| 18281. |
- Zoller, P, et al.
(författare)
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Quantum information processing and communication - Strategic report on current status, visions and goals for research in Europe
- 2005
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal D. Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6060 .- 1434-6079. ; 36:2, s. 203-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an excerpt of the document "Quantum Information Processing and Communication: Strategic report on current status, visions and goals for research in Europe", which has been recently published in electronic form at the website of FET (the Future and Emerging Technologies Unit of the Directorate General Information Society of the European Commission, http://www.cordis.lu/ist/fet/qipc-sr.htm). This document has been elaborated, following a former suggestion by FET, by a committee of QIPC scientists to provide input towards the European Commission for the preparation of the Seventh Framework Program. Besides being a document addressed to policy makers and funding agencies (both at the European and national level), the document contains a detailed scientific assessment of the state-of-the-art, main research goals, challenges, strengths, weaknesses, visions and perspectives of all the most relevant QIPC sub-fields, that we report here.
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| 18282. |
- Zor, Kinga, et al.
(författare)
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High temporal resolution monitoring of fermentations using an on-line amperometric flow-through microdetector
- 2007
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Ingår i: Electroanalysis. - : Wiley. - 1040-0397 .- 1521-4109. ; 19:1, s. 43-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An on-line microdetector containing amperometric biosensors was used for high temporal resolution (t(90%) approximate to 120 s) monitoring of glucose and ethanol concentrations during small scale fermentations. ne ability of the microdetector to report on the effect of different experimental conditions was tested in fermentation processes carried out at 30 and at 37 degrees C. An increased ethanol production rate accompanied by an increased glucose consumption rate in the fermentation carried out at 37 degrees C was promptly revealed. Therefore, the microdetector proved to be an especially useful tool to monitor fermentations where the investigated processes are too fast to be followed by classical analytical approaches.
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| 18283. |
- Zor, Kinga, et al.
(författare)
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Label free capacitive immunosensor for detecting calpastatin - A meat tenderness biomarker.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Bioelectrochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-562X .- 1567-5394. ; 76:1-2, s. 93-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An immunological capacitive biosensor for calpastatin was developed, optimized and applied for the analysis of meat extract samples. Anti-calpastatin antibody was immobilized on a gold electrode modified with a self-assembled monolayer of mercaptoundecanoic acid and Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus, and the obtained immunosensor was inserted as the working electrode in an electrochemical cell of a flow injection system. The dynamic range of the sensor was 20 to 160 ng/mL calpastatin. The electrode could be regenerated and re-used for more than 7 days with minimal reduction in sensitivity. For the analysis of real samples, the target analyte was extracted from the Longissimus dorsi muscle from beef carcasses directly after slaughtering. The extract was analyzed both with the developed immunosensor and microtiter plate ELISA, and a good correlation was obtained. However the immunosensor offers advantages of speed, simplicity, sensitivity and possibility for miniaturization over conventional assays for calpastatin quantification.
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| 18284. |
- Zorita, Saioa, et al.
(författare)
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A novel hollow-fibre microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction for determination of free 4-isobutylacetophenone concentration at ultra trace level in environmental aqueous samples
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9673. ; 1157:1-2, s. 30-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, a method was developed for determination of the free concentration of 4-isobutylacetophenone, a toxic degradation product of ibuprofen, in river and sewage water samples from Sweden. Sample preparation and analysis were performed by a hollow-fibre microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction (HF-MMLLE) set-up and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. In this novel approach, only the liquid in the membrane pores is utilised for non-depleting extraction. Several parameters were studied, including: type of organic solvent, sample pH, and salt and humic acid content. The optimised method allowed the determination of the analyte at the ng L-1 level in river and sewage water. A linear plot gave a correlation coefficient better than 0.992 and resulted in a limit of detection of 7 and 14 ng L-1 for river and sewage water, respectively. The enrichment factor was over 2000 in the fibre and over 300 after dilution. The repeatability and reproducibility were better than 5% and 10%, respectively. For the first time, 4-isobutylacetophenone was found at free concentrations of 40 ng L-1 or below in sewage waters, while it could not be quantified in a river downstream from a municipal sewage treatment plant.
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| 18285. |
- Zorita, Saioa, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of solid-phase sorbents for the determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in wastewater.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Separation Science. - : Wiley. - 1615-9314 .- 1615-9306. ; Aug 11, s. 3117-3121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three different SPE sorbents (weak cation exchange, mixed cation exchange, and hydrophobic-lipophilic balance polymers) were compared in terms of recovery, precision, and the effect of matrix components on analyte response for the determination of fluoroquinolones antibiotics. The influence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (Na(2)-EDTA) was as well tested. Two of the sorbents, hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) and weak cation exchange (WCX), turned out to be suitable for ultratrace analysis. HLB sorbent showed higher capacity for analyte trapping and better precision while weak cation exchange sorbent had a superior performance in terms of selectivity. In complex samples, the higher capacity of HLB was outweighed by the higher selectivity of WCX when considering the LODs of the methods.
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| 18286. |
- Zorita, Saioa, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of dissolved and particle-bound PCB congeners at ultra-trace concentrations in water
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1029-0397 .- 0306-7319. ; 85:8, s. 531-541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adsorption of 10 PCB congeners in aqueous solutions on glass-fibre filters taken from different boxes but of the same type were not significantly different. The standard deviations using filters from the same box were below 10% at concentration levels of 4.1 ng L-1. At this level, the adsorption of dissolved PCB at the filters was in the range of 5-20%. depending oil the congener. This led to a procedure for determination of dissolved and particle-bound congener in authentic landfill leachate, which included correction for adsorption losses. The procedure was based oil filtration through glass-fibre filters, followed by trapping of the PCB in the eluate on solid-phase extraction (SPE) disks. After separate supercritical fluid (SFE) extractions, with carbon dioxide, of the filters as well as of the SPE disks, the extracts were analysed on a two-column capillary GC-ECD system. Corrections for congener adsorption on glass-fibre filters were made, from which corrected distribution constants between particle-bound and dissolved PCB congener in the water phase could be obtained for authentic landfill leachate. These values (10(4)-10(5)) agreed well with those obtained by others.
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| 18287. |
- Zorita, Saioa, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a combined solid-phase extraction-supercritical fluid extraction procedure for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in wastewater
- 2006
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Ingår i: Analytical Sciences. - 0910-6340. ; 22:11, s. 1455-1459
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A combined solid-phase extraction (SPE)-supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) procedure was developed for the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in wastewater. The importance of cleaning and drying the filters and SPE-disks prior to eluting PCBs with SFE was studied, leading to improved recoveries for all congeners investigated. The average PCB recovery of the final procedure, at a concentration of 18 ng/L in reagent water, was 101% with relative standard deviations ranging from 1 to 5% for the different congeners. Spiked leachate to a final concentration of 4 ng/L was extracted directly after spiking, or after 24 h of spiking. An average recovery of 112% was obtained in the direct extraction of spiked leachate.
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| 18288. |
- Zorita, Saioa, et al.
(författare)
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Hollow-fibre supported liquid membrane extraction for determination of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine concentration at ultra trace level in sewage samples
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Separation Science. - : Wiley. - 1615-9314 .- 1615-9306. ; 30:15, s. 2513-2521
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, a method was developed for determining the concentration of the pharmaceutical fluoxetine and its metabolite, norfluoxetine, in sewage water samples. Sample preparation was performed by hollow-fibre supported liquid membrane (HF-SLM) extraction with final analysis using liquid chromatography with UV detection. Several parameters were studied including type of organic solvent, sample and acceptor pH, and salt and humic acid content. The optimised method allowed determination of the analyte at the ng/L level in sewage water. A linear plot gave a correlation coefficient better than 0.991 for both analytes and resulted in limits of detection in sewage water of 11 and 12 ng/L, for fluoxetine and norfluoxetine, respectively. The enrichment factor was over 1700 for both analytes in sewage water. The repeatability and reproducibility were better than 8% and 17%, respectively. The developed methodology was used to study daily variations of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in municipal sewage streams. Norfluoxetine has been detected for the first time in sewage water and a preliminary analysis gave average concentrations of 150 and 225 ng/L for norfluoxetine and fluoxetine, respectively.
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| 18289. |
- Zorita, Saioa, et al.
(författare)
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Occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals in a municipal sewage treatment system in the south of Sweden.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1026 .- 0048-9697. ; 407, s. 2760-2770
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The occurrence and removal rate of seven pharmaceuticals (ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, fluoxetine, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin), two metabolites (norfluoxetine, clofibric acid), one degradation product (4-isobutylacetophenone) and 3 estrogens (17alpha-ethinylestradiol, 17beta-estradiol, estrone) were studied in the inlet and outlet of a tertiary sewage treatment plant (STP) in Sweden as well as between different treatment steps in the STP which includes a conventional activated sludge step. Pharmaceuticals in raw household and raw hospital sewage streams leading to the STP were as well investigated. Hydraulic retention times (HRT) of each treatment step was considered for sampling and for the calculation of the removal rates. These rates were above 90%, except for diclofenac, clofibric acid, estrone and ofloxacin. However, only diclofenac and naproxen showed significant effluent loads (>145 mg/d/1000 inh). Diclofenac was not eliminated during the treatment and in fact even higher concentrations were found at the effluent than in the inlet of the STP. 17alpha-Ethinylestradiol was not detected in any of the samples. Results indicate that a STP such as the one in Kristianstad, Sweden, with a tertiary treatment is sufficient to remove significantly most of the investigated pharmaceuticals. The chemical treatment improved the removal of several pharmaceuticals especially the antibiotics, which showed step removal rates between 55 and 70%. The expected concentration levels of the pharmaceuticals in the surface water (dilution 1 to 10) close to the outlet of the STP are below the no-observed effect-concentration (NOEC). However, despite that this would imply no important effects in the aquatic environment one cannot rule out negative consequences nearby the STP because most of the NOEC values are derived from acute toxicity data. This may underestimate the real impact of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic ecosystem.
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| 18290. |
- Zorita, Saioa, et al.
(författare)
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Selective determination of acidic pharmaceuticals in wastewater using molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Analytica Chimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4324 .- 0003-2670. ; 626:2, s. 147-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The determination of acidic pharmaceuticals, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs and clofibric acid (metabolite of clofibrate), at low ngL(-1) levels in wastewater requires highly selective and sensitive analytical procedures. The removal of matrix components during sample preparation results in significant benefits towards reducing the matrix effects during LC-MS analysis. Therefore this work describes a simple method to enrich and clean up NSAIDs and clofibric acid from sewage water using molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE). Final analysis was performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The performance of this method has been evaluated in fortified tap and sewage water in terms of recovery, precision, linearity, and method quantification limit. Recovery for all compounds ranged in all matrices between 84 and 116% with intra-day R.S.D. values below 11.5%. Matrix effect evaluation demonstrated that even complex sample matrixes, such as pond or sewage water did not showed significant ion suppression/enhancement compared to tap water. The performance of the method was further emphasized by the study of pond water, which receives treated water from a sewage treatment plant in south Sweden. Raw sewage and treated water were also tested. In those samples, all acidic pharmaceuticals were detected in concentration above method quantification limits ranging from 5.1 to 5153.0ngL(-1).
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