| 21. |
- Backlund, Per, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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A Skill tree Method to Identify and map in-game Skills to out-of-game Contexts
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Game Based Learning ECGBL 2021. - Reading : Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited. - 9781914587122 - 9781914587139 ; , s. 72-79
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gamification is the application of game design elements in non-gaming contexts to reach some purposes. It has been proposed as a solution in several domains, such as teaching, corporate training and healthy living. This paper presents the design and evaluation of the skill tree method which is a part of a gamified approach to motivate and support NEET-youth (Not in Education, Employment or Training) to leave their isolation and take steps towards better inclusion in society. The overall approach is based on two principles: 1) it targets adolescents with an interest in games 2); it utilizes their interest in games as the starting point for the intervention. Part of the intervention is based on a skill tree which maps in-game skills to out-of-game skills and visualizes the output so that the participant can become better aware of how their interest can drive personal development towards societal participation. The paper presents an evaluation of the skill tree method from the project staff perspective. The findings are positive but some need for improvements in the method as well as the tool were identified.
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| 22. |
- Backman, Sarah, 1992-
(författare)
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Normal Cyber Accidents
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Cyber Policy. - 2373-8871 .- 2373-8898. ; 8:1, s. 114-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several of the most serious cyber incidents affecting critical infrastructure to date have been the result of collateral damage, indirect effects, malware that ‘escaped’ their intended target and/or incontrollable malware proliferation. This tendency has so far been under-explored in the International Relations (IR) literature, and its potential implications largely overlooked. By focusing on the role of socio-technical system dynamics, this article aims to contribute to advancing our understanding of collateral (incidental) damage and unexpected consequences connected to offensive cyber operations. More specifically, it introduces an analytical framework based on Normal Accidents (NA) theory. The framework highlights dynamics which make complex systems more difficult to analyse and more prone to cascading failures. Its application is explored using in-depth interviews and empirical case examples of large-scale cyber incidents. The results highlight the difficulty of achieving controlled and precise effects when disrupting components in complex systems. The article concludes with a discussion on the need for renewed attention to escalatory risks connected to destructive offensive cyber.
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| 23. |
- Backman, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Complications of video-assisted gastrostomy in children with or without a ventriculoperitoneal shunt
- 2007
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Ingår i: Pediatric Surgery International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1437-9813 .- 0179-0358. ; 23:7, s. 665-668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that the presence of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt ( VPS) influences the frequency of postoperative complications after video-assisted gastrostomy ( VAG) in children. When using a power of 80%, a critical value for significance of 5% and an assumed population-based standard deviation of 0.4, it will be required to have a sample size of at least 14 children to show that a difference of 0.6 is significant when using Student's t test for paired samples. Thus, 15 consecutive children with VPSs were included in the present study. All the children had nutritional problems and underwent a VAG operation at a tertiary care university hospital. After the operation, the children were prospectively followed up. Specially trained nurses documented all complications according to a protocol. For the purpose of comparison, we had a control group of neurologically disabled children without VPSs, matched for age and operated with VAG. The children did not present with any serious postoperative intra-abdominal complications or central nervous system infection. There was no significant difference in the frequency of minor complications between the studied group and the control group. This study did not reveal that children with VPSs who undergo a VAG button placement are at high risk for infection and subsequent shunt malfunction. They did not have more postoperative problems than a matched control group of neurologically disabled children.
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| 24. |
- Backman, Theo, 1986-
(författare)
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Configuration spaces, props and wheel-free deformation quantization
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main theme of this thesis is higher algebraic structures that come from operads and props.The first chapter is an introduction to the mathematical framework needed for the content of this thesis. The chapter does not contain any new results.The second chapter is concerned with the construction of a configuration space model for a particular 2-colored differential graded operad encoding the structure of two A∞ algebras with two A∞ morphisms and a homotopy between the morphisms. The cohomology of this operad is shown to be the well-known 2-colored operad encoding the structure of two associative algebras and of an associative algebra morphism between them.The third chapter is concerned with deformation quantization of (potentially) infinite dimensional (quasi-)Poisson manifolds. Our proof employs a variation on the transcendental methods pioneered by M. Kontsevich for the finite dimensional case. The first proof of the infinite dimensional case is due to B. Shoikhet. A key feature of the first proof is the construction of a universal L∞ structure on formal polyvector fields. Our contribution is a simplification of B. Shoikhet proof by considering a more natural configuration space and a simpler choice of propagator. The result is also put into a natural context of the dg Lie algebras coming from graph complexes; the L∞ structure is proved to come from a Maurer-Cartan element in the oriented graph complex.The fourth chapter also deals with deformation quantization of (quasi-)Poisson structures in the infinite dimensional setting. Unlike the previous chapter, the methods used here are purely algebraic. Our main theorem is the possibility to deformation quantize quasi-Poisson structures by only using perturbative methods; in contrast to the transcendental methods employed in the previous chapter. We give two proofs of the theorem via the theory of dg operads, dg properads and dg props. We show that there is a dg prop morphism from a prop governing star-products to a dg prop(erad) governing (quasi-)Poisson structures. This morphism gives a theorem about the existence of a deformation quantization of (quasi-)Poisson structure. The proof proceeds by giving an explicit deformation quantization of super-involutive Lie bialgebras and then lifting that to the dg properad governing quasi-Poisson structures. The prop governing star-products was first considered by S.A. Merkulov, but the properad governing quasi-Poisson structures is a new construction.The second proof of the theorem employs the Merkulov-Willwacher polydifferential functor to transfer the problem of finding a morphism of dg props to that of finding a morphism of dg operads.We construct an extension of the well known operad of A∞ algebras such that the representations of it in V are equivalent to an A∞ structure on V[[ħ]]. This new operad is also a minimal model of an operad that can be seen as the extension of the operad of associative algebras by a unary operation. We give an explicit map of operads from the extended associative operad to the operad we get when applying the Merkulov-Willwacher polydifferential functor to the properad of super-involutive Lie bialgebras. Lifting this map so as to go between their respective models gives a new proof of the main theorem.
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| 25. |
- Batalden, Paul B., et al.
(författare)
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Episode 14: Looking back and ahead [podcast]
- 2022
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Paul, Christian, and Tina weave the foundational content for coproducing healthcare service and a frame for thinking. They reflect on several possible additional themes for subsequent attention. They discuss some of the personal tips that have been helpful in their own thinking & work to further the work of coproducing healthcare service. They hint at the exciting challenges they see moving forward
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| 26. |
- Batalden, Paul B., et al.
(författare)
-
Episode 2: The person will see you now [podcast]
- 2021
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Lotta Arvidsson worked with a learning partner to gain insight into the lived reality of someone struggling with congestive heart failure. She was subsequently able to apply some of those approaches to her practice as a primary care physician.Serena Chao found a way to visualize the setting in which her patient’s family was making decisions that relied heavily on the emergency care system. This enabled Serena to identify and implement changes in her geriatric practice to lessen the family’s reliance on emergency care.Paul focuses his takeaways on how to build on the knowledge that Lotta and Serena gained.
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| 27. |
- Berglund-Lake, Håkan, 1953-
(författare)
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Automation and Late Modern Reason
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ethnologia Scandinavica. - Lund : Kungliga Gustav Adolfs Akademien. - 0348-9698 .- 0348-9698. ; 47, s. 179-180
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 28. |
- Berglund, Mikaela
(författare)
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Cell interactions in the CNS and their consequences for neuronal apoptosis
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The central nervous system consists of an intricate network of neurons and glial cells that depend on reciprocal communication to develop and maintain the vital functions of the brain. if the balance is disturbed by injury or disease, two cell types in particular, microglia and astrocytes, respond by producing factors that help combat the infection or delimit the affected area. The microglial response can be beneficial promoting neuronal survival, however it can also cause harm to the surrounding cells. To further investigate this balance, and subsequently for studies of neuronal apoptosis, different cell culture techniques spanning from complex primary co-cultures to one-dimensional cell line studies were applied. Fetal mouse brain cells were dissociated and cultured under gyratory rotation to form three-dimensional aggregates allowing for cell-cell contact between neurons and glia. The aggregates were characterized in respect to cell contents, viability, expression of neural transmitters, and response to mitogens. The aggregates presented a glia:neuron ratio of 1:20 at day 4 changing to 1:4 until day 16, which correlates to the increased postnatal proliferation of glia in vivo. Both neurons and astrocytes matured during the culture period in regard to increased expression of synaptic proteins and GFAP respectively. Treatment of the aggregates with EGF induced proliferation of nestin positive cells that were designated as neural precursor cells due to their ability to renew, propagate, and differentiate into neurons and macroglia. Neural precursor cells were maintained in the aggregates for more than two months in culture. This aggregate culture system provides a useful tool for in vivolike in vitro studies combining cellular complexity with a controlled environment. Studies of neuron-microglia interactions were initiated using a cell line-based model system where SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were co-cultured with THP-1 monocytes. As a means to morphologically detect and quantify potential monocyte-induced neuronal apoptosis, an automated fluorescence imaging system, ImageXpress (IX), was utilized. To validate the system, SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis was induced by rotenone. The treatment resulted in chromatin condensation and nucleus size reduction, parameters that were used in combination with nuclear intensity to distinguish apoptotic cells from normal cells. The IX system proved to be a suitable tool for detecting rotenone-induced neuronal apoptosis. However, activated THP-1 cells did not induce apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells, as detected with the IX system. These results were confirmed by an ELISA-based apoptosis assay. Subsequently, we cultured SH-SY5Y cells in the presence of medium that had been conditioned (CM) by activated THP-1 cells for 24h, hence containing higher levels of potentially neuromodulatory factors than could be achieved in the co-culture experiments. We observed that CM from LPS and LPS+IFN-gamma stimulated monocytes induced neuronal apoptosis in a dose dependent manner. The effect of LPS+IFN-gamma stimulation was partially mediated by TNF-a. We concluded that unphysiological ratios of monocytes to neurons are needed to induce neurotoxicity in this system. Finally, we wanted to investigate whether microglia could rescue damaged neurons from apoptosis, or possibly delay the course. To map a window where apoptosis was initiated, but not committed, SH-SY5Y cells were treated with doses of UV irradiation. We found that activation of JNK and c-Jun was induced early after insult, followed by cytochrome c (cyt c) translocation, cleavage of caspase-3, and ensuing apoptosis. JNK-inhibition induced a 60% reduction in c-Jun phosphorylation (Ser63/Ser73), but did not prevent mitochondrial cyt c release or apoptosis, indicting that JNK is not essential for UV-included apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. We conclude that UV irradiation is a complex stress that may induce multiple mechanisms contributing to apoptosis.
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| 29. |
- Berglund, Mikael
(författare)
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Holocene shore displacement and chronology in Ångermanland, eastern Sweden, the Scandianvian glacio-isostatic uplift centre
- 2004
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Ingår i: Boreas. - : Wiley. - 0300-9483 .- 1502-3885. ; 33:1, s. 48-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The shore displacement during the Holocene in southeastern Ångermanland, Sweden, has been investigated by means of radiocarbon-dating of isolation intervals in sediment cores from a total of nine new basins. Results from earlier investigations have been used in complement. There is a forced regression in the area from c. 9300 BP (c. 10 500 cal. yr BP) until c. 8000 BP (c. 9000 cal. yr BP), on average c. 8 m/100 years, after which there is a gradually slowing regression of c. 2.5-1.0 m/100 years up to the present time. The most rapid regression occurs during the later phase of the Ancylus Lake stage, 9500-9000 cal. yr BP. There is no evidence of halts in the regression. Crustal uplift in the area since deglaciation is c. 310 m. The deglaciation of southeastern Ångermanland took place c. 9300 BP (c. 10 500 cal. yr BP); this is c. 900 years earlier than the age given by clay varve dating. The shore displacement curve provides a means of estimating the difference between the clay varve time scale and calibrated radiocarbon dates, by comparison with varve-dated altitudes of alluvial deltas of the River Ångermanälven. From c. 2500 to c. 8000 cal. BP there is a deficit in clay varves of some 300 years; further back in time this discrepancy increases significantly. The main explanation for the discrepancy is most likely lacking varves in the time-span 8500-10 200 cal. yr BP, located along the upper reaches of River Ångermanälven below the highest shore level
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| 30. |
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