| 121. |
- Höglund, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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The predictive value of C-reactive protein on recurrence of atrial fibrillation after cardioversion with or without treatment with atorvastatin
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 167:5, s. 2088-2091
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels prior to cardioversion (CV) predict recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients randomized to treatment with either atorvastatin or placebo 30 and 180 days after CV. Methods: This was a prespecified substudy of 128 patients with persistent AF randomized to treatment with atorvastatin 80 mg/day or placebo, initiated 14 days before CV, and continued 30 days after CV. HsCRP levels were measured at randomization, at the time of CV, and 2 days and 30 days after CV. Results: In univariate analysis of those who were in sinus rhythm 2 h after CV, hsCRP did not significantly (odds ratio [OR] 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99-1.25) predict recurrence of AF at 30 days. However, after adjusting for treatment with atorvastatin, hsCRP predicted the recurrence of AF (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.27). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis with gender, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, cholesterol, and treatment with atorvastatin as covariates, the association was still significant (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.29). Six months after CV, hsCRP at randomization predicted recurrence of AF in both univariate analysis (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.06-1.60) and in multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.06-1.67). Conclusion: HsCRP was associated with AF recurrence one and six months after successful CV of persistent AF. However, the association at one month was significant only after adjusting for atorvastatin treatment.
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| 122. |
- Jander, Nikolaus, et al.
(författare)
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Indexing aortic valve area by body surface area increases the prevalence of severe aortic stenosis
- 2014
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Ingår i: Heart. - : BMJ. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X. ; 100:1, s. 28-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background To account for differences in body size in patients with aortic stenosis, aortic valve area (AVA) is divided by body surface area (BSA) to calculate indexed AVA (AVA(index)). Cut-off values for severe stenosis are <1.0cm(2) for AVA and <0.6cm(2)/m(2) for AVA(index). Objective To investigate the influence of indexation on the prevalence of severe aortic stenosis and on the predictive accuracy regarding clinical outcome. Methods Echocardiographic and anthropometric data from a retrospective cohort of 2843 patients with aortic stenosis (jet velocity >2.5m/s) and from 1525 patients prospectively followed in the simvastatin and ezetimibe in aortic stenosis (SEAS) trial were analysed. Results The prevalence of severe stenosis increased with the AVA(index) criterion compared to AVA from 71% to 80% in the retrospective cohort, and from 29% to 44% in SEAS (both p<0.001). Overall, the predictive accuracy for aortic valve events was virtually identical for AVA and AVA(index) in the SEAS population (mean follow-up of 46months; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.67 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.70) vs 0.68 (CI 0.65 to 0.71) (NS). However, 213 patients additionally categorised as severe by AVA(index) experienced significantly less valve related events than those fulfilling only the AVA criterion (p<0.001). Conclusions Indexing AVA by BSA (AVA(index)) significantly increases the prevalence of patients with criteria for severe stenosis by including patients with a milder degree of the disease without improving the predictive accuracy for aortic valve related events.
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| 123. |
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| 124. |
- Jander, Nikolaus, et al.
(författare)
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Outcome of Patients With Low-Gradient "Severe" Aortic Stenosis and Preserved Ejection Fraction
- 2011
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Ingår i: Circulation. - 1524-4539 .- 0009-7322. ; 123:8, s. 887-895
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background-Retrospective studies have suggested that patients with a low transvalvular gradient in the presence of an aortic valve area <1.0 cm(2) and normal ejection fraction may represent a subgroup with an advanced stage of aortic valve disease, reduced stroke volume, and poor prognosis requiring early surgery. We therefore evaluated the outcome of patients with low-gradient "severe" stenosis (defined as aortic valve area < 1.0 cm(2) and mean gradient <= 40 mm Hg) in the prospective Simvastatin and Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis (SEAS) study. Methods and Results-Outcome in patients with low-gradient "severe" aortic stenosis was compared with outcome in patients with moderate stenosis (aortic valve area 1.0 to 1.5 cm(2); mean gradient 25 to 40 mm Hg). The primary end point of aortic valve events included death from cardiovascular causes, aortic valve replacement, and heart failure due to aortic stenosis. Secondary end points were major cardiovascular events and cardiovascular death. In 1525 asymptomatic patients (mean age, 67 +/- 10 years; ejection fraction, >= 55%), baseline echocardiography revealed low-gradient severe stenosis in 435 patients (29%) and moderate stenosis in 184 (12%). Left ventricular mass was lower in patients with low-gradient severe stenosis than in those with moderate stenosis (182 +/- 64 versus 212 +/- 68 g; P < 0.01). During 46 months of follow-up, aortic valve events occurred in 48.5% versus 44.6%, respectively (P=0.37; major cardiovascular events, 50.9% versus 48.5%, P=0.58; cardiovascular death, 7.8% versus 4.9%, P=0.19). Low-gradient severe stenosis patients with reduced stroke volume index (<= 35 mL/m(2); n=223) had aortic valve events comparable to those in patients with normal stroke volume index (46.2% versus 50.9%; P=0.53). Conclusions-Patients with low-gradient "severe" aortic stenosis and normal ejection fraction have an outcome similar to that in patients with moderate stenosis. (Circulation. 2011;123:887-895.)
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| 125. |
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| 126. |
- Jander, Nikolaus, et al.
(författare)
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Velocity ratio predicts outcomes in patients with low gradient severe aortic stenosis and preserved EF
- 2014
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Ingår i: Heart. - : BMJ. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X. ; 100:24, s. 1946-1953
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To evaluate the usefulness of velocity ratio (VR) in patients with low gradient severe aortic stenosis (LGSAS) and preserved EF.Background LGSAS despite preserved EF represents a clinically challenging entity. Reliance on mean pressure gradient (MPG) may underestimate stenosis severity as has been reported in the context of paradoxical low flow, LGSAS. On the other hand, grading of stenosis severity by aortic valve area (AVA) may overrate stenosis severity due to erroneous underestimation of LV outflow tract (LVOT) diameter, small body size or inconsistencies in cut-off values for severe stenosis. We hypothesised that VR may have conceptual advantages over MPG and AVA, predict clinical outcomes and thereby be useful in the management of patients with LGSAS.Methods Patients from the prospective Simvastatin and Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis (SEAS) study with an AVA<1.0 cm(2), MPG <= 40 mm Hg and EF >= 55% and asymptomatic at baseline were stratified according to VR with a cut-off value of 0.25. Outcomes were evaluated according to aortic valve-related events and cardiovascular death.Results Of 435 patients with LGSAS, 197 (45%) had VR<0.25 suggesting severe and 238 (55%) had VR >= 0.25 suggesting non-severe stenosis. Aortic valve-related events (mean follow-up 42 +/- 14 months) were more frequent in patients with VR<0.25 (57% vs 41%; p<0.001) as was cardiovascular death within the first 24 months (p<0.05). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, MPG was the strongest independent predictor of aortic valve events (p<0.001) followed by VR (p<0.02). Adjusting AVA by VR increased predictive accuracy for aortic valve events (area under the receiver operating curve 0.62 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.67) vs 0.56 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.61) for AVA, p=0.02) with net reclassification improvement calculated at 0.36 (95% CI 0.17 to 0.54, p<0.001). VR did not improve the prediction of clinical events by MPG.Conclusions In the difficult setting of LGSAS, VR shows a strong association with valve-related events and - although not outperforming MPG-may be particularly useful in guiding clinical management.
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| 127. |
- Jernberg, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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BNP eller NT-proBNP bör analyseras vid misstänkt hjärtsvikt : Riktlinjer för analys och tolkning
- 2006
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 103:17, s. 1289-1292, 1295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Available data indicate that the use of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) or N-terminal-proBNP (NT-proBNP) improve the diagnostics of suspected heart failure as compared to the currently used clinical diagnosis. The increased use of these diagnostic aids is therefore desirable. Since the predictive values are less than 100 procent and the levels are affected by many other factors but heart failure, the results of such measurement should not be used in isolation, but together with a proper clinical judgement. BNP and NT-proBNP are strongly related to the prognosis of most heart diseases, but we are still missing sufficient scientific proof to recommend the measurement of these hormones routinely for monitoring and therapy control.
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| 128. |
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| 129. |
- Johansson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of systemic immunoreactivity to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin in relation to the incidence of myocardial infarction
- 2011
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Ingår i: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2334. ; 11:1, s. 55-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Chronic infections and associated inflammatory markers are suggested risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-1, is suggested to play a role in the regulation of local inflammatory responses in both CVD and periodontitis. The leukotoxin from the periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans has recently been shown to cause abundant secretion of IL-1 from macrophages. The aim of the present study was to compare the prevalence of systemic immunoreactivity to A. actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin in myocardial infarction (MI) cases (n=532) and matched controls (n=1000) in a population-based case and referents study in northern Sweden. Methods: Capacity to neutralize A. actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin was analyzed in a bioassay with leukocytes, purified leukotoxin, and plasma. Plasma samples that inhibited lactate-dehydrogenase release from leukotoxin-lysed cells by 50 % were classified as positive. Results: Neutralizing capacity against A. actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin was detected in 53.3% of the plasma samples. The ability to neutralize leukotoxin correlated to increasing age in men (n=1082) but not in women (n=450). There was no correlation between presence of systemic leukotoxin neutralization capacity and the incidence of MI, except for women (n=146). Women with a low neutralizing capacity had a significantly higher incidence of MI than those who had a high neutralizing capacity. Conclusions: Systemic immunoreactivity against A. actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin was found at a high prevalence in the analyzed population of adults from northern Sweden. The results from the present study do not support the hypothesis that systemic leukotoxin-neutralizing capacity can decrease the risk for MI.
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| 130. |
- Johansson, Ingegerd, et al.
(författare)
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Associations among 25-year trends in diet, cholesterol and BMI from 140,000 observations in men and women in Northern Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nutrition Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2891. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In the 1970s, men in northern Sweden had among the highest prevalences of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) worldwide. An intervention program combining population- and individual-oriented activities was initiated in 1985. Concurrently, collection of information on medical risk factors, lifestyle and anthropometry started. Today, these data make up one of the largest databases in the world on diet intake in a population- based sample, both in terms of sample size and follow-up period. The study examines trends in food and nutrient intake, serum cholesterol and body mass index (BMI) from 1986 to 2010 in northern Sweden.Methods: Cross-sectional information on self-reported food and nutrient intake and measured body weight, height, and serum cholesterol were compiled for over 140,000 observations. Trends and trend breaks over the 25-year period were evaluated for energy-providing nutrients, foods contributing to fat intake, serum cholesterol and BMI.Results: Reported intake of fat exhibited two significant trend breaks in both sexes: a decrease between 1986 and 1992 and an increase from 2002 (women) or 2004 (men). A reverse trend was noted for carbohydrates, whereas protein intake remained unchanged during the 25-year period. Significant trend breaks in intake of foods contributing to total fat intake were seen. Reported intake of wine increased sharply for both sexes (more so for women) and export beer increased for men. BMI increased continuously for both sexes, whereas serum cholesterol levels decreased during 1986 - 2004, remained unchanged until 2007 and then began to rise. The increase in serum cholesterol coincided with the increase in fat intake, especially with intake of saturated fat and fats for spreading on bread and cooking.Conclusions: Men and women in northern Sweden decreased their reported fat intake in the first 7 years (19861992) of an intervention program. After 2004 fat intake increased sharply for both genders, which coincided with introduction of a positive media support for low carbohydrate-high-fat (LCHF) diet. The decrease and following increase in cholesterol levels occurred simultaneously with the time trends in food selection, whereas a constant increase in BMI remained unaltered. These changes in risk factors may have important effects on primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
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