| 1. |
- Fridberg, Marie, et al.
(author)
-
Protein expression and cellular localization in two prognostic subgroups of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma : higher expression of ZAP70 and PKC-beta II in the non-germinal center group and poor survival in patients deficient in nuclear PTEN
- 2007
-
In: Leukemia and Lymphoma. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1042-8194 .- 1029-2403. ; 48:11, s. 2221-2232
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Patients diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) show varying responses to conventional therapy, and this might be contributed to the differentiation stage of the tumor B-cells. The aim of the current study was to evaluate a panel of kinases (ZAP70, PKC-β I and II and phosphorylated PKB/Akt) and phosphatases (PTEN, SHP1 and SHP2) known to be frequently deregulated in lymphoid malignancies. De novo DLBCL cases were divided into two subgroups, the germinal center (GC) group (14/28) and the non-germinal center (non-GC) or activated B-cell (ABC) group (14/28). ZAP70 and PKC-β II were expressed in a significantly higher percentage of tumor cells in the clinically more aggressive non-GC group compared with the prognostically favourable GC group. Also, the subcellular localization of PKC-β I and II differed in DLBCL cells, with the PKC-β I isoform being expressed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, while PKC-β II was found exclusively in the cytoplasm. Loss of nuclear PTEN correlated with poor survival in cases from both subgroups. In addition, five cell lines of DLBCL origin were analyzed for protein expression and for mRNA levels of PTEN and SHP1. For the first time, we show that ZAP70 is expressed in a higher percentage of tumor cells in the aggressive non-GC subgroup of DLBCL and that PKC-β I and II are differently distributed in the two prognostic subgroups of de novo DLBCL.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Larsson, Bengt, et al.
(author)
-
Molecular oxygen in the rho Ophiuchi cloud
- 2007
-
In: Astronomy & Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 466:3, s. 5-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context: Molecular oxygen, O2, has been expected historically to be an abundant component of the chemical species in molecular clouds and, as such, an important coolant of the dense interstellar medium. However, a number of attempts from both ground and from space have failed to detect O2 emission.Aims: The work described here uses heterodyne spectroscopy from space to search for molecular oxygen in the interstellar medium. Methods: The Odin satellite carries a 1.1 m sub-millimeter dish and a dedicated 119 GHz receiver for the ground state line of O2. Starting in 2002, the star forming molecular cloud core ρ Oph A was observed with Odin for 34 days during several observing runs.Results: We detect a spectral line at v_LSR =+3.5 km s-1 with Δ v_FWHM=1.5 km s-1, parameters which are also common to other species associated with ρ Oph A. This feature is identified as the O2 (NJ = 11 - 1_0) transition at 118 750.343 MHz.Conclusions: The abundance of molecular oxygen, relative to H{2} , is 5 × 10-8 averaged over the Odin beam. This abundance is consistently lower than previously reported upper limits.Based on observations with Odin, a Swedish-led satellite project funded jointly by the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB), the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the National Technology Agency of Finland (Tekes) and Centre National d'Étude Spatiale (CNES). The Swedish Space Corporation has been the industrial prime contractor and also is operating the satellite. Appendix A is only available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.org
|
|
| 4. |
- Lesser, Alice, 1977-
(author)
-
Optimal and Hereditarily Optimal Realizations of Metric Spaces
- 2007
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This PhD thesis, consisting of an introduction, four papers, and some supplementary results, studies the problem of finding an optimal realization of a given finite metric space: a weighted graph which preserves the metric's distances and has minimal total edge weight. This problem is known to be NP-hard, and solutions are not necessarily unique.It has been conjectured that extremally weighted optimal realizations may be found as subgraphs of the hereditarily optimal realization Γd, a graph which in general has a higher total edge weight than the optimal realization but has the advantages of being unique, and possible to construct explicitly via the tight span of the metric.In Paper I, we prove that the graph Γd is equivalent to the 1-skeleton of the tight span precisely when the metric considered is totally split-decomposable. For the subset of totally split-decomposable metrics known as consistent metrics this implies that Γd is isomorphic to the easily constructed Buneman graph.In Paper II, we show that for any metric on at most five points, any optimal realization can be found as a subgraph of Γd.In Paper III we provide a series of counterexamples; metrics for which there exist extremally weighted optimal realizations which are not subgraphs of Γd. However, for these examples there also exists at least one optimal realization which is a subgraph.Finally, Paper IV examines a weakened conjecture suggested by the above counterexamples: can we always find some optimal realization as a subgraph in Γd? Defining extremal optimal realizations as those having the maximum possible number of shortest paths, we prove that any embedding of the vertices of an extremal optimal realization into Γd is injective. Moreover, we prove that this weakened conjecture holds for the subset of consistent metrics which have a 2-dimensional tight span
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
