| 511. |
- Krantz, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Workload, work stress, and sickness absence in Swedish male and female white-collar employees
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948. ; 34:3, s. 238-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: This study aimed to analyse, in a homogeneous population of highly educated men and women, gender differences in self‐reported sickness absence as related to paid and unpaid work and combinations of these (double exposure), as well as to perceived work stress and work–home conflict, i.e. conflict between demands from the home and work environment. Methods: A total of 743 women and 596 men, full‐time working white‐collar employees randomly selected from the general Swedish population aged 32–58, were assessed by a Swedish total workload instrument. The influence of conditions in paid and unpaid work and combinations of these on self‐reported sickness absence was investigated by multivariate regression analyses. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess differences between men and women. Results: Overtime was associated with lower sickness absence, not only for men but also for women, and a double‐exposure situation did not increase the risk of sick leave. Contrary to what is normally seen, conflict between demands did not emerge as a risk factor for sickness absence for women, but for men. Conclusions: Our assumption that sickness absence patterns would be more similar for white‐collar men and women than for the general population was not confirmed. However, the women working most hours were also the least sick‐listed and assumed less responsibility for household chores. These women were mainly in top‐level positions and therefore we conclude that men and women in these high‐level positions seem to share household burdens more evenly, but they can also afford to employ someone to assist in the household.
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| 512. |
- Krantz, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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Ethics and vaccination.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scand J Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 32:3, s. 172-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 513. |
- Krantz, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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Screening for postpartum depression with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) : An ethical analysis
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - London : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 36:2, s. 211-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To assess the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), a self-administered questionnaire created to screen for symptoms of postpartum depression in the community, from an epidemiological and ethical perspective. Screening, as the practice of investigating apparently healthy individuals to detect unrecognised disease or its precursors, has interpretation problems and is complicated by deliberations on probabilities for something to occur, on which the scientific community is unanimous. Methods: Our ethical analysis is made using a framework with two different dimensions, the ethical principles autonomy and beneficence and the affected persons. To balance the ethical costs and the ethical benefits of EPDS an analogy with the assessment of pharmaceutics is used. Results: In this article we argue that routine EPDS screening of Swedish postpartum women would lead to considerable ethical problems due to the weak scientific foundation of the screening instrument. Despite a multitude of published studies, the side-effects in terms of misclassifications have not been considered carefully. The EPDS does not function very well as a routine screening instrument. The dualism created is too reductive and fails to recognize the plurality of difference that exists in the social word. Conclusions: Public health authorities should not advocate screening of unproved value. Screening is not just a medical issue but also an ethical one.
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| 514. |
- Krettek, Alexandra, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Nordic School of Public Health NHV and its legacy in global health
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 43, s. 36-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article describes the legacy of the Nordic School of Public Health NHV (NHV) in global health. We delineate how this field developed at NHV and describe selected research and research training endeavours with examples from Vietnam and Nepal as well as long-term teaching collaborations such as BRIMHEALTH (Baltic RIM Partnership for Public HEALTH) in the Baltic countries and Arkhangelsk International School of Public Health in Russia.
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| 515. |
- Kristenson, Margareta, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for coronary heart disease in different socioeconomic groups of Lithuania and Sweden - The LiVicordia study
- 2001
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 29:2, s. 140-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Lithuanian middle-aged men have a fourfold higher risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality compared with Swedish men. In Sweden, CHD mortality is twice as high in blue- compared with white-collar workers. Whether the same risk factors that characterized Lithuanian men, compared with Swedish men, could be found in low socioeconomic groups within the cities was investigated. Methods: The LiVicordia study compared both traditional and new possible risk factors for CHD among 150 50-year-old men in Link÷ping, Sweden and Vilnius, Lithuania. A comparison was made of the prevalence of these risk factors in high and low socioeconomic groups within the cities and, after controlling for the city, variations across socioeconomic groups in the total sample. Results: Small differences were found in traditional risk factors between cities. However, Vilnius men were shorter, had lower serum levels of antioxidant vitamins, more psychosocial strain, and lower cortisol response to a standardized laboratory stress test. These characteristics were also found among men in low social classes in both cities. In linear regression models, short stature, low serum ▀-carotene, low social integration, coping and self-esteem, high vital exhaustion, high baseline and low cortisol response to stress were related to low social class. Conclusions: The same set of risk factors, mainly relating to oxidative and psychosocial stress, that characterized Vilnius men was also found in men in low social classes within the cities. The results suggest that a common set of risk factors may help to explain health differences both between and within countries. ⌐ Taylor & Francis 2001.
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| 516. |
- Kristenson, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic differences in outpatient healthcare utilisation are mainly seen for musculoskeletal problems in groups with poor self-rated health
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications (UK and US). - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 39:8, s. 805-812
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To assess whether there are socioeconomic (SES) differences in outpatient visits within groups of comparable morbidity (medical disease and self-rated health) and whether psychosocial factors can explain these differences. Methods: Baseline data for SES, presence of disease, self-rated health (SRH), and psychosocial factors were collected during 2003-04 from 923 men and women aged 45-69 years in southeast Sweden. Outcome data were all registered outpatient healthcare visits to physicians during 2004-08. Cumulative incidences and standardised rate ratios (SSR) were calculated for strata of comparable morbidity for all visits, for visits due to cardiovascular disorders (CVD)/diabetes and for musculoskeletal problems. Results: Low SES was associated with more outpatient visits due to musculoskeletal problems (SRR for education 1.52, 95% CI 1.35-1.73; for occupation 1.40, 95% CI 1.26-1.56) and accentuated in groups with poor SRH. The SES effect was significant for visits to primary care and to hospitals, for men and women, and independent of present disease, SRH, and psychosocial factors. Low SES was significantly associated with more total outpatient visits at primary healthcare centres. In contrast, for outpatient visits due to CVD/diabetes, high SES was related to more visits to hospitals among people with good SRH at baseline. Conclusions: We found a consistent pattern for outpatient visits related to musculoskeletal problems where people with low SES counted more visits and this was most prominent in groups of poor SRH. The results demonstrate the need to apply different morbidity measures when studying inequalities in healthcare utilisation.
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| 517. |
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| 518. |
- Kristjansdottir, Gudrun, et al.
(författare)
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Sociodemographic and health status predictors of parental role strain: A general population study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 48:5, s. 519-526
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Numerous studies indicate that stressors associated with parenthood can adversely affect parental well-being and children’s psychosocial development. The aim of the study was to analyze sociodemographic differences in parental role strain in the general parental population. Methods: The study is based on a national postal survey of a random sample of 605 Icelandic mothers and fathers of children under 18. Results: Parental role strain was related to young parental age at first birth, female gender, non-married status, age of youngest child, age range of children, number of children in the household, and the parent’s own chronic illness. Furthermore, chronic illness or disability of a child was markedly related to higher parental role strain, although the relationship was partly reduced with parental employment. Conclusions: Parental role strain is unevenly distributed in the parental population and varies by sociodemographic and health statuses of parents and children. Understanding and addressing parental role strain could improve parental mental health and help create a family environment that enhances the psychosocial development of children.
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| 519. |
- Kulla, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in self-rated health among older immigrants : A comparison between older Finland-Swedes and Finns in Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Journals. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 38:1, s. 25-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Research has shown a tendency among immigrants and ethnic minorities to have a lower health status compared with the majority population. This applies to Finnish immigrants in Sweden. This group, however, also consists of persons who belong to a small ethnic minority in Finland, the Finland-Swedes, who speak Swedish as their mother tongue. In Finland, this minority has been shown to have better health and longer lives than the majority of Finnish-speaking people. Most of the previous research has studied the objective health of immigrants and minorities, while less is known about their subjective health. The aim of this study was to describe and compare self-rated health in older Finland-Swedes and Finns living as immigrants in Sweden. Methods: The study was carried out as a sample-based cross-sectional study. Data was collected by a postal structured questionnaire. The response rate among the Finland-Swedes was 47% (n = 169) and among the Finns was 54% (n = 643). Data was analyzed descriptively and tested with Pearson’s chi-square test. Results: The results showed significant differences between the language groups in self-rated health, age of retirement and causes for retirement. The Finland-Swede immigrants rated their health as better than the Finnish-speaking ones. They had retired at an older age and less frequently because of health problems. Conclusions: The results indicate that there may be significant differences in health, at least in subjective health, between immigrant groups. Due to the low response rate, the results cannot be generalized.
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| 520. |
- Kullberg, Agneta, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Residents’ perspectives on safety support needs in different types of housing areas
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 39:6, s. 590-597
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Knowledge about conditions that are understood to support safety is important for planning residential safety promotion in interactions with residents. How residents themselves perceive and reason about their own safety needs has seldom been investigated in Scandinavia. Aim: To identify factors perceived to be necessary to feel safe by residents in areas with blocks of flats and detached houses. Methods: Residents in a Swedish municipality were asked an open-ended question on the research topic by a mail survey; 787 residents provided narrative data that were fed into a summative qualitative and quantitative content analysis. Results: A stable social structure in the housing area was perceived to be the central factor in a safety-supportive residential environment. Whereas maintenance of good and reassuring relations was emphasized in detached housing areas, support for management of poor or even fear-provoking neighbour relations was requested from areas with blocks of flats. This finding emphasizes the need to reduce the differential exposure to safety-related factors in the living environment. Conclusions: The results of our study encourage the continued use of a setting-orientated safety promotion approach in which residents and other stakeholders are involved. The policy recommendation that can be drawn from the study is that both the subjective and objective dimensions of safety should be identified and considered when developing local safety promotion interventions in community contexts.
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