| 1. |
- Hansson, Ann-Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Relapsing polychondritis, induced in mice with matrilin 1, is an antibody- and complement-dependent disease
- 2004
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Ingår i: American Journal of Pathology. - New York, NY : Elsevier. - 0002-9440 .- 1525-2191. ; 164:3, s. 959-966
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Relapsing polychondritis is an autoimmune disease that affects cartilage in the ear, nose, and respiratory tract. A pathogenic immune response has been proposed and antibodies to several cartilage proteins are detected in sera from these patients. To investigate the role of the humoral immune response in relapsing polychondritis, we used the matrilin-1-induced relapsing polychondritis model. Mice deficient of B cells (muMT) and mice congenic at the complement factor 5, were immunized with matrilin-1, a cartilage-specific protein mainly detected in the tracheal cartilage. To investigate the binding properties and tissue selection of matrilin-1-specific antibodies we produced matrilin-1-specific B-cell hybridomas. Although 83% of the micro MT heterozygous mice developed respiratory distress and erosive chondritis in the respiratory tract, none of the B-cell-deficient mice were susceptible to disease. In addition, we show that complement factor 5 is important for the induction of matrilin-1-induced relapsing polychondritis. Monoclonal matrilin-1-specific antibodies injected into neonatal mice bound specifically to cartilage of the respiratory tract and adult B-cell-deficient mice injected with the same antibodies developed erosive chondritis in the respiratory tract. We conclude that relapsing polychondritis can be mediated by a pathway involving tissue-specific antibodies and complement activation.
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| 2. |
- Hietala, Max Albert, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Complement activation by both classical and alternative pathways is critical for the effector phase of arthritis.
- 2004
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Ingår i: European journal of immunology. - : Wiley. - 0014-2980 .- 1521-4141. ; 34:4, s. 1208-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To analyze the role of the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation in the effector phase of arthritis, we have induced arthritis in C3- and factor B (FB)-deficient (C3(-/-) and FB(-/-)) DBA/1J mice using well-defined monoclonal IgG2b and IgG2a antibodies to type II collagen. In control DBA/1J mice, severe swelling of the joints, destruction of cartilage and erosion of bone developed very rapidly with a 100% incidence and a peak on days 7-10. Although 75% of C3(-/-) mice developed arthritis, the clinical severity was very mild and the onset was delayed. Severity of arthritis in FB(-/-) mice ranked intermediate in comparison with C3(-/-) and control mice with an incidence of 100%. Immunohistochemical analysis of the inflamed joints demonstrated substantial reduction in macrophage and neutrophilic leukocyte infiltration in both C3(-/-) and FB(-/-) mice, thereby confirming the clinical findings. We conclude that both the classical and the alternative pathways of complement activation are involved in the effector phase of arthritis.
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| 3. |
- Ihlström Eriksson, Carina
(författare)
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The Evolution of a New(s) Genre
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis describes and analyzes how the online newspaper genre has evolved since its inception on the Internet in the mid-nineties. The overall research question is: What characterizes the online newspaper genre evolution? The thesis is based on both synchronic and diachronic studies with a multimethod approach (including six different studies involving, e.g., interviews, questionnaires and web site analyses) intended to provide a comprehensive picture of this genre evolution. On the basis of genre theory, the thesis proposes a framework for understanding online newspaper genre evolution, integrating design (layout) aspects with publisher and audience views. Applying this framework to the collected empirical material, the thesis presents a comprehensive and integrated view of this evolution. Over time, online newspapers have evolved into a specific digital genre, with genre characteristics such as content and form, distinguishing them from other digital genres. However, this rapid development has also lead to diversities in form and function, triggering both academics and practitioners to seek ways to design for consistency within the genre. Several factors have influenced the online newspaper genre evolution, e.g., inhouse attitudes, business model shifts and technological progress at the publishers’ side. The audience demographics, habits and preferences have also changed. The layout of the online newspapers has been altered into long pages stuffed with content like news streams, headlines, photos, and services not possible in the printed edition. There has also been a shift towards frequent updates throughout the day and more content produced for the web. In addition, the thesis contributes to digital genre theory by modifications relevant to the online newspaper genre. For example, the concepts of genre awareness and genre interdependence are elaborated, a framework for identifying genre characteristics is proposed, and the concept “positioning” is introduced. Further, the thesis also contributes with implications for online newspaper design and publishing with longitudinal mappings of online newspaper layout and the habits and preferences of the audience.
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| 4. |
- Jeppson, Kjell, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Theory of a room-temperature silicon quantum dot device as a sensitive electrometer
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - Melville, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 95:1, s. 323-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider theoretically the use of a room-temperature silicon quantum dot based device for electrometer applications. The low power device includes two split gates that quantize the electronic energy levels in the emitter and collector regions. The base consists of a silicon quantum dot buried in silicon dioxide. The small size of the dotand quantization of the states in the leads combined to allow the device to operate at room temperature. The nonlinear current-voltage characteristics can be significantly altered by small changes to the potential of the split gates. Power dissipation in the device therefore changes with the split gate voltage, and this can be exploited in electrometerapplications. A simple model of the power dissipated when the device is part of a microwave resonant inductor-resistor-capacitor tank circuit suggests that large changes indevice power can be achieved by changing the gate voltage, thereby forming a measurable signal. We also demonstrate that the power dissipation in the device changes as the base width is varied, and that the current through the device increases exponentially with a decrease in base width. (©2004 American Institute of Physics)
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Pedersen, Eja, et al.
(författare)
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Perception and annoyance due to wind turbine noise : a dose–response relationship
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 116:6, s. 3460-3470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Installed global wind power increased by 26% during 2003, with U.S and Europe accounting for 90% of the cumulative capacity. Little is known about wind turbines' impact on people living in their vicinity. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of annoyance due to wind turbine noise and to study dose–response relationships. Interrelationships between noise annoyance and sound characteristics, as well as the influence of subjective variables such as attitude and noise sensitivity, were also assessed. A cross-sectional study was performed in Sweden in 2000. Responses were obtained through questionnaires (n = 351; response rate 68.4%), and doses were calculated as A-weighted sound pressure levels for each respondent. A statistically significant dose–response relationship was found, showing higher proportion of people reporting perception and annoyance than expected from the present dose–response relationships for transportation noise. The unexpected high proportion of annoyance could be due to visual interference, influencing noise annoyance, as well as the presence of intrusive sound characteristics. The respondents' attitude to the visual impact of wind turbines on the landscape scenery was found to influence noise annoyance.
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| 7. |
- Pettersson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Intersubband photoconductivity of self-assembled InAs quantum dots embedded in InP
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 95:4, s. 1829-1831
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The results from photoconductivity (PC) measurements on InAs dots embedded in InP are presented. The PC technique is recently applied to the study of InAs dots embedded in matrices of GaAs and Al0.3Ga0.7As matrix, respectively. It is demonstrated that this technique reveals important new physical insight into the electronic structure of the InAs/InP dots, information that cannot easily be obtained by other techniques.
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| 8. |
- Rosén, Bengt Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Topographical characterisation of artificial femoral heads : a Benchmarking study
- 2004
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Ingår i: Wear. - : Elsevier. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 257:12, s. 1275-1280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main functional demands on artificial joints are that they last more than 20 years. This means optimising the friction coefficient to minimise forces transmitted to the surrounding bone and the wear of the contacting surfaces. Surface roughness has an important influence on friction and wear. Traditionally, the 2D Ra-parameter has been the preferred way to characterise the joint's topography. Today ongoing development of 3D techniques are available for the research, and the aim of the present paper is to highlight the importance and possibilities using high-resolution 3D atomic force microscope ( AFM) and the optical phase-shifting interferometer for texture characterisation of eight commercially available femoral heads. The results show a significant variation of topography and surface-lay for the different femoral heads in the study. The variation and difference between heads were further underlined by the use of different characterisation techniques and measuring strategy. Results highlight the importance of the selection of measurement strategy, parameters, instrumentation, and scale of measurement in order properly to characterise the femoral heads in this study.
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| 9. |
- Sällfors, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Well-being in children with juvenile chronic arthritis
- 2004
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology. - Pisa : Pacini. - 0392-856X .- 1593-098X. ; 22:1, s. 125-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe a model for predicting well-being in children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). METHODS: 125 children (43 boys) (median age 14.1 yrs; range 10.3-17.8) rated disability and discomfort (Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire). Pain control, pain reduction and fatigue were evaluated (visual analogue scales). In addition, variation of pain intensity was rated by a pain intensity scale. Analysis by the stepwise regression technique was used to explain the variability in well-being. Eight independent variables were included as possible predictors in the model (p < 0.1). RESULTS: The analyses indicated that well-being in children with JCA is related to three clusters of variables; pain "as it normally is", number of pain-free days and attending physical education classes. The analysis explained a substantial portion of the total variance in the children's well-being (55.1%). CONCLUSION: Pain is a robust predictor of well-being in children with JCA. This supports the concept of the benefits of reducing chronic joint pain as a major goal in caring of these children.
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| 10. |
- Wentz, Kerstin, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Psychological functioning in women with fibromyalgia: a grounded theory study.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Health care for women international. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0739-9332 .- 1096-4665. ; 25:8, s. 702-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to elucidate psychological functioning and psychological processes in women with fibromyalgia. Twenty-one females with fibromyalgia (aged 26-72 years) were interviewed in-depth. The interviews were analysed in line with grounded theory. A core concept, "unprotected self," mirroring childhood conditions and adult psychological functioning, was identified. Intense activity or hypomanic helpfulness often was used as self-regulation in adult life. Later an increased exposure to mental load is accompanied by reduction of cognitive functioning and generalised pain. The phase of persistence of fibromyalgia is marked by reduction of cognitive functions, unprotected psychological functioning, and increased mental load as from crisis and somatic symptoms.
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