| 341. |
- Johansson, Mattias, 1975
(författare)
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Value creation and the challenge of joining forces: Evidence from open innovation and mergers and acquisitions
- 2022
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Value creation is pivotal for organizational survival, growth, and competitiveness. The topic has attracted a growing interest from scholars looking for new ways to analyze how firms create value for themselves and their stakeholders. The means of value creation involve a wide array of strategies, tools, and forms of interaction. Focusing on the challenges of joining forces, this thesis explores two commonly used practices in collaboration with others to create value: mergers and acquisitions (M&A) and open innovation (OI). Both practices are highly complex. Despite the common use, they often fail to deliver the intended outcome, for example, in terms of synergies, complementarities, and increased efficiency. This thesis consists of two empirical papers and an introductory chapter. The themes discussed in each of the enclosed papers investigates value creation and the challenges of joining forces with other organizations. Paper 1 introduces a novel business model lens to study post-merger integration in M&As. This study combines firm-level case study research (in the European material handling industry) on business models and M&A to explore how differences in business models affect value creation and synergy realization during postmerger integration. The case evidence suggests that business model congruence – the fit between merging business models, achieved through the careful stitching of business model components into a value-creating system – is a critical factor impacting post-merger integration. Paper 2 focuses on OI and explores the challenges to successful value creation in partnerships between large and small firms. Based on field studies and interview data, I uncover distinct challenges that large and small firms experience and what tactics can be used to address such challenges. This thesis contributes to the understanding of what impacts value creation when organizations join forces through M&A and OI. Emphasizing two common collaborative strategies with a novel theoretical approach allowed me to investigate the mechanisms for value creation at a more granular level than previously examined. The combined theme of the thesis adds to M&A, OI and strategic management literature by providing relevant insights on the impact of interorganizational relations and organizational differences on collaborative strategies. By integrating business models into the M&A literature, I expand the concept of strategic fit, offering an opportunity to rethink how synergies are created. My approach of focusing on OI partnerships between large and small firms contributes to the understanding of how value is created in a collaborative context by identifying how large and small firms engage in collaboration with very different perspectives and capabilities. Factors that, if not mitigated, hamper the relationship and intended value creation, respectively. Having identified these relational challenges, I present remedies that seek to establish mutual trust from the start of the partnership. By contributing to a new understanding of common strategies for creating value in collaboration with others, I derive implications for strategic similarity, synergy realization, and OI.
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| 342. |
- Elerud-Tryde, Anne, 1985
(författare)
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Innovation jams as vehicles for innovation
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis investigates the emerging phenomenon of the innovation jam, and its use by large firms. Innovation jams allow firms to engage with new actors (e.g. employees, customers, lead users) across company and geographical boundaries, and to direct innovative activity in novel ways. Despite the increasing use and popularity of innovation jams by firms, they have received relatively little scholarly attention compared to other, similar collective practices to promote innovation. Moreover, the previous literature focuses primarily on innovation jams as a vehicle for idea generation and knowledge creation while in order to realize an innovation, the firm needs to integrate the knowledge which calls for an extended perspective on this topic. While innovation jams offer many opportunities to firms, their use also challenges the firm’s established development practices. Previous studies rarely link them to firms’ established development practices and other business activities. There is a need to understand an innovation jam as a situated practice, in order to better understand how it interacts with the surrounding organization. The aim of this thesis is to explore the innovation jam as a potential vehicle for innovation in large, established firms. To do so, the thesis draws on data from four exploratory case studies: three in-depth, single case studies, and one multiple case study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and observations over the period 2011 to 2016. This thesis proposes to view an innovation jam as a dual search process: on the one hand, a series of knowledge search and knowledge creation activities, and on the other hand, a series of activities to achieve commitment from the firm's employees and managers. The thesis points also to a feedback loop which emerges between innovation jams which shapes further search for knowledge, and how problems for local search are formulated and defined. As a result of this feedback loop, innovation jam problems will tend to converge towards well-known problem definitions. In order for an innovation jam to become a vehicle for innovation, firms could benefit from considering how well the knowledge attributes required to solve a problem corresponds with the firms’ existing knowledge base, on the one hand, and with the firms’ established coordination mechanisms, on the other hand. This thesis points also to that firms implementing and using an innovation jam, can benefit from reframing problems to ‘fit’ with the firm’s established language, the development of new evaluation criteria, and adjustments to a firm’s strategy.
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| 343. |
- Ó Broin, Eoin, 1973
(författare)
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Modelling energy demand in the buildings sector within the EU
- 2012
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the on-going effort within the EU to tackle greenhouse gas emissions and secure future energy supplies, the buildings sector is often referred to as offering a large potential for energy savings. The aim of this thesis is to produce scenarios that highlight the parameters that affect the energy demands and thus potentials for savings of the building sector. Top-down and bottom-up approaches to modelling energy demand in EU buildings are applied in this thesis. The top-down approach uses econometrics to establish the historical contribution of various parameters to energy demands for space and water heating in the residential sectors of four EU countries. The bottom-up approach models the explicit impact of trends in energy efficiency improvement on total energy demand in the EU buildings stock. The two approaches are implemented independently, i.e., the results from the top-down studies do not feed into those from the bottom-up studies or vice versa. The explanatory variables used in the top-down approach are: energy prices; heating degree days, as a proxy for outdoor climate; a linear time trend, as a proxy for technology development; and the lag of energy demand, as a proxy for inertia in the system. In this case, inertia refers to the time it takes to replace space and water heating systems in reaction to price changes. The analysis gives long-term price elasticities of demand as follows: for France, -0.17; for Italy, -0.35; for Sweden, -0.27; and for the UK, -0.35. These results reveal that the price elasticity of demand for space and water heating is inelastic in each of these cases. Nonetheless, scenarios created for the period up to 2050 using these elasticities and an annual price increase of 3 % show that demand can be reduced by more than 1 % per year in France and Sweden and by less than 1 % per year in Italy and the UK. In the bottom-up modelling, varying rates for conversion efficiencies, heating standards for new buildings, end-use efficiency, and fuel mixes are applied in three scenarios. The rates for expansion of floor area and increases in living standards are the same for all the scenarios. The model outputs predict that if energy efficiency remains at the current level, then expansion of the building floor area and other increases in living standards would increase final energy demand in the EU by almost 70 % by 2050. The other two scenarios reveal the levels of improvements in efficiency that are needed to maintain energy demand at current rates or reduce it by 20 %. The results of the modelling provide a conceptual framework for the development of fiscal and regulatory policy decisions in relation to energy prices and various categories of energy efficiency measures, with the overall objective of meeting future demand for energy services of the building sector within the EU in a sustainable manner.
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| 344. |
- Bokrantz, Jon, 1988
(författare)
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Smart Maintenance - maintenance in digitalised manufacturing
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- What does digitalised manufacturing entail for maintenance organizations? This is a pressing question for practitioners and scholars within industrial maintenance management who are trying to figure out the best ways for responding to the rapid advancement of digital technologies. As technology moves faster than ever before, this is an urgent matter of uttermost importance. Specifically, in order to secure the success of highly automated, intelligent, connected and responsive production systems, industrial maintenance organizations need to transform to become leading enablers of high performance manufacturing in digitalised environments. In this thesis, this transformation is referred to as “Smart Maintenance”. The purpose of this thesis is to ensure high performance manufacturing in digitalised environments by enabling the adoption of Smart Maintenance. In order to stimulate adoption, a holistic understanding of Smart Maintenance is needed. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to describe future scenarios for maintenance in digitalised manufacturing as well as to conceptualize and operationalize Smart Maintenance. The holistic understanding has been achieved through a phenomenon-driven research approach consisting of three empirical studies using multiple methods. Potential changes for maintenance organizations in digitalised manufacturing are described in 34 projections for the year 2030. From these projections, eight probable scenarios are developed that describe the most probable future for maintenance organizations. In addition, three wildcard scenarios describe eventualities that are less probable, but which could have large impacts. These scenarios serve as input to the long-term strategic development of maintenance organizations. Smart Maintenance is defined as “an organizational design for managing maintenance of manufacturing plants in environments with pervasive digital technologies” and has four core dimensions: data-driven decision-making, human capital resource, internal integration and external integration. Manufacturing plants adopting Smart Maintenance are likely to face implementation issues related to change, investments and interfaces, but the rewards are improved performance along multiple dimensions when internal and external fit have been achieved. Smart Maintenance is operationalized by means of an empirical measurement instrument. The instrument consists of a set of questionnaire items that measure the four dimensions of Smart Maintenance. It can be used by practitioners to assess, benchmark and longitudinally evaluate Smart Maintenance in their organization, and it can be used by researchers to study how Smart Maintenance impacts performance. This thesis has the potential to have a profound impact on the practice of industrial maintenance management. The scenarios described allow managers to see the bigger picture of digitalisation and consider changes that they might otherwise ignore. The rich, understandable, and action-inspiring conceptualization of Smart Maintenance brings clarity to practitioners and policy-makers, supporting them in developing implementation strategies and initiatives to elevate the use of Smart Maintenance. The measurement instrument makes it possible to measure the adoption of Smart Maintenance in manufacturing plants, which serves to develop evidence-based strategies for successful implementation. Taken together, the holistic understanding achieved in this thesis enables the adoption of Smart Maintenance, thereby ensuring high performance manufacturing in digitalised environments.
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| 345. |
- Bryngelsson, David, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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A conceptual partial equilibrium model of global agricultural land use
- 2012
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We introduce a conceptual partial equilibrium model of global agricultural land use, based on heterogenous land quality--an area that has received less theoretical attention than location theory. The model is based on maximization of land rent at each parcel through choice of crop and input intensity. Mechanisms of land rent and land-use competition are illustrated in a transparent way, which can be used for e.g. policy testing and for improved understanding of results from larger land-use models. A strength with this approach is that the model to a large extent can be analytically explored. We show how different crops are optimally distributed on land according to their respective area-dependent cost, i.e. costs paid per area regardless of yield. Crops with high such costs are grown on more productive land and crops with low such costs are grown on less productive land, in equilibrium. The equilibrium solution of the model is unique. Further we show how prices are connected between crops that compete for land.
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| 346. |
- Baena-Moreno, Francisco, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Circular Economy Processes for CO2 Capture and Utilization
- 2023
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Circular Economy Processes for CO2 Capture and Utilization: Strategies and Case-Studies presents an innovative resource or integrating carbon capture, storage and utilization into the sustainable circular economy of the future. Split into two parts, the book offers readers a grounding in the fundamentals of the circular economy and the potential contribution of CCS. Strategies for implementing CCS into a circular economy are explained, with benefits and limitations analyzed. The book then offers a gallery of case studies from the newest research in the area, allowing readers to access lessons learned and critical considerations for integrating CCS into the circular economy. Marrying theory and practice for a holistic perspective, this book offers readers an essential guide to theorizing and implementing a sustainable future economy that utilizes the full potential of carbon capture.
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| 347. |
- Berglind Söderqvist, Johannes, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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How to enable leadership among self-organizing developers
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper addresses leadership in relation to self-organization and coordination both within and between groups. We draw on the work of Crevani et al. (2010) who conceptualize leadership as emergent from relations in terms of co-orientation and action-spacing and study two comparable cases in two different product development organizations. Both cases concern individuals who assume the responsibility of enabling leadership in groups rather than being the leaders themselves. One of the cases concerns groups of representatives that gather temporarily to coordinate specific inter-group dependencies and the other case concerns self-organizing work groups that are stable over time. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and interviews, patterns of practice are identified that are used to enable co-orientation and action-spacing both in intra- and inter-group coordination.
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| 348. |
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| 349. |
- Lackéus, Martin, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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The entrepreneurial employee in public and private sector - What, Why, How
- 2020
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This science-for-policy report has aimed to clarify what it means for employees to be entrepreneurial. The employee perspective is rare in corporate and public entrepreneurship literature. This is both unexpected and unfortunate, since entrepreneurial processes are championed by small teams of highly devoted individuals, who in turn solicit support and participation from a large number of people internally and externally. Reasons for the current bias towards structures, managers and processes include a number of flawed myths and a static view of the entrepreneurial individual. Breaking away from these prevailing views, we have here been able to outline detailed and actionable recommendations for employees who want (or need) to become more entrepreneurial. It is our hope that this report can help both employees and managers in private and public sectors in their pursuit towards a more prosperous and successful future for their organisations, colleagues, customers, clients, for citizens or other stakeholders in general, and for themselves.
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| 350. |
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