401. |
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402. |
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403. |
- Johansson, Börje, et al.
(författare)
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Commuters' non-linear response to time distances
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Geographical Systems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-5930 .- 1435-5949. ; 5:3, s. 315-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Established analyses of labour market commuting are based on random choice models and gravity type models. In these models generalised transport costs are formulated as exponential or log-linear distance dependent functions. This paper presents empirical observations, which imply that time distances influence the commuting behaviour in a non-linear way, such that the time sensitivity is much lower for very short and long distances, whereas intermediate distances display a high time sensitivity. This is explained in a model that is parameterised and estimated. The results are important for understanding and predicting commuter behaviour. It also helps to delineate space, as in classical traditions, into local, intra-regional and extra-regional space.
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404. |
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405. |
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406. |
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407. |
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408. |
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409. |
- Johansson, Börje, 1945-
(författare)
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Generation and diffusion of innovation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Handbook of Regional Science. - Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783642234293 - 9783642234309 ; , s. 391-412
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Generation and diffusion of innovation are two distinct processes that are interlinked in several ways. First, innovation efforts of firms are stimulated by the diffusion of innovation ideas. Second, the market penetration of successful product innovations diffuse to user firms and consumers, providing users opportunities to adopt novel routines and to imitate new designs. Third, creative destruction develops when a novel product finds its way to customers and replaces earlier product vintages, and this phenomenon has the nature of a substitution process. All these processes are supported by knowledge flows which vary in intensity and diversity across the innovation milieu of functional regions. It is concluded that the milieu characteristics which stimulate innovation also stimulate adoption of novelties.
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410. |
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