| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Dahlström, Ulf, 1946-
(författare)
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Ödem
- 2018. - 6
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Ingår i: Internmedicin. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147113262 ; , s. 105-106
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 34. |
- Dahlström Wester, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Accumulation of 10B in human synovial sarcoma cells in vitro for possible use in BNCT
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Synovial sarcoma is a distinct tumour with unique promise for targeted therapy. Due to the location and characteristics, boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) might be an interesting alternative treatment regimen. The binary method utilizes the ionizing effects of high energy short-ranged fission particles produced after the capturing of neutrons by stable 10B. This study reports results regarding the accumulation of 10B administered as boronophenylalanine (BPA) in a human synovial sarcoma cell line (4SS) in vitro. 4SS cells were incubated in BPAcontaining cell culture medium and cell-associated boron was analysed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The results show that 4SS cells accumulate boron in a clinical relevant concentration range. Further investigations may state the potential of BNCT as a treatment modality for synovial sarcomas and explore the possibilities of a directed delivery of boron-containing substances to receptors specifically expressed in this malignancy.
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| 35. |
- Dahlström Wester, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Accumulation of boron in human malignant glioma cells in vitro is cell type dependent
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuro-Oncology. - 0167-594X .- 1573-7373. ; 68:3, s. 199-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been shown that human malignant glioma tumours consist of several subpopulations of tumour cells. Due to heterogeneity and different degrees of vascularisation cell subpopulations possess varying resistance to chemo- or radiation therapy. Therefore, therapy is dependent on the ability to specifically target a tumour cell. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a bimodal method, in radiation therapy, taking advantage of the ability of the stable isotope boron-10 to capture neutrons. It results in disintegration products depositing large amounts of energy within a short length, approximately one cell diameter. Thereby, selective irradiation of a target cell may be accomplished if a sufficient amount of boron has been accumulated and hence the cell-associated boron concentration is of critical importance. The accumulation of boron, boronophenylalanine (BPA), was investigated in two human glioma cell subpopulations and a human fibroblast cell line in vitro. The cells were incubated at low boron concentrations (0-5 microg B/ml). Oil filtration was then used for separation of extracellular and cell-associated boron. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) was used for boron determination. Significant (P < 0.05) differences in accumulation ratio (relation between cell-associated and extracellular boron concentration) between human malignant glioma cell lines were found. Human fibroblasts, used to represent normal cells, showed a growth-dependent uptake and a lower accumulation ratio than the glioma cells. Our findings indicate that BPA concentration, incubation time and differences in boron uptake between cell subpopulations should be considered in BNCT.
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| 36. |
- Dahlström Wester, Maria, 1979-
(författare)
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Aspects of Tumour Targeting : Preclinical Studies on Human Malignant Cells in vitro
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Exclusive eradication of tumour cells causing minimal damage to healthy tissue, a concept referred to as targeting, is an interesting approach to improve the outcome for patients afflicted with cancer.The general aim of this thesis was to highlighten aspects that could be of importance in developing novel treatment regimens based on specific targeting of tumour cells. Two variants of targeting strategies, boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) tumour targeting were studied in vitro.In BNCT, the ability of boron-10, 10B, to capture neutrons is utilized. The capture reaction initiate emission of high linear energy transfer (LET) particles which exerts potential damaging effects on exposed cells. A preferential accumulation of at least 10 μg 10B/g tumour tissue is suggested to be required for effective clinical outcome. Here, the accumulation of boronophenylalanine, BPA, was investigated in human glioma, synovial sarcoma, fibroblast and monocytoid cells in vitro. For the purpose of quick and effective separation of extracellular and cell-associated boron, a rapid cell filtration method was developed. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, ICP-AES, was used to analyse the amount of boron associated to the cells.Over-expression of PDGFRs may render the possibility to target certain tumours using PDGF-based conjugates for a specific delivery of cytotoxic agents. PDGF-AA was conjugated to dextran of two different sizes, 10 and 40 kDa, and compared with 125I-radiolabelled PDGF-AA regarding accumulation, retention and localisation in human glioma cells in vitro.A boron concentration of >10 μg 10B/g tumour tissue was found in all human cell lines studied. For the two glioma cell lines, the results extend differences between the two although originating from the same human tumour material. Since fibroblasts and monocytoid cells, here used to represent normal cells, accumulated boron at a clinically relevant amount one may have to consider the role of these cells in/at the tumour site during treatment. Regarding results for the human synovial sarcoma cells, further investigations may state the potential of BNCT as a treatment modality and explore the possibilities of a directed delivery of boron-containing substances to receptors specifically expressed in this malignancy.PDGF-AA-based dextran conjugates, preferentially 10 kDa dextran conjugates, showed in vitro properties that were superior to radiolabelled unconjugated PDGF-AA. A prolonged retention time was observed for the conjugates. Radiolabelled PDGF-AA was mainly determined to be located intracellular but the localisation, internalised or membrane-associated, of radiolabelled conjugates seemed to be dependent on the composition of the conjugate. It is of interest to explore the potential of dextran conjugates carrying toxic substances for therapeutic purpose.
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| 37. |
- de Savigny, Don, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating community-based verbal autopsy into civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) : system-level considerations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Global Health Action. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1654-9716 .- 1654-9880. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Reliable and representative cause of death (COD) statistics are essential to inform public health policy, respond to emerging health needs, and document progress towards Sustainable Development Goals. However, less than one-third of deaths worldwide are assigned a cause. Civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems in low-and lowermiddle-income countries are failing to provide timely, complete and accurate vital statistics, and it will still be some time before they can provide physician-certified COD for every death.Proposals: Verbal autopsy (VA) is a method to ascertain the probable COD and, although imperfect, it is the best alternative in the absence of medical certification. There is extensive experience with VA in research settings but only a few examples of its use on a large scale. Data collection using electronic questionnaires on mobile devices and computer algorithms to analyse responses and estimate probable COD have increased the potential for VA to be routinely applied in CRVS systems. However, a number of CRVS and health system integration issues should be considered in planning, piloting and implementing a system-wide intervention such as VA. These include addressing the multiplicity of stakeholders and sub-systems involved, integration with existing CRVS work processes and information flows, linking VA results to civil registration records, information technology requirements and data quality assurance.Conclusions: Integrating VA within CRVS systems is not simply a technical undertaking. It will have profound system-wide effects that should be carefully considered when planning for an effective implementation. This paper identifies and discusses the major system-level issues and emerging practices, provides a planning checklist of system-level considerations and proposes an overview for how VA can be integrated into routine CRVS systems.
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| 38. |
- de Schipper, Elles, et al.
(författare)
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A comprehensive scoping review of ability and disability in ADHD using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY)
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 24:8, s. 859-872
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is the first in a series of four empirical investigations to develop International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Sets for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The objective here was to use a comprehensive scoping review approach to identify the concepts of functional ability and disability used in the scientific ADHD literature and link these to the nomenclature of the ICF-CY. Systematic searches were conducted using Medline/PubMed, PsycINFO, ERIC and Cinahl, to extract the relevant concepts of functional ability and disability from the identified outcome studies of ADHD. These concepts were then linked to ICF-CY by two independent researchers using a standardized linking procedure. Data from identified studies were analysed until saturation of ICF-CY categories was reached. Eighty studies were included in the final analysis. Concepts contained in these studies were linked to 128 ICF-CY categories. Of these categories, 68 were considered to be particularly relevant to ADHD (i.e., identified in at least 5 % of the studies). Of these, 32 were related to Activities and participation, 31 were related to Body functions, and five were related to environmental factors. The five most frequently identified categories were school education (53 %), energy and drive functions (50 %), psychomotor functions (50 %), attention functions (49 %), and emotional functions (45 %). The broad variety of ICF-CY categories identified in this study underlines the necessity to consider ability and disability in ADHD across all dimensions of life, for which the ICF-CY provides a valuable and universally applicable framework. These results, in combination with three additional preparatory studies (expert survey, focus groups, clinical study), will provide a scientific basis to define the ICF Core Sets for ADHD for multi-purpose use in basic and applied research, and every day clinical practice.
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| 39. |
- Devendran, Aarthi Aishwarya, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of Urban Growth Modeling Using Deep Belief and Neural Network Based Cellular Automata Model : A Case Study of Chennai Metropolitan Area, Tamil Nadu, India
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Geographic Information System. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2151-1950 .- 2151-1969. ; 11:1, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban Growth Models (UGMs) are very essential for a sustainable development of a city as they predict the future urbanization based on the presentscenario. Neural Network based Cellular Automata models have proved topredict the urban growth more close to reality. Recently, deep learning basedtechniques are being used for the prediction of urban growth. In this currentstudy, urban growth of Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA) of 2017 was predicted using Neural Network based Cellular Automata (NN-CA) model andDeep belief based Cellular Automata (DB-CA) model using 2010 and 2013urban maps. Since the study area experienced congested type of urbangrowth, “Existing Built-Up” of 2013 alone was used as the agent of urbanization to predict urban growth in 2017. Upon validating, DB-CA model provedto be the better model, as it predicted 524.14 km2 of the study area as urbanwith higher accuracy (kappa co-efficient: 0.73) when compared to NN-CAmodel which predicted only 502.42 km2 as urban (kappa co-efficient: 0.71),while the observed urban cover of CMA in 2017 was 572.11 km2. This studyalso aimed at analyzing the effects of different types of neighbourhood configurations (Rectangular: 3 × 3, 5 × 5, 7 × 7 and Circular: 3 × 3) on the prediction output based on DB-CA model. To understand the direction and type ofthe urban growth, the study area was divided into five distance based zoneswith the State Secretariat as the center and entropy values were calculated forthe zones. Results reveal that Chennai Corporation and its periphery experience congested urbanization whereas areas away from the Corporationboundary follow dispersed type of urban growth in 2017.
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| 40. |
- Devendran, Aarthi Aishwarya, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of Municipal Waste Streams in Achieving Urban Circularity in the City of Curitiba, Brazil
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 15:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The municipal solid waste (MSW) remains a great challenge in most cities of developing countries, as the majority of the generated waste is either not collected or is dumped in open uncontrolled non-engineered landfill sites, creating significant pollution due to the leakage of landfill leachate in the surrounding environment. In developing countries, a complete transition to a zero-landfill scenario is less likely to happen in the near future due to various socio-economic challenges. Therefore, the existing landfills in developing countries need holistic waste management thinking with more efforts on waste to energy conversions. This study highlights the challenges with existing MSW management practices of Curitiba, Brazil, and suggests some holistic and sustainable landfill management techniques. This is accomplished through the (i) identification of the suitable sites for setting up transfer stations (TSs), (ii) route optimization for MSW transportation, and (iii) analysis of the life expectancy of the existing landfill with waste valorization techniques for enhancing circularity of MSW of the city. The study has identified six potential TSs, making use of various geological criteria and constraints as suggested by the United States Environmental Protection Agency using GIS-based spatial analysis, which could save fuel cost of approximately 1.5 million Brazilian Real (BRL) per year for the solid waste transportation (from the source to the landfill site). This research has also made a value addition in this specific field with the preparation of a digitized road network map of the study region. Further, the sensitivity-based scenario analysis highlights that the lifespan of the existing landfill (until 2030) might be extended to 2058 if the city achieves the targeted recycling rate of 85% compared with the current rate of 23%. The results would be useful for policy-makers to adopt the crucial MSW scenario to achieve a circular economy in the waste management of the city of Curitiba.
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