetic activity in obese women may be an early sign of derangements of endothelial function and autonomic nervous system control, which may contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in abdominal obesity.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Ulf, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Organic Acquisitions in the Internationalization Process of the Business Firm
- 1998
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Ingår i: Management International Review. ; 37:2, s. 67-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper has two closely related purposes. A first purpose is to increase ouunderstanding of foreign acquisitions by considering them within the conteof the internationalization process of the firm. Second, by focusing on the rof acquisitions the paper is meant to contribute to a development of the moof the internationalization process of the firm. By focusing the embedded nture of the business firm it places attention on the role of organic acquisitias contrasted to the discontinuous changes associated with foreign acquisitions.A conceptual result is that the paper offers a framework for analyzing the rof foreign acquisitions in the internationalization process of the business firThis framework takes into consideration both antecedents to and consequencof acquisitions.An empirical result is the finding that there seems to be a strong tendency amonacquired firms to remain unaffected by the revised legal boundaries long afthe acquisition. Thus, the result of acquisitions seems primarily to be strengtening old rather than establishing new market network positions.
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| 9. |
- Arft, M, et al.
(författare)
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Responses of tundra plants to experimental warming : Meta-analysis of the international tundra experiment
- 1999
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Ingår i: Ecological Monographs. - 0012-9615 .- 1557-7015. ; 69:4, s. 491-511
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) is a collaborative, multisite experiment using a common temperature manipulation to examine variability in species response across climatic and geographic gradients of tundra ecosystems. ITEX was designed specifically to examine variability in arctic and alpine species response to increased temperature. We compiled from one to four years of experimental data from 13 different ITEX sites and used meta-analysis to analyze responses of plant phenology, growth, and reproduction to experimental warming. Results indicate that key phenological events such as leaf bud burst and flowering occurred earlier in warmed plots throughout the study period; however, there was little impact on growth cessation at the end of the season. Quantitative measures of vegetative growth were greatest in warmed plots in the early years of the experiment, whereas reproductive effort and success increased in later years. A shift away from vegetative growth and toward reproductive effort and success in the fourth treatment year suggests a shift from the initial response to a secondary response. The change in vegetative response may be due to depletion of stored plant reserves, whereas the lag in reproductive response may be due to the formation of flower buds one to several seasons prior to flowering. Both vegetative and reproductive responses varied among life-forms; herbaceous forms had stronger and more consistent vegetative growth responses than did woody forms. The greater responsiveness of the herbaceous forms may be attributed to their more flexible morphology and to their relatively greater proportion of stored plant reserves. Finally, warmer, low arctic sites produced the strongest growth responses, but colder sites produced a greater reproductive response. Greater resource investment in vegetative growth may be a conservative strategy in the Low Arctic, where there is more competition for light, nutrients, or water, and there may be little opportunity for successful germination or seedling development. In contrast, in the High Arctic, heavy investment in producing seed under a higher temperature scenario may provide an opportunity for species to colonize patches of unvegetated ground. The observed differential response to warming suggests that the primary forces driving the response vary across climatic zones, functional groups, and through time.
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| 10. |
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