| 1. |
- Fontana, Enrico, et al.
(författare)
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Nominated procurement and the indirect control of nominated sub-suppliers: Evidence from the Sri Lankan apparel supply chain
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0148-2963 .- 1873-7978. ; 127, s. 179-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article describes and discusses nominated procurement as a means through which buyers select sub-suppliers to achieve sustainability compliance upstream in emerging economies' supply chains. Hence, it critically examines the ways buyers articulate nominated procurement and the unfolding supply chain consequences. Based on in-depth interviews and fieldwork in the Sri Lankan apparel supply chain, the findings indicate that buyers accomplish sustainability compliance among their sub-suppliers while prioritizing their own business agenda. In doing so, however, buyers perpetuate “suboptimal compliance” of raw material suppliers and “sandwiching” of direct suppliers as harmful consequences on the supply chain. These consequences link theoretically with commercial, geographical, compliance and extended-compliance pressure. This article contributes to the advancement of the Sustainable Supply Chain Management literature by theorizing about nominated procurement, direct and indirect pressure, and pointing to the supply chain consequences beyond achievements in sustainability compliance.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- von Essen, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Exploration in Teams and the Encouragement Effect : Theory and Experimental Evidence
- 2020
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Ingår i: Management science. - : Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS). - 0025-1909 .- 1526-5501. ; 66:12, s. 5861-5885
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyzes a two-person, two-stage model of sequential exploration where both information and payoff externalities exist and tests the derived hypotheses in the laboratory. We theoretically show that, even when agents are self-interested and perfectly rational, the information externality induces an encouragement effect: a positive effect of first player exploration on the optimality of the second player exploring as well. When agents have other-regarding preferences and imperfectly optimize, the encouragement effect is strongest. The explorative nature of the game raises the expected surplus compared with a payoff equivalent public goods game. We empirically confirm our main theoretical predictions using a novel experimental paradigm. Our findings are relevant for motivating and managing groups and teams innovating not only for private but also and especially so, for public goods.
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| 4. |
- Bali Swain, Ranjula, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Does Foreign Aid Improve Gender Performance In Recipient Countries?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of International Development. - : Wiley. - 0954-1748 .- 1099-1328. ; 32:7, s. 1171-1193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An explicit goal of foreign aid is to promote female empowerment and gender equality in developing countries. We investigate if foreign aid achieves this intended goal by examining its impact on the gender performance of recipient countries at the country level. Employing structural equation models, our results suggest that aid alone, even when targeted to directly improve gender outcomes, is unlikely to shift systemic inequalities. Aid will need to bolster civil society efforts that challenge institutional structures and norms in order to impact gender outcomes at the country level.
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| 5. |
- Friberg, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Do Expert Reviews Affect the Demand for Wine?
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7782 .- 1945-7790. ; 4:1, s. 193-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine the demand for wines in Sweden using five years ofweekly data on sales, advertising, and expert reviews. The effect of afavorable review peaks in the week after publication with an increasein demand of 6 percent, and the effect remains significant for morethan 20 weeks. We find small demand-enhancing effects of neutralreviews and no evidence of important negative effects from unfavorablereviews. Restrictions on the state-owned monopoly retailer andthe exogenous timing of a subset of the reviews support a causalinterpretation of the effects of reviews on demand.
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| 6. |
- Funke, Michael, 1966-
(författare)
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Advertising of a national importance the Swedish Advertisers’ Association and the institutionalization of Sweden’s international advertising 1955-1972
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Historical Research in Marketing. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1755-750X .- 1755-7518. ; 15:1, s. 1-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Swedish Advertisers’ Association role in institutional development of Swedish international advertising during 1955–1972.Design/methodology/approach – Qualitative analysis of organizational material to analyze institutional development of collective international advertising.Findings – A new postwar paradigm that focused on a consumer-oriented brand ideology enabled marketing nexecutives in the Swedish Advertisers’ Association to develop a new discourse on international advertising inSweden, which then was institutionalized within a national network on export promotion. The institutionalization process was supported by a corporatist system typical of smaller export dependent postwar European economies.Research limitations/implications – While based on a national case, this study points to the importance of understanding how advertising concepts are embedded within other economic, political and cultural systemsthan in those they originated in and how this contributes to a heterogenous implementation of similar ideas andpractices. This study also illustrates how members can use their association to institutionalize a new discourse on marketing and network with other actors to enhance the use and reputation of its ideas and practices.Practical implications – By highlighting the importance of analyzing both internal and external organizational relations, this study contributes to the research on history of marketing by making salient the importance of an institutional perspective to understand key processes in marketing. In practice neitherthe institutional perspective nor the explanatory power of discourse has received much attention, therefore the study results should be both interesting and valid for practitioners as well.Originality/value – The study of the historical development of international advertising is limited and often descriptive. This study contributes to the literature by using a theoretical and methodological approach to make salient how the interaction between discourse, marketing associations and other collective actors propelled the institutionalization of international advertising within a specific national context.
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| 7. |
- Ahrne, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Organization outside organizations : The significance of partial organization
- 2011
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Ingår i: Organization. - : SAGE Publications. - 1350-5084 .- 1461-7323. ; 18:1, s. 83-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is common practice in organizational research to restrict the concept of organization to formal organizations, and to describe the world outside these entities by such other concepts as institutions or networks. It is argued in this article that the concept of organization can be fruitfully broadened to include some aspects of the order that exists outside and among organizations. A broader concept includes not only complete, formal organization, but also 'partial organization'. Both types of organization are based on decisions, but whereas complete organizations have access to all elements of organization, partial organization is based on only one or a few of these elements. Like complete organization, partial organization is a common phenomenon that not least characterizes much of the contemporary global order. The authors discuss how partial organization arises, how and why institutions and networks sometimes become organized, and the consequences of organization for change, transparency and accountability.
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| 8. |
- Helgesson, Claes-Fredrik, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Values and valuations in market practice
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Cultural Economy. - : Routledge. - 1753-0350 .- 1753-0369. ; 6:4, s. 361-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- Baraldi, Enrico, et al.
(författare)
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Controlling and combining resources in networks - from Uppsala to Stanford, and back again : The case of a biotech innovation
- 2009
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Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0019-8501 .- 1873-2062. ; 38:5, s. 541-552
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores how resources are controlled and combined in a biotech network that spans from Uppsala, Sweden, to Stanford, USA. A case study is reported that describes and analyses how the original discovery, developed at the Department of Genetics and Pathology at Uppsala University, Sweden. was combined with other innovations at Stanford University, California, and under the influence and control of several different actors, including venture capitalists, were exploited within a newly founded company, ParAllele. The paper analyzes the resources that are created, combined and controlled in the network around these scientific discoveries and the company hosting them. This analysis shows how actors are using and are exposed to different control mechanisms, such as action, results and personnel controls, in the innovation process. Our discussion emphasizes how the involved actors apply various types of controls on resources in order to reach their objectives. Forms of control that both entail mobilizing other actors and preventing actions in the emerging network are of importance. We conclude the paper by pointing out the features of control in innovation processes as well as obstacles to control in a business network setting.
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| 10. |
- Frostenson, Magnus
(författare)
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Legitimationskontrollen : en studie av etiska värderingars roll i gränsöverskridande förvärv och fusioner
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- From an employee perspective, the study examines the intra-firm role of ethical values in four cases where Swedish firms are acquired by or merge with foreign comptetitors. This is done by using the conceptual tool of internal legitimacy, adding up to the research question on what grounds internal legitimacy is created for changes regarding work content, work routines, and organization in the Swedish firms under study.A model for understanding internal legitimation in an organizational context is developed, defining internal legitimacy as an internal license to operate, understood in relational terms, given by the employees on the basis of common values, meaningfulness, self-interest, and emotional grounds. Different forms of internal legitimacy are identified. Moral (normative) legitimacy rests upon common (ethical) values, cognitive legitimacy builds on meaningfulness, pragmatic legitimacy has its roots in self-interest, while the emotional context warrants its own form of legitimacy that can be understood in identificational terms.The four cases differ in substance from each other. The first case concerns an Internet firm taken over by a German competitor. The second case is about a consultancy firm that is acquired by a British multinational. The third case describes an American acquisition of an industrial firm, while the fourth case focuses on a merger of equals between a Swedish and a Finnish firm within raw material extraction and manufacturing.Changes in work content are found to be more detrimental to internal legitimacy than changes in work routines and organization. This is due to the challenge that externally imposed changes in work content pose to the basic meaning of work as understood by the employees.Five factors, understood as facilitators for internal legitimacy, are identified. The autonomy factor, the competence factor, the identification factor, the market logic factor, and the instrumental factor. These factors have a strong bearing on the creation of internal legitimacy in the examined firms.The autonomy factor signifies a claim for relative organizational autonomy and independence from the new owners and respect for the individual need for self-realization at work. In ethical terms, both these aspects build on elements of freedom, equality, tolerance, diversity, and co-determination, ethical concepts that are closely knit together in the minds of Swedish employees and provide the basis for how they want to be treated by the new owners.The competence factor refers to employee expectations on the new owners' knowledge and competence. This factor can be understood as instrumental, building on self-interest, in the way that there is a strong expectation that the new owners contribute with knowledge that is good for business. But it can also be understood in value terms, signifying a respect for professional knowledge as a value, shared for example in technically oriented engineering cultures.The identification factor has to do with what the employees are, want to be, and to what extent the new owners facilitate their endeavor to become this. This factor is multi-faceted. Elements of narcissicstic self-interest, correspondence between employee values and the perceived values of the new owners, and emotional factors all contribute to identification, not the least in terms of status.The market logic factor refers to the fact that acceptance of evolutionary market logic warrants legitimacy for relatively harsh measures in terms of, for example, downsizing. The degree to which the employees consider evolutionary market logic to be valid in a functional sense is crucial since it implies the level of cognitive acceptance of the rules of the game of the market and, also, their natural consequences on a micro-level.The instrumental factor builds on self-interest and has to do with the degree to which personal interests, for example career interests, are furthered by the order established by the new owners.Ethical values play an important role in the sense that they are fundamental to trust, which must be enjoyed by a foreign owner to gain acceptance from an internal Swedish employee force. Trust is manifested in the autonomy factor and the identification factor. Knowledge can also be seen as a value, however not an ethical one, that is also vital to trust and is manifested in the competence factor.One important finding is that there seems to be a common Swedish understanding of the ethical values at stake. Autonomy, expressed as freedom, is linked to participation, equality, and respect for the individual. Another important finding is that, contrary to intuitive expectations, there is no connection between conventionally understood macro-level national cultural similarity and micro-level internal legitimacy for changes in terms of work content, work routines, and organization. Internal legitimacy is virtually absent in the German-Swedish case and relatively low in the Finnish-Swedish case. To some degree it exists within the British-Swedish case while it is high in the U.S.-Swedish case. This shows that assumptions of macro-level cultural similarity are not good predictors when it comes to micro-level outcomes concerning the human side of mergers and acquisitions. Rather, the five factors mentioned above have more significance in terms of internal legitimacy creation.
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