| 1. |
- Bråbäck, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Atopic sensitization and respiratory symptoms among Polish and Swedish school children
- 1994
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Ingår i: Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - 0954-7894. ; 24:9, s. 826-835
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allergic sensitization and symptoms from the airways in relation to air pollution were compared in 10-12-year-old school children (n = 1113) from urban Konin in central Poland and both urban and rural parts of Sundsvall in northern Sweden. The measurements included parental questionnaires, skin-prick tests and serial peak flow measurements during 2 weeks with simultaneous monitoring of outdoor air pollutants. The skin-prick test technique was validated by IgE antibody determinations. The levels of common industrial pollutants, SO2 and smoke particles were much higher in Konin than in urban Sundsvall and the levels of NO2 were similar. Various respiratory symptoms were more often reported among school children in Konin (except for wheezing and diagnosed asthma). Multiple logistic regression analyses yielded the following increased odds ratios for children in Konin as compared with the reference group (rural Sundsvall): chest tightness and breathlessness 3.48 (95% confidence interval 2.08-5.82), exercise-induced coughing attacks 3.69 (95% confidence interval 1.68-8.10), recurrent episodes of common cold 2.79 (95% confidence interval 1.53-5.09) and prolonged cough 4.89 (95% confidence interval 2.59-9.23). In contrast, as compared with rural Sundsvall, the adjusted odds ratio for a positive skin-prick test was decreased in Konin, but increased in urban Sundsvall, 0.58 (95% confidence interval 0.37-0.91) and 1.67 (95% confidence interval 1.15-2.42) respectively. The study confirms that living in urban, as compared with rural areas, is associated with an increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms and sensitization to allergens. These differences could be explained by air pollution. Respiratory symptoms were more common in a similar urban group of Polish children who were exposed to even higher levels of air pollution. These children, however, had a much lower prevalence of sensitization to allergens, as compared with the Swedish children. This indicates that differences in lifestyle and standard of living between western Europe and a former socialist country influences the prevalence of atopy.
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| 2. |
- Knutsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Serum lipoproteins in day and shift workers: a prosspective study
- 1990
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Ingår i: British journal of industrial medicine. - 0007-1072. ; 47:2, s. 132-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was designed to assess changes in diet and serum lipoproteins in shift workers. Twelve shift workers and 13 day workers were examined before employment and after six months at work. Total cholesterol and serum triglycerides did not change significantly. In both groups a decrease in systolic blood pressure was observed. The ratio between apoB and apoA-1 lipoproteins increased by 18% in shift workers compared with 5% in day workers. The change in the ratio between apoB and apoA-1 lipoproteins showed a significant inverse correlation with the change in intake of dietary fibres
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| 3. |
- Knutsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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The healthy-worker effect : Self-selection among Swedish shift workers
- 1992
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Ingår i: Work & Stress. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0267-8373 .- 1464-5335. ; 6:2, s. 163-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports a study on the 'healthy-worker effect' related to shift work. The study sample comprised 53 male applicants for blue-collar jobs. The subjects who applied for shift work (m = 30) did not differ from those who applied for day work (n = 23) regarding previous illnesses or current symptoms. However, data on self-reported sleep behaviour indicated that a higher percentage of prospective shift workers had a less rigid sleep pattern than did prospective day workers. The results suggest that there might be a self-selection to shift work by individuals with specific sleep behaviours that might facilitate future coping with odd work hours.
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| 4. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Sellström, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Injuries in Swedish Day-Care Centers
- 1994
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Ingår i: Pediatrics. - 0031-4005. ; 84:6, s. 1033-1036
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the developed countries, an increasing number of children are enrolled in day-care centers. When parents leave their child in a day-care center they expect high standards of health and safety. Accidental injuries are a major threat in this age group. In a comparable institution that serves children, the school, the risk of injury is higher than in the home environment.1-2 Thus, safety in day-care centers cannot be taken for granted. A few studies of injuries in day-care centers have been reported, from the Nordic countries2,3-5 and from the US.6-10 Most of these studies, however, have been small and most lack information on time of exposure. Information about the risk of injury in Swedish day-care centers might be of interest as enrollment has been high for a long time. In Sweden, within the frame of a national injury program,11 a number of local hospital- and health center-based injury report systems have been set up. All have a basic common coding. These systems enable compilation of injuries in day-care centers on a national basis. The aim of our study was to analyze child injuries in day-care centers as reported in 10 local injury registry systems in Sweden regarding incidence, type, and mechanism of injury. METHOD Data were compiled from 10 local injury registry systems, covering 1- to 2-year periods. The earliest registers were from the years 1983 to 1984 and the latest from 1991. These systems were set up in all medical institutions at a predefined level, covering all individuals in a total or a part of a county.
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| 8. |
- Soares, Joaquim, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Backward masking and skin conductance responses after conditioning to nonfeared but fear-relevant stimuli in fearful subjects.
- 1993
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Ingår i: Psychophysiology. - : Wiley. - 0048-5772 .- 1469-8986. ; 30:5, s. 460-466
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study examined two issues. Are skin conductance responses conditioned to fear-relevant stimuli, as contrasted with responses conditioned to fear-irrelevant stimuli, elicited after merely an automatic, nonconscious analysis of the stimulus content? Do fearful subjects show better conditioning to nonfeared but fear-relevant stimuli (e.g., conditioning to spiders in snake-fearing subjects) than do nonfearful subjects? Subjects afraid of snakes, but not of spiders, or vice versa (n= 32) and nonfearful subjects (n= 32) were shown either fear-relevant stimuli (snakes or spiders and rats) or fear-irrelevant stimuli (flowers and mushrooms) in a differential conditioning paradigm, where one of the stimuli was followed by an electric shock. During a subsequent extinction phase, the conditioned stimuli were presented under backward masking conditions, preventing their conscious recognition. Consistent with our hypothesis, during the masked extinction of the conditioned stimuli, differential skin conductance responses to conditioning and control stimuli remained only for subjects conditioned to fear-relevant stimuli. Both fearful and nonfearful control subjects had significantly larger differential electrodermal responses to fear-relevant than to fear-irrelevant stimuli. However, contrary to our hypothesis, fearful subjects did not show enhanced conditionability to their nonfeared but fear-relevant stimuli as compared with nonfearful control subjects.
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| 9. |
- Soares, Joaquim, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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On the automatic nature of phobic fear: Conditioned electrodermal responses to masked fear-relevant stimuli
- 1993
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Ingår i: Journal of Abnormal Psychology. - 0021-843X .- 1939-1846. ; 102:1, s. 121-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Normal subjects (n = 64) were exposed either to pictures of snakes and spiders or to pictures of flowers and mushrooms in a differential conditioning paradigm in which one of the pictures signaled an electric shock. In a subsequent extinction series, these stimuli were presented backwardly masked by another stimulus for half of the subjects, whereas the other half received non-masked extinction. In support of a hypothesis that suggests that nonconscious information-processing mechanims are sufficient to activate responses to fear-relevant stimuli, differential skin conductance response to masked conditioning and control stimuli was obvious only for subjects conditioned to fear-relevant stimuli. These results were replicated in a second experiment (n = 32), which also demonstrated that the effect was unaffected by which visual half-field was used for stimulus presentation.
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| 10. |
- Soares, Joaquim, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Preattentive processing, preparedness and phobias: Effects of instructions on conditioned electrodermal responses to masked and non-masked fear-relevant stimuli
- 1993
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 31:1, s. 87-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We hypothetized that autonomic responses conditioned to fear-relevant stimuli, in contrast to responses conditioned to neutral stimuli, can be elicited after only an automatic, non-conscious analysis of the stimulus. Consequently, they may be expected to be insensitive to verbal instructions. Normal subjects were conditioned to either fear-relevant stimuli (snakes or spiders) or neutral stimuli (flowers or mushrooms) in a differential conditioning paradigm with shock as the unconditioned stimulus. In a subsequent extinction series, half of the subjects were shown the conditioned stimuli under masking conditions preventing their conscious recognition, whereas the other half were exposed to non-masked stimuli. Then half of the subjects in each of the masking conditions were verbally instructed that no more shocks would be delivered and then the extinction trials followed. Consistent with our hypothesis, differential responses to the fear-relevant CSs+ and CSs− remained unaffected by both masking and instruction, whereas differential responding to neutral stimuli was wiped out by the masking procedure and the verbal instruction.
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