| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Englund, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Adjustment in property space markets : Taking long-term leases and transaction costs seriously
- 2008
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Ingår i: Real estate economics (Print). - : Wiley. - 1080-8620 .- 1540-6229. ; 36:1, s. 81-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Markets for property space adjust only gradually because tenants and landlords are constrained by long-term leases and transaction and information costs. Not only do rents adjust slowly, but space occupancy, which depends on historical rents, often differs from demand at current rent. This creates "hidden vacancies," vacancies that will develop in the future if market rent and the space demand driver are unchanged. That is, if current rent is greater/lesser than average rent, then hidden vacancies are positive/negative. Moreover, because of hidden vacancies, open vacancies and rent are not mirror images of each other. Thus it is necessary to estimate both rental and vacancy rate adjustment processes. We do this using annual data for Stockholm offices during the 1977-2002 period and simulate the response of rent and vacancies (open and hidden) to an employment shock.
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| 3. |
- Lööf, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge capital and performance heterogeneity : A firm-level innovation study
- 2002
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Ingår i: International Journal of Production Economics. - : Elsevier B.V. - 0925-5273 .- 1873-7579. ; 76:1, s. 61-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is an empirical analysis of knowledge capital and performance heterogeneity at the firm level. We apply new econometric methods to extensive data on innovation and innovative activities in Swedish manufacturing. A number of interesting results emerge. First, the results show that knowledge capital, defined as the ratio of innovation sales to total sales, is found to be a significant factor contributing to performance heterogeneity among firms. This relationship holds even when we control for human capital, type of output, firm size. and the entry. merger., partial closure or exit of firms. Second. knowledge capital rises with innovation input. the firm's internal knowledge for innovation, and co-operation on innovation with domestic universities. Third, when controlling for differences in innovation investments and human capital, knowledge-intensive firms are not more innovative than labor-intensive or capital-intensive firms. Fourth, organizational rigidities in innovation projects and a lack of appropriate investment sources for innovative activities are found to have a negative impact on productivity. Finally, we find a positive association between an outspoken aggressive innovation strategy, customers and a firm's internal resources for innovation and the size of innovation investment.
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| 4. |
- Wadström, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Strategi : arenan | affären | arbetssätten | ansvaret | avsikten
- 2017
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ett nutida nordiskt perspektiv på strategiBoken ger en ny och fördjupad förståelse för strategi genom att lyfta fram fem centrala aspekter – Arenan, Affären, Arbetssätten, Ansvaret och Avsikten.Läs merDen som vill veta vad som gör organisationer framgångsrika och kunna formulera och realisera en strategi behöver förstå alla fem aspekterna och hur de hänger samman.Författarna presenterar begrepp, teorier och modeller som har haft stort inflytande inom strategiområdet, förklarar när de är användbara – och varför de inte alltid är det. De betonar att traditionella strategiperspektiv behöver kompletteras med förändring, innovation och lärande – i hela organisationen. Fallbeskrivningar av nordiska organisationer inom olika branscher, såsom Lego, Trelleborg, Nordea och Linux, illustrerar strategins fem A i praktiken. I boken presenteras också några av fältets mest inflytelserika forskare och tänkare.Boken vänder sig i första hand till studenter på strategikurser, men kan med fördel också bidra med ett strategiperspektiv på olika kurser inom management, organisation, styrning, entreprenörskap och marknadsföring – på såväl grundnivå som kandidat- och masternivå.
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| 5. |
- Westling, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Can upstream ecosystems ensure safe drinking water—Insights from Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ecological Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0921-8009 .- 1873-6106. ; 169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clean water is not only the product of expensive treatment technology, but also of upstream ecosystems. Yet, the effect of land use on downstream water quality is poorly understood. We investigate the value of ecosystem water purification as an input to the production of drinking water in Sweden. We employ a recently modified empirical approach, complementing ex-ante modelling. We capture plant operator behaviour, rather than assuming rational individuals that value ecosystem services as a factor in the drinking water production function. The GMM technique is applied to estimate the marginal contributions of different land uses to water quality and chemical costs of treatment plants. The analysis is based on upstream land-use data, raw water quality, and chemical costs for a large share of Sweden's municipal surface water treatment plants, for the period 2000 to 2012. Our results show that upstream forests lead to lower levels of E. coli (a pathogen associated with disease outbreaks) in downstream water and indicate the same effect on turbidity (not significant). We also find that turbidity increases treatment costs, but the effect of E. coli remains unclear. Consequently, in addition to water treatment equipment, decision-makers should consider investment in upstream ecosystems.
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| 6. |
- Alger, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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Evolution and Kantian morality
- 2016
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Ingår i: Games and Economic Behavior. - : Academic Press. - 0899-8256 .- 1090-2473. ; 98, s. 56-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What kind of preferences should one expect evolution to favor? We propose a definition of evolutionary stability of preferences in interactions in groups of arbitrary finite size. Groups are formed under random matching that may be assortative. Individuals' preferences are their private information. The set of potential preferences are all those that can be represented by continuous functions. We show that a certain class of such preferences, that combine self-interest with morality of a Kantian flavor, are evolutionarily stable, and that preferences resulting in other behaviors are evolutionarily unstable. We also establish a connection between evolutionary stability of preferences and a generalized version of Maynard Smith's and Price's (1973) notion of evolutionary stability of strategies.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Robustness to strategic uncertainty
- 2014
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Ingår i: Games and Economic Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 0899-8256 .- 1090-2473. ; 85:1, s. 272-288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce a criterion for robustness to strategic uncertainty in games with continuum strategy sets. We model a player's uncertainty about another player's strategy as an atomless probability distribution over that player's strategy set. We call a strategy profile robust to strategic uncertainty if it is the limit, as uncertainty vanishes, of some sequence of strategy profiles in which every player's strategy is optimal under his or her uncertainty about the others. When payoff functions are continuous we show that our criterion is a refinement of Nash equilibrium and we also give sufficient conditions for existence of a robust strategy profile. In addition, we apply the criterion to Bertrand games with convex costs, a class of games with discontinuous payoff functions and a continuum of Nash equilibria. We show that it then selects a unique Nash equilibrium, in agreement with some recent experimental findings.
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| 8. |
- Huck, Steffen, et al.
(författare)
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Social norms and economic incentives in firms
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-2681 .- 1879-1751. ; 83:2, s. 173-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies the interplay between economic incentives and social norms in firms. We introduce a general framework to model social norms arguing that norms stem from agents' desire for, or peer pressure towards, social efficiency. In a simple model of team production we examine the interplay of three types of contracts with social norms. We show that one and the same norm can be output-increasing, neutral, or output-decreasing depending on the contract. Multiplicity of equilibria and crowding out effects of steeper incentives can arise.
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| 9. |
- Saez-Marti, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Discounting and altruism to future decision-makers
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Theory. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-0531 .- 1095-7235. ; 122:2, s. 254-266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Is discounting of future decision-makers' consumption utilities consistent with "pure" altruism toward those decision-makers, that is, a concern that they are better off according to their own, likewise forward-looking, preferences? It turns out that the answer is positive for many but not all discount functions used in the economics literature. In particular, "hyperbolic" discounting of the form used by Phelps and Pollak (Rev. Econ. Studies 35 (1968) 201) and Laibson (Quart. J. Econ. 112 (1997) 443) is consistent with exponential altruism towards future generations. More generally, we establish a one-to-one relationship between discount functions and altruism weight systems, and provide sufficient, as well as necessary, conditions for discount functions to be consistent with pure altruism.
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| 10. |
- Malmi, Teemu, et al.
(författare)
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Culture and management control interdependence : An analysis of control choices that complement the delegation of authority in Western cultural regions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Accounting, Organizations and Society. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0361-3682 .- 1873-6289.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the influence of cultural regions on the interdependence between delegation of authority and other management control (MC) practices. In particular, we assess whether one of the central contentions of agency theory, that incentive contracting and delegation are jointly determined, holds in different cultural regions. Drawing on prior literature, we hypothesise that the MC practices that operate as a complement to delegation vary depending on societal values and preferences, and that MC practices other than incentive contracting will complement delegation in firms in non-Anglo cultural regions. Using data collected from 584 strategic business units across three Western cultural regions (Anglo, Germanic, Nordic), our results show that the interdependence between delegation and incentive contracting is confined to Anglo firms. In the Nordic and Germanic regions, we find that strategic and action planning participation operate as a complement to delegation, while delegation is also complemented by manager selection in Nordic firms. Overall, our study demonstrates that cultural values and preferences significantly influence MC interdependence, and suggests that caution needs to be taken in making cross-cultural generalisations about the complementarity of MC practices.
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