| 1. |
- Abrahamsson, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Aerosolized particulate matter from fragmentation of carbon nanotube-enhanced concrete
- 2023
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Ingår i: Abstracts from the 2022 Airmon-10 conference and the 2023 Inhaled Particles and NanOEH conference. - 2398-7316 .- 2398-7308. ; 67:Supplement_1, s. i94-i95
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Construction and demolition workers are exposed to high levels of particulate matter (PM) from building materials throughout their working life. Although nano-enabled building materials (NEBMs) may improve the performance and functionality of buildings, concerns are being raised regarding health risks from occupational exposure to PM from NEBMs. In this work, an experimental set-up for integrated resuspension and characterization of PM from NEBMs was developed and tested using three types of concrete (low density, normal, high strength), each enhanced with Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) at different concentrations (0, low, high). The performance of portable devices used in occupational exposure assessments (DustTrak and NanoTracer) was compared with stationary instruments and gravimetric filter techniques. 40-70% of the mass and 90-98% of the number of particles were within the respirable fraction, with primary modes at 150 nm and 2-3 µm. Addition of CNTs significantly decreased mean particle number concentrations (PNCs) across the entire characterized size range (7 nm - 20 µm) for low density concrete, whereas the opposite was the case for normal strength and high strength concrete. It was hypothesised that the concrete matrix primarily governs the PM formation, which is in turn modulated by CNT-matrix interactions either suppressing or supporting fragmentation during crushing. SEM imaging could display partially submerged CNTs protruding from concrete fragments. Fundamental interactions at the interface of the nanomaterial and the surrounding matrix needs to be investigated to determine how the PM generated from NEBMs differ from their non-nano counterparts and how to prevent future exposure during demolition.
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| 2. |
- Abrahamsson, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of airborne dust emissions from three types of crushed multi-walled carbon nanotube-enhanced concretes
- 2024
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Ingår i: NanoImpact. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2452-0748. ; 34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dispersing Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) into concrete at low (<1 wt% in cement) concentrations may improve concrete performance and properties and provide enhanced functionalities. When MWCNT-enhanced concrete is fragmented during remodelling or demolition, the stiff, fibrous and carcinogenic MWCNTs will, however, also be part of the respirable particulate matter released in the process. Consequently, systematic aerosolizing of crushed MWCNT-enhanced concretes in a controlled environment and measuring the properties of this aerosol can give valuable insights into the characteristics of the emissions such as concentrations, size range and morphology. These properties impact to which extent the emissions can be inhaled as well as where they are expected to deposit in the lung, which is critical to assess whether these materials might constitute a future health risk for construction and demolition workers. In this work, the impact from MWCNTs on aerosol characteristics was assessed for samples of three concrete types with various amounts of MWCNT, using a novel methodology based on the continuous drop method. MWCNT-enhanced concretes were crushed, aerosolized and the emitted particles were characterized with online and offline techniques. For light-weight porous concrete, the addition of MWCNT significantly reduced the respirable mass fraction (RESP) and particle number concentrations (PNC) across all size ranges (7 nm – 20 μm), indicating that MWCNTs dampened the fragmentation process by possibly reinforcing the microstructure of brittle concrete. For normal concrete, the opposite could be seen, where MWCNTs resulted in drastic increases in RESP and PNC, suggesting that the MWCNTs may be acting as defects in the concrete matrix, thus enhancing the fragmentation process. For the high strength concrete, the fragmentation decreased at the lowest MWCNT concentration, but increased again for the highest MWCNT concentration. All tested concrete types emitted <100 nm particles, regardless of CNT content. SEM imaging displayed CNTs protruding from concrete fragments, but no free fibres were detected.
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| 3. |
- Ahlfors, Reetta, et al.
(författare)
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Arabidopsis RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1 belongs to the WWE protein-protein interaction domain protein family and modulates abscisic acid, ethylene, and methyl jasmonate responses.
- 2004
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Ingår i: The Plant Cell. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1040-4651 .- 1532-298X. ; 16:7, s. 1925-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experiments with several Arabidopsis thaliana mutants have revealed a web of interactions between hormonal signaling. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis mutant radical-induced cell death1 (rcd1), although hypersensitive to apoplastic superoxide and ozone, is more resistant to chloroplastic superoxide formation, exhibits reduced sensitivity to abscisic acid, ethylene, and methyl jasmonate, and has altered expression of several hormonally regulated genes. Furthermore, rcd1 has higher stomatal conductance than the wild type. The rcd1-1 mutation was mapped to the gene At1g32230 where it disrupts an intron splice site resulting in a truncated protein. RCD1 belongs to the (ADP-ribosyl)transferase domain–containing subfamily of the WWE protein–protein interaction domain protein family. The results suggest that RCD1 could act as an integrative node in hormonal signaling and in the regulation of several stress-responsive genes.
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| 4. |
- Al Rayyes, Osama
(författare)
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Post-transplantation Hypercholesterolaemia
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The multidrug regimen, cyclosporine, corticosteroids, and azathioprine, is used in transplantation centres to prevent organ rejection. Several clinical studies have shown that cyclosporine and corticosteroids to cause increases in low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, with subsequent development of atherosclerosis. The overall objective of the studies upon which this thesis is based was to investigate the aetiology and management of hypercholesterolaemia in transplanted patients. The highly differentiated HepG2 hepatocytic cells were used in tissue culture to study LDL catabolism. The results show cyclosporine and hydrocortisone (as an example of corticosteroids), either alone or combined, to decrease LDL catabolism due to a decrease in the synthesis of mRNA of the LDL receptor. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase inhibitors can compensate for the reducing effect of cyclosporine and hydrocortisone. Two of the major complications of corticosteroid therapy are impaired glucose tolerance and Cushing's syndrome, associated with a great risk of complication by insulin-resistant non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Moreover, nephropathy is one of the long-term complications of diabetes mellitus, and associated with a risk of progression to renal failure necessitating transplantation. Troglitazone, a thiazolidinedione compound that is used in the treatment of insulin- resistant NIDDM, was examined to investigate its effect on LDL catabolism. The results showed troglitazone to increase LDL catabolism by increasing the synthesis of the LDL receptor mRNA. This effect may be due to an activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARg), as troglitazone is one of the PPAR gamma activators. Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have recently been shown to activate PPARs but they also inhibit the release of different inflammatory mediators and cytokines. The results obtained in HepG2 cells , showed NSAIDs, particularly flufenamic acid and indomethacin, to enhance LDL catabolism by increasing the synthesis of LDL receptor mRNA. This effect may be due to an activation of PPARs. The conclusion to be drawn from the studies is that, after organ transplantation, cyclosporine and hydrocortisone decrease hepatic LDL receptor activity, which can be counteracted by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins). Also troglitazone, due to its increase in hepatic LDL receptor activity, should be well suited for use after organ transplantation of diabetic subjects. In addition to their anti-inflammatory effects, NSAIDs might be useful in controlling hypercholesterolaemia induced atherosclerosis. The hypocholesterolaemic effect of troglitazone and NSAIDs might provide a theoretical basis for the development of new strategies for the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Ali, Nauman bin, Dr., et al.
(författare)
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A Comparison of Citation Sources for Reference and Citation-Based Search in Systematic Literature Reviews
- 2022
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Ingår i: e-Informatica Software Engineering Journal. - : Wroclaw University of Technology. - 1897-7979 .- 2084-4840. ; 16:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: In software engineering, snowball sampling has been used as a supplementary and primary search strategy. The current guidelines recommend using Google Scholar (GS) for snowball sampling. However, the use of GS presents several challenges when using it as a source for citations and references. Objective: To compare the effectiveness and usefulness of two leading citation databases (GS and Scopus) for use in snowball sampling search. Method: We relied on a published study that has used snowball sampling as a search strategy and GS as the citation source. We used its primary studies to compute precision and recall for Scopus. Results: In this particular case, Scopus was highly effective with 95% recall and had better precision of 5.1% compared to GS’s 2.8%. Moreover, Scopus found nine additional relevant papers. On average, one would read approximately 15 extra papers in GS than Scopus to identify one additional relevant paper. Furthermore, Scopus supports batch downloading of both citations and papers’ references, has better quality metadata, and does better source filtering. Conclusion: This study suggests that Scopus seems to be more effective and useful for snowball sampling than GS for systematic secondary studies attempting to identify peer-reviewed literature. EVIE © 2022 The Authors.
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| 7. |
- Berggren, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
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Free to trust : Economic freedom and social capital
- 2006
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Ingår i: Kyklos (Basel). - : Wiley. - 0023-5962 .- 1467-6435. ; 59:2, s. 141-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present new evidence on how generalized trust is formed. Unlike previous studies, we look at the explanatory power of economic institutions, we use newer data, we incorporate more countries, and we use instrumental variables in an attempt to handle the causality problem. A central result is that legal structure and security of property rights (area 2 of the Economic Freedom Index) increase trust. The idea is that a market economy, building on voluntary transactions and interactions with both friends and strangers within the predictability provided by the rule of law, entails both incentives and mechanisms for trust to emerge between people.
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| 8. |
- Bohgard, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Air Pollutants
- 1997
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Ingår i: The Workplace. - 8291833001 ; 1, s. 433-457
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedPollutants in the air can be in gaseous and particle (solid and liquid) phases. Interactions between these phases occur. The components are emitted to the air by different source mechanisms such as evaporation, disintegration of bulk material and chemical reactions. The significance of different transport mechanisms is, for airborne particles, dependent on the aerodynamic properties. Water solubility (for gases) and the aerodynamic properties (for particles) determine the site of deposition in the human airways. In work environments species with different physical, chemical and biological features can be abundant. A variety of methods are used to identify and quantify the pollutants. Remedial actions against health hazards include the substitution of materials and processes; preventing the airborne constituents reaching the environment (enclosures, hoods); local ventilation; general ventilation and respiratory protection.
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| 9. |
- Dieperink, W, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of presumed acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema in an ambulance system by nurses using Boussignac continuous positive airway pressure.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Emergency Medicine Journal. - : BMJ. - 1472-0205 .- 1472-0213. ; 26:2, s. 141-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) applied by face mask benefits patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (ACPE). The simple disposable Boussignac CPAP (BCPAP) has been used in ambulances by physicians. In the Netherlands, ambulances are manned by nurses and not physicians. It was hypothesised that ambulance nurses are able to identify patients with ACPE and can successfully apply BCPAP. A prospective case series of patients with presumed ACPE treated with BCPAP by ambulance nurses is described. METHODS: After training of ambulance nurses, all 33 ambulances in the region were equipped with BCPAP. ACPE was diagnosed on clinical signs and pulse oximetry saturation (Spo(2)) <95%. BCPAP (5 cm H(2)O, Fio(2)>80%) was generated with an oxygen flow of 15 l/min. The physiological responses, experiences and clinical outcomes of the patients were collected from ambulance and hospital records, and ambulance nurses and patients received a questionnaire. RESULTS: From March to December 2006, 32 patients (age range 61-94 years) received BCPAP during transport to six different regional hospitals. In 26 patients (81%) a diagnosis of ACPE was confirmed. With BCPAP, median (IQR) Spo(2) increased from 79% (69-94%) to 96% (89-98%) within 20 min. The median (IQR) duration of BCPAP treatment was 26 min (21-32). The patients had no negative recollections of the treatment. Ambulance personnel were satisfied with the BCPAP therapy. CONCLUSION: When applied by ambulance nurses, BCPAP was feasible and effective in improving oxygen saturation in patients with ACPE. Although survival benefit can only be demonstrated by further research, it is considered that BCPAP can be implemented in all ambulances in the Netherlands.
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| 10. |
- Franzén, Nils, 1987-
(författare)
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The presumption of realism
- 2024
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Ingår i: Philosophical Studies. - : Springer. - 0031-8116 .- 1573-0883. ; 181:5, s. 1191-1212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within contemporary metaethics, it is widely held that there is a “presumption of realism” in moral thought and discourse. Anti-realist views, like error theory and expressivism, may have certain theoretical considerations speaking in their favor, but our pretheoretical stance with respect to morality clearly favors objectivist metaethical views. This article argues against this widely held view. It does so by drawing from recent discussions about so-called “subjective attitude verbs” in linguistics and philosophy of language. Unlike pretheoretically objective predicates (e.g., “is made of wood”, “is 185 cm tall”), moral predicates embed felicitously under subjective attitude verbs like the English “find”. Moreover, it is argued that the widespread notion that moral discourse bears all the marks of fact-stating discourse is rooted in a blinkered focus on examples from English. Cross-linguistic considerations suggest that subjective attitude verbs are actually the default terms by which we ascribe moral views to people. Impressions to the contrary in English have to do with some unfortunate quirks of the term “think”.
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