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Sökning: LAR1:gu > Tidskriftsartikel > Skoog Ingmar 1954

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31.
  • Brayne, C. E., et al. (författare)
  • Dementia Research Fit for the Planet: Reflections on Population Studies of Dementia for Researchers and Policy Makers Alike
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Neuroepidemiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0251-5350 .- 1423-0208. ; 54:2, s. 157-170
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In recent years, a rapidly increasing collection of investigative methods in addition to changes in diagnostic criteria for dementia have followed "high-tech" trends in medicine, with the aim to better define the dementia syndrome and its biological substrates, mainly in order to predict risk prior to clinical expression. These approaches are not without challenge. A set of guidelines have been developed by a group of European experts in population-based cohort research through a series of workshops, funded by the Joint Program for Neurodegenerative Disorders (JPND). The aims of the guidelines are to assist policy makers and researchers to understand (1) What population studies for ageing populations should encompass and (2) How to interpret the findings from population studies. Such studies are essential to provide evidence relevant to the understanding of healthy and frail brain ageing, including the dementia syndrome for contemporary and future societies by drawing on the past.
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32.
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33.
  • Bäckman, Kristoffer, 1979, et al. (författare)
  • 37 years of body mass index and dementia: observations from the prospective population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden.
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. - 1875-8908. ; 28:1, s. 163-71
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Level of adiposity is linked to dementia in epidemiological studies. Overweight and obesity in mid- and late-life may increase risk for dementia, whereas decline in body weight or body mass index (BMI) and underweight in years preceding and at the time of a dementia diagnosis may also relate to dementia. Longitudinal studies with sufficient follow-up are necessary to estimate trajectories that allow better understanding of the relationship between adiposity indices and dementia over the life course. We evaluated the natural history of BMI in relationship to clinical dementia over 37 years in the Prospective Population Study of Women (PPSW) in Sweden. PPSW is a systematic sample of 1462 women born 1908, 1914, 1918, 1922, and 1930 and aged 38-60 years at baseline. Examinations occurred in 1968, 1974, 1980, 1992, 2000, and 2005. Statistical analyses were conducted using mixed effects regression models. Trajectories of BMI over 37 years as a function of age differed between women who did versus did not develop dementia. Women developing dementia evidenced a lesser increase in BMI from age 38 to 70 years. After age 70, the BMI slope decreased similarly (no "accelerated decline") irrespective of dementia status. A lower BMI before and during dementia onset was observed. Women with similar BMI at mid-life exhibited a different pattern of BMI change as they approached late-life that was related to dementia onset. BMI may be a potential marker of dementia-related neuropathologies in the brain. Dementia is related to a common risk factor, BMI, from mid-to late-life.
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34.
  • Bäckman, Kristoffer, 1979, et al. (författare)
  • Changes in the Lethality of Frailty Over 30 Years: Evidence From Two Cohorts of 70-Year-Olds in Gothenburg Sweden.
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X. ; 72:7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • With aging, health deficits accumulate: people with few deficits for their age are fit, and those with more are frail. Despite recent reports of improved health in old age, how deficit accumulation is changing is not clear. Our objectives were to evaluate changes over 30 years in the degree of deficit accumulation and in the relationship between frailty and mortality in older adults. Methods: We analyzed data from two population based, prospective longitudinal cohorts, assembled in 1971–1972 and 2000–2001, respectively. Residents of Gothenburg Sweden, systematically drawn from the Swedish population registry. The 1901–1902 cohort (N = 973) had a response rate of 84.8%; the 1930 cohort (N = 500) had a response rate of 65.1%. A frailty index using 36 deficits was calculated using data from physical examinations, assessments of physical activity, daily, sensory and social function, and laboratory tests. We evaluated mortality over 12.5 years in relation to the frailty index. Results: Mean frailty levels were the same (x  = 0.20, p = .37) in the 1901–1902 cohort as in the 1930 cohort. Although the frailty index was linked to the risk of death in both cohorts, the hazards ratio decreased from 1.67 per 0.1 increment in the frailty index for the first cohort to 1.32 for the second cohort (interaction term p = .005). Discussion: Although frailty was as common at age 70 as before, its lethality appears to be less. Just why this is so should be explored further.
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35.
  • Börjesson-Hanson, Anne, 1959, et al. (författare)
  • Five-year mortality in relation to dementia and cognitive function in 95-year-olds.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Neurology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 69:22, s. 2069-75
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Dementia is a known predictor of mortality, but most studies include small numbers of participants above age 90. The influence of dementia or cognition on mortality in this age group is therefore uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To examine 5-year mortality in relation to dementia and cognitive performance at age 95. METHODS: A population sample of 338 individuals examined at age 95 was followed to age 100. Dementia was diagnosed according to DSM-III-R criteria. Cognitive function was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Information on severe physical disorders was obtained from the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register, and date of death from the Swedish Population Register. RESULTS: Five-year mortality was higher in 95-year-olds with dementia than in 95-year-olds without dementia (96% vs 73%; p < 0.0001), even when adjusting for severe physical disorders. A Cox regression analysis with calculation of population attributable risk (PAR), calculated from adjusted relative risks, showed that mortality was predicted by dementia (PAR 42%), cardiac disease (PAR 17%), cancer (PAR 6%), and male sex (PAR 7%), but not by stroke. Among the subjects without dementia, cognitive performance measured using the MMSE (n = 133 with complete tests; 81% of the subjects without dementia) predicted mortality. For each point increase in the MMSE, mortality decreased by 13%. CONCLUSIONS: In 95-year-olds, dementia, as well as cognitive performance in the subjects without dementia, influences mortality. When controlling for other severe medical conditions we found dementia to be the leading cause of deaths among the oldest old. The reason why dementia and cognitive function predict life expectancy requires further elucidation.
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36.
  • Börjesson-Hanson, Anne, 1959, et al. (författare)
  • One-Month Prevalence of Mental Disorders in a Population Sample of 95-Year Olds.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry. - 1545-7214. ; 19:3, s. 284-91
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE:: To determine the 1-month prevalence of mental disorders among 95-year olds. DESIGN:: Cross-sectional population sample of 95-year olds. SETTING:: All 95-year olds born in the period 1901-1903 living in Gothenburg, Sweden, were invited. Elderly living in both community settings and nursing homes were included. PARTICIPANTS:: In total, 338 95-year olds (response rate: 65%) were examined (263 women, 75 men). MEASUREMENTS:: All participants were examined by psychiatrists using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale and cognitive tests. Mental disorders were classified according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised criteria. RESULTS:: Two-third of all 95-year olds had a mental disorder. In the total sample of 95-year olds, the 1-month prevalence was 52% for dementia, 8% for depression, 4% for anxiety, and 3% for psychotic disorders. Almost one-third (29%) of the nondemented 95-year olds fulfilled criteria for a psychiatric disorder: 17% had depression, 9% anxiety, and 7% psychotic disorder. CONCLUSIONS:: The combined prevalence of mental disorders was high among 95-year olds, even after excluding dementia. These findings emphasize the importance of research, care, and detection of psychiatric problems in this age group.
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37.
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38.
  • Cedres, N., et al. (författare)
  • Association of Cerebrovascular and Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers With Cholinergic White Matter Degeneration in Cognitively Unimpaired Individuals
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Neurology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 99:15, s. E1619-E1629
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background and Objectives Several pathologic processes might contribute to the degeneration of the cholinergic system in aging. We aimed to determine the contribution of amyloid, tau, and cerebrovascular biomarkers toward the degeneration of cholinergic white matter (WM) projections in cognitively unimpaired individuals. Methods The contribution of amyloid and tau pathology was assessed through CSF levels of the A beta(42/40) ratio and phosphorylated tau (p-tau). CSF A beta(38) levels were also measured. Cerebrovascular pathology was assessed using automatic segmentations of WM lesions (WMLs) on MRI. Cholinergic WM projections (i.e., cingulum and external capsule pathways) were modeled using tractography based on diffusion tensor imaging data. Sex and APOE epsilon 4 carriership were also included in the analysis as variables of interest. Results We included 203 cognitively unimpaired individuals from the H70 Gothenburg Birth Cohort Studies (all individuals aged 70 years, 51% female). WM lesion burden was the most important contributor to the degeneration of both cholinergic pathways (increase in mean square error [IncMSE] = 98.8% in the external capsule pathway and IncMSE = 93.3% in the cingulum pathway). Levels of A beta(38) and p-tau also contributed to cholinergic WM degeneration, especially in the external capsule pathway (IncMSE = 28.4% and IncMSE = 23.4%, respectively). The A beta(42/40) ratio did not contribute notably to the models (IncMSE<3.0%). APOE epsilon 4 carriers showed poorer integrity in the cingulum pathway (IncMSE = 21.33%). Women showed poorer integrity of the external capsule pathway (IncMSE = 21.55%), which was independent of amyloid status as reflected by the nonsignificant differences in integrity when comparing amyloid-positive vs amyloid-negative women participants (T-201 = -1.55; p = 0.123). Discussion In cognitively unimpaired older individuals, WMLs play a central role in the degeneration of cholinergic pathways. Our findings highlight the importance of WM lesion burden in the elderly population, which should be considered in the development of prevention programs for neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment.
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39.
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40.
  • Chibnik, L. B., et al. (författare)
  • Trends in the incidence of dementia: design and methods in the Alzheimer Cohorts Consortium
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 32:10, s. 931-938
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Several studies have reported a decline in incidence of dementia which may have large implications for the projected burden of disease, and provide important guidance to preventive efforts. However, reports are conflicting or inconclusive with regard to the impact of gender and education with underlying causes of a presumed declining trend remaining largely unidentified. The Alzheimer Cohorts Consortium aggregates data from nine international population-based cohorts to determine changes in the incidence of dementia since 1990. We will employ Poisson regression models to calculate incidence rates in each cohort and Cox proportional hazard regression to compare 5-year cumulative hazards across study-specific epochs. Finally, we will meta-analyse changes per decade across cohorts, and repeat all analysis stratified by sex, education and APOE genotype. In all cohorts combined, there are data on almost 69,000 people at risk of dementia with the range of follow-up years between 2 and 27. The average age at baseline is similar across cohorts ranging between 72 and 77. Uniting a wide range of disease-specific and methodological expertise in research teams, the first analyses within the Alzheimer Cohorts Consortium are underway to tackle outstanding challenges in the assessment of time-trends in dementia occurrence.
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