| 26921. |
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| 26922. |
- Osarenkhoe, Aihie, 1960-
(författare)
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Improving food product distribution in developing countries : a case-study of Nigeria : an analysis of environmental forces influencing food distribution and recommendations for policy reform
- 1992
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The general aim of this study is to And ways of improving the functioning of food product distribution in Nigeria, including: i) to develop knowledge about the relationship between environmental forces and the food product distribution system; ii) to identify possible change mechanisms in the system; and iii) to formulate recommendations for market reform along the dimension of the creation of action programs that address the needs of farmers/producers, distributors, and consumers. Theoretical triangulation was used to conceptualize distribution channels as a system of interrelated parts consisting of economic and social components. The former implies the coordinated division of distributive tasks among economic actors, while the latter signifies the interactive relationship of actors carrying out the distribution tasks. Methodological triangulation facilitated the use of multiple data collection methods consisting of personal open-ended interviews, key informants, participant and non-participant observation and document analysis. The findings reported as critical incidents indicate that inadequacies in food distribution infrastructures result in seasonal price variations, high distribution costs, inter-market price disparities, and disincentives to improve the actors’ operating characteristics. Similarly, déficiences in institutional factors coupled with short-term oriented government intervention measures in the distribution system are constrained by economic, political and technical factors. This study recommends that the distribution channel participants be regarded as part of the solution to the interrelated and interactive sub-problems affecting the distribution system rather than being regarded as part of the problem as most often done. Consequently, existing strengths and potentials in the distribution system should be capitalized upon. In addition to recommendations for selective market reforms, suggested and endorsed by the channel participants, structural and institutional improvements in the distribution system along the dimensions of credit policy, information dissemination, training programs, food distribution infrastructure and an approach to facilitate coordination in the distribution channels are presented. Efforts were made to address how a change process can be "set in motion" in the system and the foreseen hindrances to such a process.
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| 26923. |
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| 26924. |
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| 26925. |
- Osborne, Bruce, et al.
(författare)
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Why Does Gunnera Do It and Other Angiosperms Don't? An Evolutionary Perspective on the Gunnera–Nostoc Symbiosis
- 2009
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Ingår i: Prokaryotic Symbionts in Plants. - Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783540754596 - 9783540754602 ; , s. 207-224
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Gunnera–Nostoc symbiosis is an enigmatic plant–cyanobacterial symbiosis: the only known angiosperm–cyanobacterial symbiosis. We postulate that this symbiosis, together with perhaps all other plant–cyanobacterial symbioses, was more important in the geological past and was a response to a unique suite of environmental conditions that are uncommon today. Phylogenetic analyses indicate a distinct origin for the evolution of the Gunnera–Nostoc symbiosis within the angiosperms, although we suggest that this symbiosis may share more common features with both rhizobial and Frankia symbioses than might have been expected. Whilst we can only speculate on the evolutionary drivers that led to the establishment of the Gunnera–Nostoc symbiosis, there is plausible evidence that this could have been related to low oxygen-induced nitrogen deficiency. There is even evidence that low oxygen conditions can induce a number of factors that could be related to the establishment of plant–bacterial symbioses (rhizobia and Frankia). A particularly important goal for the future is the identification of the origin and development of specialised Gunnera glands, which are the conduit through which cyanobacteria enter cortical tissue. Currently we have little understanding of the functional or evolutionary significance of this structure. Far from being glands, in the strictest sense, there is evidence for an origin associated with adventitious root formation, a feature that also has parallels with nodule formation in legumes. This requires more detailed investigation.
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| 26926. |
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| 26927. |
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| 26928. |
- Oscarson, Stefan, 1953-
(författare)
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Synthesis of some oligosaccharides with D-galacto- and D-gluco-configuration and reductive opening of carbo-hydrate acetals
- 1985
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syntheses of the following oligosaccharides, required for immunological studies. are discussed: £-trifluoroacetamidophenyl O-a-D-glucopyranosyl-(1+4)-a-D-galactopyranoside, ß-trifluoroacetamidophenyl O-a-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 + 6)-a-D-galactopyranoside, 8-methoxy- carbonyloct-1-yl 0-a-D-galactopyranosyl-(1+3)-fi-ß~9"9alact°Pyranosyl- (1+4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-ß-D-glucopyranoside, methyl û-a-D-fuco- pyranosyl-(1+4)-ß-D-galactopyranoside, methyl û-a-D-galactopyranosyl- (1+4)-ß-D-fucopyranoside and methyl ß-a-D-fucopyranosyl-(1+4)-ß-D- fucopyranoside. A synthesis of a sucrose derivative suitable for selective acylation at OH-2, OH-3 and/or OH-4 is also described. Furthermore, reductive opening of acrolein acetals with sodium cyanoborohydride/hydrogen chloride and of benzylidene acetals with borane trimethylamine/aluminium chloride is examined. The dependency of regioselectivity on solvent and reagents is investigated.
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| 26929. |
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| 26930. |
- Oscarsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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A Novel Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Stress-Management Program for Working Adults With ADHD
- 2023
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Ingår i: Abstract Book of the 10th World Congress of Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies. Global CBT Dissemination, Accessibility and New Technology. ; , s. 477-477
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: In the last few decades, the proportion of sickness absence due to psychiatric diagnoses has increased drastically. This can be attributed to several factors, including a transition from physical to psychosocial strain at work, and difficulties balancing full-time employment alongside family obligations. A population that may have certain difficulties balancing work, leisure, and family, is adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Adults with ADHD are more stressed, more often on sick leave, and receive sickness absence recommendations to a greater extent than adults without ADHD. Thus, it is urgent to manage and prevent stress and other work- related mental illnesses in this population. This project evaluates the feasibility, acceptability, and effects of an internet-based cognitive- behavioral stress-management program, developed specifically for this at-risk population.Method: The novel stress-management program is based on existing support and interventions for ADHD adults. It is also inspired by existing support and interventions for relevant psychological disorders based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) principles. This includes both tailored and transdiagnostic CBT applications. The development includes thoroughly assessing previous research, including quantitative and qualitative studies, meta-analyses, and literature reviews. The most relevant and effective material is adapted to the internet format and the ADHD-adult population. Modules include information and exercises on: how ADHD symptoms affect work, leisure, and relationships; planning and prioritizing on and off the job; communication, assertiveness, and setting boundaries; sleep and recovery; and more. The program will be evaluated in a pilot study during the spring of 2023, revised, and later tested in a randomized controlled trial.Results: At the time of writing, recruitment to the pilot study is about to begin. Preliminary results are expected to be presented at the 10th World Congress of Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies in Seoul.Discussion: Despite the fact that many adults with ADHD are more stressed, more often on sick leave, and receive sickness absence recommendations to a greater extent than adults without ADHD, few studies have explored the possibility to manage and prevent these negative outcomes. This project will further the knowledge of possible ways to manage and prevent stress and other work-related mental illness among ADHD adults. If the internet-based CBT stress-management program shows promising results, it could quickly be made available to caregivers and/or the public, conceivably conserving considerable resources for individuals, employers, and society.
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