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Sökning: WFRF:(Kander Astrid)

  • Resultat 11-20 av 94
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11.
  • Ejermo, Olof, et al. (författare)
  • The R&D-growth paradox arises in fast-growing sectors
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 40:5, s. 664-672
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Several notions of a R&D paradox can be found in the literature. In the Swedish Paradox version, the emphasis is normally on high and growing levels of business R&D connected to comparatively low GDP growth rates. This paper examines whether this pattern is consistent over time and, more importantly, which sectors drive the aggregate patterns. Based on an investigation of the entire Swedish economy 1985-2001, there is clear evidence that the paradox occurs only in fast-growing manufacturing and service sectors. Fast-growing sectors show an increasing gap between R&D and value-added growth, while the slow-growing sectors do not. This paradox is not interpreted as a sign of failure of the national innovation system, as the largest gap would then be for the slow-growing sectors, failing to transform R&D to economic growth. The gap between R&D and GDP is consistent with the idea of diminishing marginal returns to R&D investment in high-investing sectors. The evidence does not rule out, however, that rendering the innovation system more effective could yield better outcomes. As the findings of a gap are quite consistent over time, it seems fair to conclude that businesses have good reasons for their high R&D investments, despite not being on par with their production growth. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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12.
  • Ejermo, Olof, et al. (författare)
  • The Swedish Paradox
  • 2006
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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14.
  • Ejermo, Olof, et al. (författare)
  • The Swedish Paradox revisited
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Innovations and Entrepreneurship in Functional Regions.
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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18.
  • Enflo, Kerstin, et al. (författare)
  • Electrification and Energy Productivity
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Ecological Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-8009. ; 68:11, s. 2808-2817
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Energy productivity is crucial for sustainable development.We use cointegration analyses to investigate the effect of electricity on energy productivity in Swedish industry from 1930 to 1990. Electricity augmented energy productivity in those industrial branches that used electricity formultiple purposes. This productivity effect goes beyond “book-keeping effects,” i. e. it is not only the result of electricity being produced in one sector (taking the energy transformation losses) and consumed in another (receiving the benefits).
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19.
  • Enflo, Kerstin, et al. (författare)
  • Identifying development blocks - A new methodology Implemented on Swedish industry 1900–1974
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Journal of Evolutionary Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0936-9937 .- 1432-1386. ; 18:1, s. 57-76
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The paper specifies a quantitative methodology for exploring development blocks. The concept of 'development block' was a major contribution to the historical analysis of industrial transformation by the late Erik Dahmen, but development blocks have mainly been analyzed by qualitative methods and indirect indicators and not statistically identified. In this paper, development blocks are identified by means of a combination of co-integration analysis and Granger causality. Using these techniques, we are able to identify two partially overlapping development blocks in the Swedish economy, formed around the electricity generating sector: one with metal, metal goods, machinery and railways; and another with pulp and paper, chemicals, and machinery.
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20.
  • Gales, Ben, et al. (författare)
  • North versus South: Energy transition and energy intensity in Europe over 200 years
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: European Review of Economic History. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-0044 .- 1361-4916. ; 11:2, s. 219-253
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The paper examines energy consumption in Sweden, Holland, Italy and Spain over 200 years, including both traditional and modern energy car-riers. The article is based on totally new series of energy consumption in-cluding traditional carriers along with modern sources. Our main purposes are a closer examination of the process of the energy transition in Europe and a revision of the prevailing idea of there being, over the long run, an inverted U-curve in energy intensity. Changes in energy consumption are decomposed into effects from population growth, economic growth and energy intensity. The results on energy intensity challenge previous suggestions of most scholars. An inverted U curve does not exist whenever we include traditional sources of energy in our analysis.
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