| 1. |
- Dolles, Harald, 1961, et al.
(author)
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Learning from Success: Implementing a Professional Football League in Japan
- 2011
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In: Sport as Business: International, Professional and Commercial Aspects. - Houndmills, Basingstoke (UK) : Palgrave Macmillan. ; , s. 228-250
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- By considering the implementation, as well as the immediate and sustainable success of the Japanese professional football league (J-League) during its first two decades as a neglected research example, the authors apply the “network of value captures” research framework to the Japanese context. This research framework identifies and describes the business parameters of professional football (soccer) by the following dimensions: (1) the product and its features; (2) various customer groups; and (3) the future vision of the club as central to different levels of strategy aggregation. This chapter provides insights into the management of football in Japan by revealing different practices compared to Europe e.g. in target customer groups, in associated product marketing and merchandising or in distribution of media revenues. The success-story of the J-League also contributes to an increasing international awareness of Japanese football, its players and its fans.
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| 2. |
- Dolles, Harald, 1961, et al.
(author)
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Sport as a Business: Introduction
- 2011
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In: Sport as Business: International, Professional and Commercial Aspects. - Houndmills, Basingstoke (UK) : Palgrave Macmillan. ; , s. 1-12
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Sport today has developed into a major industry in the global market place. Sport businesses build global brands and, increasingly, develop modes of international operation. The proliferation of information technology has made it possible for the sports industry to serve the needs of fans all over the world. They can consume an event real-time or recorded from virtually anywhere. Within this, the opportunities for the promotion of sport, and the benefits for sport and its partners, are significant. This book seeks to provide a deeper understanding of sport’s unique development, its challenges in governance and its logic of value co-creation, as well as the advancement of the sports industry and the management of sports facilities towards internationalisation, professionalization and commercialisation. It covers examples from Europe, Asia, North America, Australia and New Zealand.
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| 3. |
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Sport as Business: International, Professional and Commercial Aspects
- 2011
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Sport today has developed into a major industry in the global market place. Sport businesses build global brands and, increasingly, develop modes of international operation. The proliferation of information technology has made it possible for the sports industry to serve the needs of fans all over the world. They can consume an event real-time or recorded from virtually anywhere. Within this, the opportunities for the promotion of sport, and the benefits for sport and its partners, are significant. This book seeks to provide a deeper understanding of sport’s unique development, its challenges in governance and its logic of value co-creation, as well as the advancement of the sports industry and the management of sports facilities towards internationalisation, professionalization and commercialisation. It covers examples from Europe, Asia, North America, Australia and New Zealand.
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| 4. |
- Dolles, Harald, 1961, et al.
(author)
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Addressing Ecology and Sustainability in Mega-sporting Events : The 2006 Football World Cup in Germany
- 2010
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In: Journal of Management and Organization. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1833-3672 .- 1839-3527. ; 16:4, s. 587-600
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For the first time in the history of FIFA (Federation Internationale de Football Association), the football (soccer) World Cup held in Germany 2006 specifically addressed environmental concerns. By doing so, the German Organizing Committee did not have the objective of creating a short-term vision, but rather of making a long-term and lasting contribution to the improvement of environmental protection in hosting a mega-sporting event. By taking the football world cup in Germany as a case study, we will provide insights into the so-called 'Green Goal' programme and its four main areas: water, waste, energy, and transportation. From a global point of view, climate protection was added by the Organizing Committee as the fifth area of action and was recognised as a cross-sectorial task. Finally, questions are addressed on how to apply those measurements in the planning and organisation of other mega (-sporting) events.
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| 5. |
- Söderman, Sten, et al.
(author)
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Sponsoring the Beijing Olympic Games : patterns of sponsor advertising
- 2010
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In: Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics. - : Emerald. - 1355-5855 .- 1758-4248. ; 22:1, s. 8-24
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify and describe the key driving forces in international sponsorship during the years preceding the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing.Design/methodology/approach: A "means-objectives model" is applied, thereby linking sponsorship to brand equity factors and to strategic aims. Co-branding, revenue streams and new customers are identified as means factors. The objective factors are presented in three dimensions: product, corporation and region. The analysis is based on 492 advertisements, articles and press releases collected from Chinese newspapers and Chinese official web pages covering the period 2001-2007.Findings: Analysis sees seven dominant means-objectives combinations in sponsorship leading to different pattern of sponsor advertising strategies depending on the lead time to the Olympic Games. First, sponsors mainly focus on co-branding marketing efforts. In the second stage, global Olympic sponsors link co-branding with corporation image, Chinese brands are focusing on product/corporation image and new customers. In the third stage global Olympic sponsors focus more on local markets and customers in advertising. Chinese brands tend to keep an activation strategy based on revenue and product. Only a few local sponsors place emphasis on leveraging their sponsorship investment toward creating an international image.Research limitations/implications: Data collection is limited to a period of altogether three months in 2006 and 2007, focusing on Chinese print media available in Beijing and Shanghai universities' libraries. Given the size of the Chinese media market the data therefore consist only of a random selection of advertisements. Further, the sample does not cover different marketing channels, like TV, radio etc., which might also be part of the sponsor's advertising strategy.Originality/value: In addition to providing further understanding of Olympic sponsor advertising behavior and sponsorship in an emerging market context, this paper provides insights into how the strategic aims related to sponsorship depended on the level of internationalization of the firm.
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| 6. |
- Dolles, Harald, 1961, et al.
(author)
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Managing Sport: Governance and Performance: Best Papers from the “Sport as Business”-Track at the EURAM Annual Meeting in Rome 2010”, special issue Sport Business and Management: An International Journal
- 2011
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In: Sport, Business and Management. - 2042-678X. ; 1:3, s. 214-218
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The papers accepted for the “Sport as a Business”-SIG Track at EURAM in Rome (2010) were divided into four major groups: governance, football, individual/teams and branding/sponsorship., Five of the best papers out of those groups, were included in the present SBM volume. The first two articles are on governance: Leigh Robinson and Brian Minikin give a general picture on strategic capacity in one type of sport organization the Olympic organization and Mathieu Winand with three colleagues- Benoît Rihoux, David Qualizza and Thierry Zintz- elaborates on the ten key determinants leading to high performance in sport organizations in one country. After these two governance featured contributions the third article is on football. Benoit Senaux analyses the increasing commercialization in France and the shifts in its institutional logics. Winfried Ruigkrok and his two colleagues, Peder Greve and Martin Engeler shed light on the individual aspect i.e. all 736 players in the World Cup 2006, the project teams and team performance. The fifth article, representing the fourth of our four groups, is on sponsoring and the German Bundesliga. Christoph Breuer and Christopher Rumpf report from an examination of the stimuli on consumers’ memorization of sponsoring brands in a TV context.
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| 7. |
- Dolles, Harald, 1961, et al.
(author)
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プロ・サッカーのマネジメントにおける経済価値獲得のネットワーク--日本プロ・サッカー・リーグ発展の分析
- 2011
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In: 商学論纂. - 0286-7702. ; 52:1-2, s. 195-232
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- この研究は，サッカの国際的な特徴を見ることによって，プロ・サッカーのマネジメントにおける経済価値獲得を展開させることを目的とするヨーロッパの認識や事例をベースに，プロ・サーツカーが他のビジネスと違うところのビジネス要因を確認し記述する。経済価値獲得のネットワークには次のような局面がある。(1)製品とその特徴，(2)多様な顧客グループ，(3)戦略群の異なるレベルに対するクラブの中核となる今後のピジョン。この3つの経済価値獲得がどのように結びついているか理解することは，実際の関連性と重要性の点で意味を持つことになる。本稿では，日本のプロ・サッカーをサッカー・ビジネスのグローバルな広がりのもとで取り上げていく。初めの10年間のJリーグを否定的な研究例としてだけでなく，ただちに実施し支持できる成功例として捉えることによって，経済価値獲得のネットワークを日本の状況へ適用することにする。最後にサッカー・ビジネスの国際的普及における2つの支配的な傾向一一日本のサッカーを普及させる上で効果のあることーーを詳しく述べることにする。1つは，新たな市場の創設と2つは，地球規模のブランドとしてサッカー・クラブを発展させること，である。
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| 8. |
- Dolles, Harald, 1961, et al.
(author)
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Managing Football – International & Global Developments
- 2010
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In: Managing Football: An International Perspective. - Amsterdam : Butterworth-Heinemann, Elsevier. - 9781856175449 ; , s. 85-101
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- • Understand the distinctive features of the football business and its international dimensions. • Identify and define the stakeholders in football business. • Identify international trends. • Enhance further trends based on a conceptual framework. • Develop own international strategies for the business of football. First the unique challenges in the management of football will be explored by introducing the “network of value captures” framework. The framework helps to analyse specific activities through which football can create value and competitive advantage. Subsequently, we will outline six “mini-cases” which will be linked to the framework. These cases depict the increasing internationalisation of football and its particular interest for research in the field of international business. After each case, at least one discussion question will be formulated. In the last section, we will provide a short conclusion, a glossary, guided readings, websites for further research interest, and guidelines for the discussion.
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| 9. |
- Lund, Ragnar, 1979-
(author)
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Leveraging cooperative strategy - cases of sports and arts sponsorship
- 2011
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis describes and analyzes factors that shape and characterise cooperative strategy in sports and arts sponsorship. Organisations in the fields of sport and art are becoming increasingly dependent on sponsors for survival and growth. Relative to the impact that these externally acquired resources have on decision making, a theoretical and practical understanding of how such relationships develop, and the factors that influence their outcome, is lagging behind. Sponsorship strategy is based on the indirect exchange relationship between a sponsor and its customers. The relationship between the two is mediated by a sports or arts organization. In the studies I am developing theory on how dynamic capabilities of sports and arts organizations are formed in the interaction with their sponsors and how these can leverage cooperative strategy. The findings are presented in four articles. They are based on two longitudinal case studies: the first, with a large scale sports entity; the second, with a Swedish arts organization. Both were in the process of developing and implementing sponsorship programs. I studied these two organizations, and their interactions with selected sponsors, through a combination of research techniques - including interviews and action research - over a three year period. This is the first attempt to empirically demonstrate how capabilities and resources in the sports and arts fields are formed and evolve through interaction with commercial sponsors. Key factors that impact the value creation from combined resources through partner capabilities are: transparency, legitimacy, goal convergence, power asymmetries, resource complementarities, and systems for knowledge sharing. Individual level capabilities are network brokers who hold responsibility for both internal resource mobilization and identifying potential synergies between partners. Organizational capabilities are the infrastructure through which partners operated.
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| 10. |
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