| 501. |
- Mukherjee, Conan
(författare)
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Inferring Authorship from Publications: An Axiomatic Study
- 2016
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The need to compare authors on the basis of their publications is well known. In this paper, we undertake an axiomatic analysis of the ways to measure academic authorship, for a given dataset of papers. We find that the intuitive Egalitarian index is the only index that satisfies efficiency, anonymity and monotonicity in terms of paper citation. This index divides authorship of joint projects equally and sums across all publications of an author. We also present a new m-index that accomplishes author comparison based on respective marginal contributions to joint projects. We show that m-index is the only efficient and anonymous index that satisfies monotonicity in terms of marginal contribution to a paper.
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| 502. |
- Mukherjee, Conan
(författare)
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On Axioms Underlying Use of Reserve Price
- 2015
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper establishes reserve price as an ethical necessity contrary to its popular interpretation as an instrument of revenue maximization. It provides an axiomatic justification to reserve pricing at Vickrey auction in single as well as multiple objects settings. In particular, it provides a topological interpretation of a reserve price as the infimum of the set of non-negative real numbers satisfying the following property: if all agents bid the same number from this set, then at least one object is allocated. Further, it shows how existence of this reserve price as well as the associated efficiency properties, are implications of ethical and strategic axioms. In particular, for the single object case, it is shown that any anonymous strategy-proof mechanism that satisfies non-bossiness (in decision) must have an allocation rule same as that of a Vickrey auction with reserve price (VARP). Further, two axiomatizations are provided for the class of VARP mechanisms in the single object context. In the multiple objects context, two new complications arise. One, any one agent getting the object no longer implies that all other agents do not get the object and two, at each profile of reports, all objects need not be allocated. To account for these complications, we introduce an ethical axiom called minimal impartiality (which requires that either all objects or no object be allocated at any profile where all agents report the same value) and a technical regularity condition. Under these restrictions, the single object results are shown to hold in the multiple objects case, too. Finally, we generalize the maxmed mechanisms of Sprumont [JET, 2013] to the multiple objects setting and provide an axiomatization.
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| 503. |
- Mukherjee, Conan, et al.
(författare)
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Role of Parental Expectations in Determining Child Labour and Schooling
- 2016
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The paper shows how parental expectations about child’s future income affect the incidence of child labour and schooling. We present a theoretical framework where parents decide on the optimal amount of time invested in child education in presence of uncertainty about returns to education. Here, the uncertainty is captured using the probability that parents attach to higher returns after education. Our theoretical findings underscore the need for policy interventions that affect time preferences of parents, for any wage regulations to enhance the extent of child education. On the empirical side, we use a longitudinal survey (Young Lives Survey) for children in Andhra Pradesh, India; to measure the effect of parental expectations on investment in schooling. This longitudinal survey allows us to first, estimate the probability that parents assign to the expectation that their child will get a skilled job in future. And then, we examine the impact of these parental expectations on probability of schooling decision as well as the amount of child’s time allocated for studies. Our findings suggest that child’s inherent ability, parental education and parents’ attitude towards education influence the parental expectations about child’s future job. Parental expectations in turn positively affect the investment in human capital. Interestingly, we find a negative impact of the average child wage in community, on both probability of schooling and the proportion of study hours only for boys. This result reflects the ambiguity predicted by our theoretical model, in the effect of child wage on child labour. Our empirical results also indicate that even free education may not encourage child education if parents lack faith in the society to provide skilled jobs.
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| 504. |
- Nielsen, Caren Yinxia
(författare)
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Banks' Credit-Portfolio Choices and Risk-Based Capital Regulation
- 2016
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To address banks’ risk taking during the recent financial crisis, we develop a model of credit-portfolio optimization and study the impact of risk-based capital regulation (Basel Accords) on banks’ asset allocations. The model shows that, when a bank’s capital is constrained by regulation, regulatory cost (risk weightings in the Basel Accords) alters the risk and value calculations for the bank’s assets. The model predicts that the effect of a tightening of the capital requirements – for banks for which these requirements are (will become) binding – will be to skew the risky portfolio towards high-risk, high-earning assets (low-risk, low-earning assets), provided that the asset valuation – i.e., reward-to-regulatory-cost ratio – of the high-risk asset is higher than that of the low-risk asset. Empirical examination of U.S. banks supports the predictions applicable to the dataset. In addition, our tests show the characteristics of banks with different levels of risk taking. In particular, the core banks that use the internal ratings-based approach under Basel II invest more in high-risk assets.
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| 505. |
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| 506. |
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| 507. |
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| 508. |
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| 509. |
- Nordin, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Do the CAP Subsidies Increase Employment in Sweden? Estimating the Open Economy Relative Multiplier Using an Exogenous Change in the CAP
- 2014
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study evaluates the impact of agricultural subsidies (CAP) on unemployment and employment outside the agricultural sector. For the CAP subsidies to have an effect outside the agricultural sector, the subsidies must have a second-order effect. Thus, the Open Economy Relative Multiplier for Sweden is estimated with aggregate municipality data for the years 2001 to 2009. A side-effect of the decupling reform in 2005 was that Sweden was forced to introduce a grassland support which redistributed the payments among the regions. This exogenous redistribution of the CAP is the identifying assumption in this study. The subsidy creates private jobs at a cost of about $20,000 per job, which is consistent with earlier estimates based on US data.
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| 510. |
- Nordin, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Explaining socioeconomic inequalities in drug utilization for Sweden 2005-2006: Evidence from linked survey and register data
- 2013
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study uses the Swedish register of prescribed drugs, merged with the Survey of Living Conditions (the ULF), to analyze the socioeconomic gradient in drug utilization. It finds a significant education gradient (but no income gradient) in individual drug utilization. Whereas the education gradient for men is quantitative in its orientation (education affects number of drugs used), the gradient for women is both quantitative and qualitative (education affects mean cost of drugs). For males, but not as clearly for females, the study finds that the education gradient is weaker for more health-related drugs but stronger for more expensive drugs. Our results indicate that the main reason for the education gradient in drug utilization is doctors’ behaviour rather than compliance with medication and affordability of drugs.
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