| 1711. |
- Zou, Gen, et al.
(författare)
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Synthetic biology enables mushrooms to meet emerging sustainable challenges
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - 1664-302X. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the increasing sustainability challenges, synthetic biology is offering new possibilities for addressing the emerging problems through the cultivation and fermentation of mushrooms. In this perspective, we aim to provide an overview on the research and applications mushroom synthetic biology, emphasizing the need for increased attention and inclusion of this rapidly advancing field in future mushroom technology over China and other countries. By leveraging synthetic biology, mushrooms are expected to play a more versatile role in various area, including traditional fields like circular economy, human wellness and pharmaceutics, as well as emerging fields like vegan meat, mushroom-based materials and pollution abatement. We are confident that these efforts using synthetic biology strategies have the potential to strengthen our capacity to effectively address sustainable challenges, leading to the development of a more sustainable social economy and ecology.
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| 1712. |
- Åslund, Alf, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Conservation strategies against the corrosion of historical pipe organs
- 2007
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Ingår i: Metal 07. ; 5:2, s. 16-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The corrosion of lead-tin organ pipes is a major threat to historical organs in Europe. A strong corrosion factor is the emission of organic acids, especially acetic acid, from the wooden parts in the organ. The main objective of the present work is the creation of conservation strategies for lead-based organ pipes. To this aim, the protective efficiency of different surface treatments has been evaluated. The accelerated exposure tests in acetic acid atmosphere reveal that none of the selected treatments guaranteed long-term protection. Therefore, the best conservation strategy is the preventive approach of changing the environment. An innovative nanotechnology treatment for the deacidification of wood samples has been studied. This method seems indeed to be promising in order to effectively decrease the high levels of acetic acid vapour in the organ environment.
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| 1713. |
- Östermark, Ulf, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Volatile hydrocarbons in exhaust from alkylate-based petrol
- 1993
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. ; 27, s. 1719-1728
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The non-methane hydrocarbon composition was studied for emissions from new alkylate-based fuels marketed for applications of special concern to human health and the environment. Proportions of 27 selected C2-C8 hydrocarbons were determined in moped exhaust for an alkylate-based fuel and a conventional reformate-based fuel. Samples were taken on an adsorbent cartridge behind the moped during driving, and were analyzed by thermal desorption and gas chromatography on an alumina column. About 90% of the hydrocarbons emitted from the two-stroke moped engine were unburnt fuel hydrocarbons.
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| 1714. |
- Östman, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of full-scale ozonation and pilot-scale granular activated carbon on the removal of biocides, antimycotics and antibiotics in a sewage treatment plant
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 649, s. 1117-1123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several micropollutants show low removal efficiencies in conventional sewage treatment plants, and therefore enter the aquatic environment. To reduce the levels of micropollutants in sewage effluent, and thereby the effects on biota, a number of extra treatment steps are currently being evaluated. Two such techniques are ozonation and adsorption onto activated carbon. In this study, we investigated the efficiency of Sweden's first full-scale ozonation treatment plant at removing a number of antibiotics, antimycotics and biocides. The effect of adding granular activated carbon (GAC) on a pilot scale and pilot-scale ozonation were also evaluated. The conventional treatment (13,000 PE) with the add-on of full-scale ozonation (0.55 g O-3/g Total organic carbon (TOC)) was able to remove most of the studied compounds (>90%), except for benzotriazoles and fluconazole (<50%). Adsorption on GAC on a pilot scale showed a higher removal efficiency than ozonation (>80% for all studied compounds). Three types of GAC were evaluated and shown to have different removal efficiencies. In particular, the GAC with the smallest particle sizes exhibited the highest removal efficiency. The results demonstrate that it is important to select an appropriate type of carbon to achieve the removal goal for specific target compounds.
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| 1715. |
- Abrahamsson, Katarina, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Organic bromine compounds produced in sea ice in Antarctic winter
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During polar springtime, active bromine drives ozone, a greenhouse gas, to near-zero levels. Bromine production and emission in the polar regions have so far been assumed to require sunlight. Here, we report measurements of bromocarbons in sea ice, snow, and air during the Antarctic winter that reveal an unexpected new source of organic bromine to the atmosphere during periods of no sunlight. The results show that Antarctic winter sea ice provides 10 times more bromocarbons to the atmosphere than Southern Ocean waters, and substantially more than summer sea ice. The inclusion of these measurements in a global climate model indicates that the emitted bromocarbons will disperse throughout the troposphere in the southern hemisphere and through photochemical degradation to bromine atoms, contribute similar to 10% to the tropospheric reactive bromine budget. Combined together, our results suggest that winter sea ice could potentially be an important source of atmospheric bromine with implications for atmospheric chemistry and climate at a hemispheric scale.
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| 1716. |
- Cooray, Vernon, et al.
(författare)
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On the NOx generation in Corona, streamer and low-pressure electrical discharges
- 2012
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Ingår i: Lightning Electromagnetics. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology. - 9781849192163 - 9781849192156 ; , s. 789-797
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An assessment of the global distribution of nitrogen oxides (NOx) is required for a satisfactory description of tropospheric chemistry and in the evaluation of the global impact of increasing anthropogenic emissions of NOx. In the mathematical models utilized for this purpose, it is necessary to have the natural as well as man-made sources of NOx in the atmosphere as inputs. Thunderstorms are a main natural source of NOx in the atmosphere and it may be the dominant source of NOx in the troposphere in equatorial and tropical South Pacific.
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| 1717. |
- Kong, Xiangrui, et al.
(författare)
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Ice Formation via Deposition Mode Nucleation on Bare and Alcohol-Covered Graphite Surfaces
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 116:16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deposition of water on aerosol particles contributes to ice cloud formation in the atmosphere with implications for the water cycle and climate on Earth. The heterogeneous ice nucleation process is influenced by physicochemical properties of the substrate, but the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we report on ice formation on bare and alcohol-covered graphite at temperatures from 175 to 213 K, probed by elastic helium and light scattering. Water has a low wettability on bare and butanol-covered graphite resulting in the growth of rough ice surfaces. In contrast, preadsorbed methanol provides hydrophilic surface sites and results in the formation of smooth crystalline ice; an effect that is pronounced also for submonolayer methanol coverages. The alcohols primarily reside at the ice surface and at the ice–graphite interface with a minor fraction being incorporated into the growing ice structures. Methanol has no observable effect on gas/solid water vapor exchange, whereas butanol acts as a transport barrier for water resulting in a reduction in ice evaporation rate at 185 K. Implications for the description of deposition mode freezing are discussed.
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| 1718. |
- Klonowska, Iwona, et al.
(författare)
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Pressure–temperature evolution of a kyanite–garnet pelitic gneiss from Åreskutan: evidence of ultra-high-pressure metamorphism of the Seve Nappe Complex, west-central Jämtland, Swedish Caledonides
- 2014
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Ingår i: Geological Society Special Publication. - 0305-8719 .- 2041-4927. ; 390, s. 321-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New evidence is presented for ultra-high-pressure metamorphism of kyanite–garnet pelitic gneiss in the Åreskutan Nappe of the Seve Nappe Complex, in the central part of the Scandinavian Caledonides. Modelled phase equilibria for a peak pressure assemblage garnet + phengite + kyanite + quartz (coesite) in the NCKFMMnASH system record pressure and temperature conditions of c. 26–32 kbar at 700–720 °C, possibly up to ultra-high-pressure conditions. Subsequent decompression, simultaneous with an increase of temperature to c. 800–820 °C, led to partial melting largely owing to the dehydration and breakdown of phengite. Based on existing isotope age data, we conclude that the Middle Seve Nappe in central Jämtland experienced deep subduction in the late(st) Ordovician, prior to decompression and partial melting of the pelitic protoliths during Early Silurian extrusion, giving way in the Mid to Late Silurian to thrusting on to the Baltoscandian platform. Nappe emplacement probably continued into and through the Early Devonian.
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| 1719. |
- Söderström, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping spatial variability of soil nutrient deficiencies in smallholder villages – a prerequisite for improved crop production in Africa
- 2020
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Various approaches to derive decision support for site-specific soil fertility management were assessed in a smallholder farming system, a village in western Kenya. The results indicate that at least a small number of soil analyses from the village is important. A collaborative approach among farmers within an area or village can facilitate detailed and cost-effective soil properties mapping, where parts of samples are analyzed in the laboratory, and most samples are scanned by a combination of sensors. Maps from continental geodatabases were less useful.
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| 1720. |
- Goetz, W., et al.
(författare)
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MOMA : The challenge to search for organics and biosignatures on Mars
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Astrobiology. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1473-5504 .- 1475-3006. ; 15:3, s. 239-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes strategies to search for, detect, and identify organic material on the surface and subsurface of Mars. The strategies described include those applied by landed missions in the past and those that will be applied in the future. The value and role of ESA's ExoMars rover and of her key science instrument Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer (MOMA) are critically assessed.
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