| 31. |
- Collins, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Bridging different realities-a qualitative study on patients' experiences of preoperative care for benign hysterectomy and opportunistic salpingectomy in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Women's Health. - : BMC. - 1472-6874. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Hysterectomy is a common procedure worldwide and removing healthy fallopian tubes at the time of hysterectomy (opportunistic salpingectomy) to possibly prevent ovarian cancer is increasing in frequency, but still controversial. The experiences and perceptions of women, eligible for the procedure, have not been previously investigated. This study aims to, among women waiting to undergo hysterectomy, explore i) experiences and perceptions of self and healthcare in relation to their elective surgery, ii) perceptions of risks and benefits of hysterectomy, including opportunistic salpingectomy.Methods: A qualitative study, with focus group discussions including women < 55 years, planned for hysterectomy with ovarian preservation, was performed. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling from six gynecological departments in different parts of Sweden, including both country and university hospitals. Focus group discussions were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide, digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed by qualitative manifest and latent content analysis.Results: Twenty-one Swedish-speaking women participated. They were 40-53 years of age, reported varying educational levels, countries of birth and indications for hysterectomy. Analysis rendered a theme "Bridging different realities" over four categories: "Being a woman today", "Experiencing and managing body failure", "Navigating the healthcare system" and "Processing continuously until surgery", including 17 subcategories. The participants displayed varying attitudes towards the significance of their uterus in being a woman. A vague understanding of their body was described, leading to fear related to the reasons for surgery as well as surgery itself. Participants described difficulties understanding and recalling information but also stated that insufficient information was provided. Perceptions of the risks and benefits of opportunistic salpingectomy varied. Involvement in decisions regarding the hysterectomy and potential opportunistic salpingectomy was perceived to be dependent on the counselling gynecologist.Conclusions: The theme Bridging different realities captures the complexity of women deciding on removal of their uterus, and possibly fallopian tubes. It also describes the women's interactions with healthcare and perceived difference between the health professionals and the women's perception of the situation, as viewed by the women. Bridging the different realities faced by patients is required to enable shared decision-making, through sufficient support from healthcare.
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| 32. |
- Creaby, Mark W., et al.
(författare)
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Frontal plane kinematics predict three-dimensional hip adduction during running
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Therapy in Sport. - : Elsevier BV. - 1466-853X. ; 27, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To investigate if frontal plane kinematics are predictive of three dimensional (3D) hip adduction and hip internal rotation during running. Study design Cross-sectional. Setting Biomechanics laboratory. Participants Thirty healthy male runners aged 18–45 years. Main outcome measures Two dimensional (2D) angles in the frontal plane (peak pelvic obliquity, peak hip adduction, peak femoral valgus, peak knee valgus and peak tibial valgus) and 3D hip adduction and hip internal rotation during stance phase of running were obtained. Results Linear regression modelling revealed that peak 2D pelvic obliquity (a drop towards the contralateral leg) and peak femoral valgus significantly predicted 88% of the variance in peak 3D hip adduction (p < 0.001). Frontal plane kinematics however, were not predictive of peak hip internal rotation in 3D (p > 0.05). Conclusions Frontal plane kinematics, specifically contralateral pelvic drop and femoral valgus, predicted the vast majority of the variance in 3D hip adduction during the stance phase of running. This indicates that 2D video may have potential as a clinically feasible proxy for measurement of peak 3D hip adduction – a risk factor for patellofemoral pain.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Devotta, Ashwin Moris, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Finite element modelling and characterisation of chip curl in nose turning process
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Machining and Machinability of Materials. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1748-572X. ; 19:3, s. 277-295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Finite element (FE) modelling of machining provide valuable insights into its deformation mechanics. Evaluating an FE model predicted chip morphology requires characterisation of chip shape, chip curl and chip flow angles. In this study, a chip morphology characterisation methodology is developed using computed tomography (CT), high-speed imaging and Kharkevich model equations enabling evaluation of FE model’s chip morphology prediction accuracy. Chip formation process in nose turning of AISI 1045 steel is simulated using a 3D FE model for varying feed rate and depth of cut and evaluated against experimental investigations using the employed methodology. The study shows that the methodology is able to characterise chip morphology in nose turning process accurately and enables evaluation of FE model’s chip morphology prediction accuracy. This can enable the finite element model to be deployed in cutting tool design for chip breaker geometry design.
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| 35. |
- Devotta, Ashwin Moris, 1984-
(författare)
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Improved finite element modelingfor chip morphology prediction inmachining of C45E steel
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Within the manufacturing of metallic components, machining plays an important role and is of vital significance to ensure process reliability. From a cutting tool design perspective, physics-based numerical modeling that can predict chip morphology is highly necessary to design tool macro geometry. The chip morphology describes the chip shape geometry and the chip curl geometry. Improved chip morphology prediction increases process reliability by improved chip breakability and effective chip evacuation.To this end, in this work, a platform is developed to compare a numerical model'schip morphology prediction with experimental results. The investigated cuttingprocesses are orthogonal cutting process and nose turning process. Numerical models that simulate the chip formation process are used to predict the chip morphology accompanied by machining experiments. Computed tomography isused to scan the chips obtained from machining experiments evaluating its ability to capture the chip morphology variation. For the nose turning process, chip curl parameters need to be calculated during the cutting process. Kharkevich model is utilized in this regard for calculating the 'chip in process' chip curl parameters. High-speed videography is used to measure the chip side-flow angle during thecutting process experiments enabling comparison with physics-based model predictions.With regards to chip shape predictability, the numerical models that simulate the chip formation process are improved by improving the flow stress models and evaluating advanced damage models. The workpiece material, C45E steel, arecharacterized using Gleeble thermo-mechanical simulator. The obtained flow stress is modeled using phenomenological flow stress models. Existing phenomenological flow stress models are modified to improve their accuracy. The fracture initiation strain component of damage models' influence on the prediction of transition from continuous chip to segmented chip is studied. The flow stress models and the damage models are implemented in the numerical models through FORTRAN subroutines. The prediction of continuous to segmented chip transitions are evaluated for varying rake angles and feed rate ata constant cutting velocity.The results from the numerical model evaluation platform show that the methodology provides the framework where an advance in numerical models is evaluated reliably from a 'chip morphology prediction capability' viewpoint forthe nose turning process. The numerical modeling results show that the chip curl variation for varying cutting conditions is predicted qualitatively. The flow stress curves obtained through Gleeble thermo-mechanical simulator show dynamic strain aging presence in specific temperature -strain rate ranges. The results of the phenomenological model modification show their ability to incorporate the dynamic strain aging influence. The modified phenomenological model improvesthe accuracy of the numerical models' prediction accuracy. The flow stress models combined with advanced damage model can predict the transition from continuous to segmented chip. Within damage model, the fracture initiation strain component is observed to influence the continuous chip to segmented chip transition and chip segmentation intensity for varying rake angle and feed rate and at a constant cutting velocity.
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| 36. |
- Devotta, Ashwin Moris, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting Continuous Chip to Segmented Chip Transition in Orthogonal Cutting of C45E Steel through Damage Modeling
- 2020
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Ingår i: Metals. - : MDPI. - 2075-4701. ; 10:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Machining process modeling has been an active endeavor for more than a century and it has been reported to be able to predict industrially relevant process outcomes. Recent advances in the fundamental understanding of material behavior and material modeling aids in improving the sustainability of industrial machining process. In this work, the flow stress behavior of C45E steel is modeled by modifying the well-known Johnson-Cook model that incorporates the dynamic strain aging (DSA) influence. The modification is based on the Voyiadjis-Abed-Rusinek (VAR) material model approach. The modified JC model provides the possibility for the first time to include DSA influence in chip formation simulations. The transition from continuous to segmented chip for varying rake angle and feed at constant cutting velocity is predicted while using the ductile damage modeling approach with two different fracture initiation strain models (Autenrieth fracture initiation strain model and Karp fracture initiation strain model). The result shows that chip segmentation intensity and frequency is sensitive to fracture initiation strain models. The Autenrieth fracture initiation strain model can predict the transition from continuous to segmented chip qualitatively. The study shows the transition from continuous chip to segmented chip for varying feed rates and rake angles for the first time. The study highlights the need for material testing at strain, strain rate, and temperature prevalent in the machining process for the development of flow stress and fracture models.
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