| 11. |
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Airline Economics in Europe
- 2019
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent years, the European air transport industry has seen a number of important changes, with more on the horizon. This comprehensive work presents a multi-faceted analysis of the air industry in Europe, how it has developed in recent years, and how it is set to develop further into the future. The work brings together leading experts in the field from across the continent to address the burning issues affecting this significant sector of the European transportation arena. It begins with a scene-setting contribution that outlines the detail of the regulatory context within which the European airline sector operates. We then move on to look at some of the strategic responses to this evolving regulatory context. In this respect, the specifics of some relevant business models, the competitive context (particularly with respect to pricing and profitability), changes in the productivity of European airlines relative to the global industry and the issue of joint ventures in the transatlantic market are all dealt with in some detail. The focus then shifts to the analysis of more niche sectors within the European aviation sector, specifically the business aviation and air cargo markets. The volume finishes with more specific works which address key issues in today’s European airline market, namely the adoption of new propulsion technology and the ever-present environmental impacts associated with aircraft noise.
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| 12. |
- Al-Zoubi, N., et al.
(författare)
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Phase stability and elastic properties of NbMoTaWMx (M = Al, V, Zr, Tc, Re and Ir) RHEAs: A first-principles assessment
- 2024
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Ingår i: Physica. B, Condensed matter. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0921-4526 .- 1873-2135. ; 687
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using the exact muffin-tin orbital (EMTO) method in combination with the coherent potential approximation (CPA), we studied the influence of alloying elements Al, V, Zr, Tc, Re and Ir on the phase stability, lattice parameters, densities, and elastic properties of NbMoTaWMx (M = Al, V, Zr, Tc, Re, Ir; 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) refractory high entropy alloys. The predicted lattice parameter and elastic parameters agree with the available experimental and theoretical data. We calculated the atomic size difference (δ), the valence electron concentration (VEC) and the total energy of face-centered cubic (fcc), body-centered cubic (bcc) and hexagonal closed-pack (hcp) structures. We found that all studied NbMoTaWMx (M = Al, V, Zr, Tc, Re, Ir; 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) systems have the bcc structure. We showed that Al and Ir decrease the stability of the bcc structure and Zr significantly enlarges the lattice parameter of the host. Vanadium increases the ductility of NbMoTaW system. On the other hand, Al and Ir have strongly non-linear effect on the ductility, with clear minimum at x = 0.55. The present results provide consistent theoretical data and call for experimental investigation for these alloys.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Curtze, S., et al.
(författare)
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White Matter Lesions Double the Risk of Post-Thrombolytic Intracerebral Hemorrhage
- 2015
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Ingår i: Stroke. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0039-2499 .- 1524-4628. ; 46:8, s. 2149-2155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Purpose-Cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs), a surrogate for small-vessel disease, are common in patients with stroke and may be related to an increased intracranial bleeding risk after intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke. We aimed to investigate the risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) in the presence of WMLs in a large cohort of ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis. Methods-We included 2485 consecutive patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis at the Helsinki University Central Hospital. WMLs were scored according to 4 previously published computed tomography visual rating scales from all baseline head scans. A sICH was classified according to the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study II criteria. The associations of sICH with nominal, ordinal, and continuous variables were analyzed in a univariate binary regression model and adjusted in multivariate binary regression models. Results-In univariate and multivariate regression analyses, all 4 tested visual WML rating scales (as continuous variables or dichotomized at different cutoff points) were associated with increased risk of sICH. In binary analyses, WML doubled the bleeding risk: the odds ratios of all 4 visual rating scales ranged from 2.22 (95% confidence interval, 1.49-3.30) to 2.70 (1.87-3.90) in univariable and from 2.00 (1.26-3.16) to 2.62 (1.71-4.02) in multivariable analyses. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for the association of high load of WMLs with remote parenchymal hemorrhage was 4.11 (2.38-7.10). Conclusions-WMLs visible on computed tomography are associated with a more than doubled risk of sICH in patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Gorges, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Hypothalamic atrophy is related to body mass index and age at onset in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. - : BMJ. - 0022-3050 .- 1468-330X. ; 88:12, s. 1033-1041
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Our objective was to study the hypothalamic volume in a cohort of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) including symptomatic and presymptomatic ALS mutation carriers.Methods: High-resolution three-dimensional T1-weighted MRI datasets from 251 patients with sporadic ALS, 19 symptomatic and 32 presymptomatic ALS mutation carriers and 112 healthy controls (HC) were retrospectivally registered for manual delineation of the hypothalamus. The volume of the hypothalamus, in total or subdivided, was normalised to the intracranial volume and adjusted to age. Correlation analyses were performed with clinical and metabolic outcomes. Pathologically defined ALS stages were determined in vivo by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).Results: We observed a severe atrophy of the hypothalamus both in patients with sporadic ALS (-21.8%, p<0.0001) and symptomatic ALS mutation carriers (-13.4%, p<0.001). The atrophy in patients with sporadic ALS was observed in both the anterior (-27.6% p<0.0001) and the posterior parts of the hypothalamus (-17.7%, p<0.0001). Notably, this atrophy was also observed in presymptomatic ALS mutation carriers (-15.5%, p<0.001) and was unrelated to whole brain volume atrophy or disease stage as assessed using DTI or functional status. Hypothalamic volume was correlated with body mass index (BMI) in patients with sporadic ALS (p=0.0434, Ρ=+0.1579), and this correlation was much stronger in patients with familial ALS (fALS) (p=0.0060, Ρ=+0.6053). Anterior hypothalamic volume was correlated with age at onset, but not with survival after MRI.Conclusions: Hypothalamus is atrophied in ALS, even in premorbid stages, and correlates with BMI, especially in fALS. Decreased anterior hypothalamic volume is associated with earlier onset of disease.
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