| 31. |
- Agrawal, Tarun, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Supply chain visibility: A Delphi study on managerial perspectives and priorities
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 62:8, s. 2927-2942
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Visibility across supply chains has been a key concern for organisations for many years, but the tools and information systems to achieve real-time visibility have not been available until recently. In response to uncertainty and complexity, advanced information and communication technologies have been explored for supply chain visibility (SCV). However, managerial perspectives are largely absent from the current literature. In response, this paper systematically documents managerial factors influencing SCV and information that should be collected and shared among supply chain partners for better visibility. A multi-stage Delphi analysis was conducted with 26 supply chain experts from various globally recognised enterprises with manufacturing units located worldwide. The results provide details on prioritised managerial perspectives and experiences within (1) factors affecting SCV (drivers, enablers, challenges and contingencies), (2) SCV content (supplier, internal and customer information) and (3) implications of SCV (capabilities and performance effects). One observation was that forecasting is not deemed as important due to severe disruptions in supply chains. Real-time visibility for better predictability emerged as the top priority. This study is among the few that empirically explores factors influencing supply chain visibility and generates new insights into why barriers can be difficult to overcome in complex supply chain settings.
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| 32. |
- Aguilera Medina, Luis, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of lithium salt doping on the nanostructure of ionic liquids
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9084 .- 1463-9076. ; 17:40, s. 27082-27087
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work we report on the evolution of the structure of two model ionic liquid families, N-alkyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium (Pyr1n-TFSI) and 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium (CnMIm-TFSI) (n = 3, 4, 6 and 8) both containing the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) anion, upon the addition of LiTFSI using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The introduction of a lithium salt (Li-salt) tunes the interactions through the substitution of the large cation in the ionic liquid with the small and charge localized lithium ion, thus increasing the coulombic contribution from ion-ion interactions. We find that the introduction of lithium ions results in a restructuring of the polar groups in the ionic liquids. These changes are manifested as an increase in the correlation lengths related to charge alternation of the ions and a more disordered structure. This restructuring is interpreted as a reconfiguration of the anions as they coordinate to the small and ionic lithium. In contrast, the length scale of the mesoscopic heterogeneities related to the clustering of alkyl chains is virtually unchanged with lithium doping. Moreover, the correlation corresponding to alkyl chain domains becomes more well defined with increasing salt concentration, suggesting that Li-salt doping, i.e. an increased columbic interaction in the system, promotes clustering of the alkyl tails.
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| 33. |
- Ahlgren, Serina, et al.
(författare)
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Review of methodological choices in LCA of biorefinery systems - key issues and recommendations
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining. - : Wiley. - 1932-1031 .- 1932-104X. ; 9:5, s. 606-619
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current trend in biomass conversion technologies is toward more efficient utilization of biomass feedstock in multiproduct biorefineries. Many life-cycle assessment (LCA) studies of biorefinery systems have been performed but differ in how they use the LCA methodology. Based on a review of existing LCA standards and guidelines, this paper provides recommendations on how to handle key methodological issues when performing LCA studies of biorefinery systems. Six key issues were identified: (i) goal definition, (ii) functional unit, (iii) allocation of biorefinery outputs, (iv) allocation of biomass feedstock, (v) land use, and (vi) biogenic carbon and timing of emissions. Many of the standards and guidelines reviewed here provide only general methodological recommendations. Some make more specific methodological recommendations, but these often differ between standards. In this paper we present some clarifications (e.g. examples of research questions and suitable functional units) and methodological recommendations (e.g. on allocation).
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| 34. |
- Ahlström, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Pilot-Scale Protein Recovery from Cold-Pressed Rapeseed Press Cake: Influence of Solids Recirculation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Processes. - : MDPI AG. - 2227-9717. ; 10:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The agricultural sector is responsible for about 30% of greenhouse gas emissions, and thus there is a need to develop new plant-based proteins with lower climate impact. Rapeseed press cake, a by-product from rapeseed oil production, contains 30% high-quality protein. The purpose of this study was to recover protein from cold-pressed rapeseed press cakes on a pilot scale using a decanter and investigate the effect of recirculation of the spent solids fraction on protein yield. Proteins were extracted under alkaline conditions (pH 10.5) followed by precipitation at pH 3.5. Recirculating the spent solids fraction once increased the accumulated protein yield from 70% to 83%. The efficiency of the recovery process was highest in the first and second cycles. The additional yield after the third and fourth cycles was only 2%. The amino acid composition showed high levels of essential amino acids and was not reduced throughout the recovery process. The glucosinolate and phytate content was reduced in the precipitate after one cycle, although additional process steps are needed to further reduce the phytate content and limit the negative effect on mineral uptake.
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| 35. |
- Ahmadi, Shilan Seyed, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of liraglutide on anthropometric measurements, sagittal abdominal diameter and adiponectin levels in people with type 2 diabetes treated with multiple daily insulin injections: evaluations from a randomized trial (MDI-liraglutide study 5)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Obesity Science and Practice. - : Wiley. - 2055-2238. ; 5:2, s. 130-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim Use of the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist liraglutide has been shown to reduce weight. Different types of anthropometric measurements can be used to measure adiposity. This study evaluated the effect of liraglutide on sagittal abdominal diameter, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and adiponectin levels in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI). Materials and methods In the multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled MDI-liraglutide trial, 124 individuals with T2D treated with MDI were randomized to either liraglutide or placebo. Basal values of weight, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, sagittal abdominal diameter and adiponectin were compared with measurements at 12 and 24 weeks after randomization. Results Baseline-adjusted mean weight loss was 3.8 +/- 2.9 kg greater in liraglutide than placebo-treated individuals (p < 0.0001). Waist circumference was reduced by 2.9 +/- 4.3 cm and 0.2 +/- 3.6 cm in the liraglutide and placebo groups, respectively, after 24 weeks (baseline-adjusted mean difference: 2.6 +/- 4.0 cm, p = 0.0005). Corresponding reductions in sagittal abdominal diameter were 1.1 +/- 1.7 cm and 0.0 +/- 1.8 cm (baseline-adjusted mean difference: 1.1 +/- 1.7 cm, p = 0.0008). Hip circumference was reduced in patients randomized to liraglutide (baseline-adjusted mean difference between treatment groups: 2.8 +/- 3.8 cm, p = 0.0001), but there was no significant difference between the groups in either waist-to-hip ratio (baseline-adjusted mean difference: 0.0 +/- 0.04 cm, p = 0.51) or adiponectin levels (baseline-adjusted mean difference: 0.8 +/- 3.3 mg L-1, p = 0.17). Lower HbA1c and mean glucose levels measured by masked continuous glucose monitoring at baseline were associated with greater effects of liraglutide on reductions in waist circumference and sagittal abdominal diameter. Conclusions In patients with T2D, adding liraglutide to MDI may reduce abdominal and hip obesity to a similar extent, suggesting an effect on both visceral and subcutaneous fat. Liraglutide had greater effects on reducing abdominal obesity in patients with less pronounced long-term hyperglycaemia but did not affect adiponectin levels.
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| 36. |
- Ahmadpour, Doryaneh, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Yeast reveals unexpected roles and regulatory features of aquaporins and aquaglyceroporins
- 2014
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. General Subjects. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4165 .- 1872-8006 .- 0006-3002. ; 1840:5, s. 1482-1491
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides unique opportunities to study roles and regulation of aqua/glyceroporins using frontline tools of genetics and genomics as well as molecular cell and systems biology. Scope of review: S. cerevisiae has two similar orthodox aquaporins. Based on phenotypes mediated by gene deletion or overexpression as well as on their expression pattern, the yeast aquaporins play important roles in key aspects of yeast biology: establishment of freeze tolerance, during spore formation as well as determination of cell surface properties for substrate adhesion and colony formation. Exactly how the aquaporins perform those roles and the mechanisms that regulate their function under such conditions remain to be elucidated. S. cerevisiae also has two different aquaglyceroporins. While the role of one of them, Yfl054c, remains to be determined, Fps1 plays critical roles in osmoregulation by controlling the accumulation of the osmolyte glycerol. Fpsl communicates with two osmo-sensing MAPK signalling pathways to perform its functions but the details of Fps1 regulation remain to be determined. Major conclusions: Several phenotypes associated with aqua/glyceroporin function in yeasts have been established. However, how water and glycerol transport contribute to the observed effects is not understood in detail. Also many of the basic principles of regulation of yeast aqua/glyceroporins remain to be elucidated. General significance: Studying the yeast aquaporins and aquaglyceroporins offers rich insight into the life style, evolution and adaptive responses of yeast and rewards us with discoveries of unexpected roles and regulatory mechanisms of members of this ancient protein family. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Aquaporins. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 37. |
- Ainalem, Marie-Louise, et al.
(författare)
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DNA Binding to Zwitterionic Model Membranes
- 2010
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5827 .- 0743-7463. ; 26:7, s. 4965-4976
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study shows that DNA (linearized plasmid, 4331 base pairs and salmon sperm, 2000 base pairs, respectively) adsorbs to model membranes of zwitterionic liquid crystalline phospholipid bilayers in solutions containing divalent Ca2+ rations, and also in solutions containing monovalent Na+. The interaction between DNA and surface-supported model membranes was followed in situ using null ellipsometry, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, as well as neutron reflectometry. In the presence of Na+ (in the absence Of multivalent ions), DNA adopts an extended coil conformation upon adsorption. The solvent content in the adsorbed layer is high, and DNA is positioned on top of the membrane. In the presence of divalent Ca2+. the driving force for the adsorption of DNA is electrostatic, and the adsorbed DNA film is not as dilute its in a solution containing Na+. Cryo-TEM and SANS were further used to investigate the interaction in bulk solution using vesicles as model membrane systems. DNA adsorption could not be identified in the presence of Na+ using SANS, but cryo-TEM indicates the presence of DNA between neighboring unilamellar vesicles. In the presence of Ca2+. DNA induces the formation of multilamellar vesicles in which DNA intercalates the lamellae. Possible electrostatic and hydrophobic mechanisms for the adsorption of DNA in solutions containing monovalent salt are discussed and compared to the observations in divalent salt.
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| 38. |
- Akenine-Möller, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Approximate Soft Shadows on Arbitrary Surfaces using Penumbra Wedges
- 2002
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Ingår i: EGRW '02 Proceedings of the 13th Eurographics workshop on Rendering. - 1581135343 ; , s. 297-306
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shadow generation has been subject to serious investigation in computer graphics, and many clever algorithms have been suggested. However, previous algorithms cannot render high quality soft shadows onto arbitrary, animated objects in real time. Pursuing this goal, we present a new soft shadow algorithm that extends the standard shadow volume algorithm by replacing each shadow quadrilateral with a new primitive, called the penumbra wedge. For each silhouette edge as seen from the light source, a penumbra wedge is created that approximately models the penumbra volume that this edge gives rise to. Together the penumbra wedges can render images that often are remarkably close to more precisely rendered soft shadows. Furthermore, our new primitive is designed so that it can be rasterized efficiently. Many real-time algorithms can only use planes as shadow receivers, while ours can handle arbitrary shadow receivers. The proposed algorithm can be of great value to, e.g., 3D computer games, especially since it is highly likely that this algorithm can be implemented on programmable graphics hardware coming out within the next year, and because games often prefer perceptually convincing shadows.
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| 39. |
- Akenine-Möller, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Graphics for the Masses: A Hardware Rasterization Architecture for Mobile Phones
- 2003
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Ingår i: ACM Transactions on Graphics. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 1557-7368 .- 0730-0301. ; 22:3, s. 801-808
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mobile phone is one of the most widespread devices with rendering capabilities. Those capabilities have been very limited because the resources on such devices are extremely scarce; small amounts of memory, little bandwidth, little chip area dedicated for special purposes, and limited power consumption. The small display resolutions present a further challenge; the angle subtended by a pixel is relatively large, and therefore reasonably high quality rendering is needed to generate high fidelity images.To increase the mobile rendering capabilities, we propose a new hardware architecture for rasterizing textured triangles. Our architecture focuses on saving memory bandwidth, since an external memory access typically is one of the most energy-consuming operations, and because mobile phones need to use as little power as possible. Therefore, our system includes three new key innovations: 1) an inexpensive multisampling scheme that gives relatively high quality at the same cost of previous inexpensive schemes, II) a texture minification system, including texture compression, which gives quality relatively close to trilinear mipmapping at the cost of 1.33 32-bit memory accesses on average, III) a scanline-based culling scheme that avoids a significant amount of z-buffer reads, and that only requires one context. Software simulations show that these three innovations together significantly reduce the memory bandwidth. and thus also the power consumption.
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| 40. |
- Akenine-Möller, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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On the Degree of Vertices in a Shadow Volume Silhouette
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Graphics Tools. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1086-7651 .- 2151-237X. ; 8:4, s. 21-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In shadow volume rendering, the shadow volume silhouette edges are used to create primitives that model the shadow volume. A common misconception is that the vertices on such silhouettes can only be connected to two silhouette edges, i.e., have degree two. Furthermore, some believe that such a vertex can have any degree. In this short note, we present a geometric proof that shows that the degree of a silhouette vertex must be even, and not necessarily two.
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