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- Aarebrot, Frank, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Statehood, Secularisation, Cooperation : Explaining Democratic Survival in Inter-War Europe - Stein Rokkan's Conceptual Map Revisited
- 1995
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Ingår i: Historical social research / Historische Sozialforschung. - Köln : Zentrum für historische Sozialforschung. - 0172-6404. ; 20:2, s. 210-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article addresses itself to the crisis of democracy in inter-war Europe which saw the breakdown of one democratic regime after the other with Czechoslovakia as the only survivor case in Eastern and Central Europe by the end of this period. It is cast within the framework of Stein Rokkan's seminal conceptual map of Europe which is expanded in order to account for countries and variables originally not included in his analytical scheme. The analysis leads to the following conclusion: where the state building was weak and the legacy of empire strong, or where secular nation building was still impaired by deeply rooted religious sentiments, or where significant segments representing major cleavages where not coopted into a constitutional compromise, the chances for democratic survival in inter-war Europe were slim indeed. The conclusion applies to the inter-war era alone, but it clearly has implications for contemporary Europe. Noting that statehood and secularization ranked high on the agenda of communist Eastern Europe, the authors raise the paradoxical question if the success of democracy in this part of the world may in fact be a byproduct of the extent to which the now defunct communist regimes were successful in promoting their pet goals.
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| 2. |
- Aarebrot, Frank, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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The View from EFTA
- 1998
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Ingår i: Public Opinion and Internationalized Governance. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780198294764 ; , s. 344-367
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter examines public opinion regarding European Community integration in the five small but comparatively prosperous countries in the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). The evidence reveals a split. On the one hand, there is the positive endorsement expressed in Austria, Finland and Sweden; on the other, there is the negative assessment expressed in Norway and Switzerland. This ambivalence confirms that the impact of centre-periphery location is complex. Moreover, as the Norwegian and Swiss cases indicate, the centre-periphery cleavage within countries is as relevant as that between countries to an understanding of support for internationalized governance.
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| 7. |
- Agrell, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Beskrivningar av pojkar och flickor i sociala utredningar i LVU-ärenden
- 1997
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet är att undersöka om det finns skillnader i hur pojkar och flickor beskrivs i barnavårdsutredningar. De senaste 26 LVU-fallen från två kammarrätter och sju länsrätter, räknat från den 1 oktober 1997 och bakåt granskades, 13 ärenden med pojkar och 13 med flickor. Uppdelning skedde i miljöfall och beteendefall. Ett flertal skillnader mellan könen kan konstateras. Exempelvis beskrivs pojkar som aggressiva och hotfulla och som en fara för andra. Flickor beskrivs som farliga för sig själva. I miljöfallen beskrivs flickorna som rädda, ledsna och oroliga. I samtliga utredningar förekommer inga eller ytterst få situationsbeskrivningar kopplade till de personbeskrivande orden.
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| 8. |
- Ahlman, B., et al.
(författare)
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Elective abdominal surgery alters the free amino acid content of the human intestinal mucosa
- 1995
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Ingår i: European Journal of Surgery. - Stockholm, Sweden : Taylor & Francis. - 1102-4151 .- 1741-9271. ; 161:8, s. 593-601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To assess the impact of a standard moderately severe surgical operation on the mucosal amino acid content of the duodenum and the colon.Design: Open study.Setting: University hospital, Sweden.Subjects: Nine patients who were to undergo elective open cholecystectomy.Interventions: Endoscopically obtained biopsy specimens from the intestinal mucosa. Main outcome measures: Changes in the content of free amino acids in the duodenum and colon at three days postoperatively.Results: The concentration of glutamine in the duodenum increased by 27% and that of glutamic acid by 34% after operation, whereas their content in colon remained unaltered. The concentration of branched chain amino acids increased by 26% in the duodenal mucosa after operation and by 24% in the colonic mucosa. The total concentration of amino acids (excluding taurine) increased by 9% in the duodenum, but remained unaltered in the colon.Conclusion: This study shows characteristic and consistent alterations in the free amino acid content of the intestinal tract after a moderately severe operation.
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| 10. |
- Ahlman, B., et al.
(författare)
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Intestinal amino acid content in critically ill patients
- 1995
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Ingår i: JPEN - Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. - : American Society for Parenteral & Enteral Nutrition. - 0148-6071 .- 1941-2444. ; 19:4, s. 272-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The purpose of the study was to determine the concentrations of free amino acids and the total protein content of the human intestinal mucosa during critical illness. Methods: The free amino acid and protein concentrations in endoscopically obtained biopsy specimens from the duodenum and the distal colonic segments were determined on 19 critically ill patients. The free amino acids were separated by ion exchange chromatography and detected by fluorescence, and the protein content was quantified by the method of Lowry. Results: In general, the typical amino acid pattern of the intestinal mucosa was seen, with very high levels of taurine, aspartate and glutamic acid. The main difference, as compared to a reference series of healthy subjects, was the elevated glutamine concentration of the duodenal mucosa. This amino acid was unaltered in the descending colon and depressed in the rectum. At the same time, the glutamatic acid concentrations were unaltered, suggesting that the degradation of glutamine was not increased in the septic state of the majority of the patients studied. Phenylalanine and the two branched-chain amino acids, valine and leucine, were elevated in the duodenal mucosa, and in the colonic mucosa, methionine and phenylalanine were elevated; otherwise, all the other individual amino acids were unaltered or depressed. Conclusions: The alterations seen in mucosal free amino acid and protein concentrations in connection with critical illness are different in many respects and contrast with the findings seen after starvation or moderate surgical trauma.
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