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- Mooney, Benjamin
(författare)
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Impact of Microsetella norvegica on carbon flux attenuation and as a secondary producer during the polar night in the subarctic Porsangerfjord
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in marine science. - 2296-7745. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is known that Microsetella norvegica feed on phytoplankton and provide an important link to higher trophic levels in Arctic fjords, such as fish sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). It has recently been suggested that M. norvegica may also contribute substantially to carbon flux attenuation during periods of high abundance. However, we still know very little about how seasonal variations in abundance and vertical distribution of M. norvegica impact the efficiency of the biological carbon pump in Arctic fjords. We investigated the role of Microsetella norvegica, a small harpacticoid copepod, for particulate organic carbon flux attenuation via aggregate feeding in a subarctic fjord. We quantified the vertical distribution and abundance of M. norvegica, phytoplankton, and marine snow simultaneously with a Digital Autonomous Video Plankton Recorder in Porsangerfjord, northern Norway, between August 2013 and November 2014. We estimated the highest abundance of M. norvegica as 4.86x10(6) individuals m(-2) in October. Our results suggest that M. norvegica preferred diatoms over both marine snow and the prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis pouchetii during euphotic bloom conditions. However, during oligotrophic conditions when phytoplankton were scarce, M. norvegica switched to marine snow as a food source. M. norvegica has the potential to explain 1.4% and 0.29% of the total carbon flux attenuation in October and November, respectively. These results suggest that small copepods feed on settling detritus when no alternative food is available. Detritus feeding by M. norvegica may have an ecological impact during the polar night, both via direct carbon flux attenuation, but also as secondary producers in periods with low primary production. Currently small copepods such as M. norvegica are not included in carbon budgets or large-scale modelling, but considering their potentially high abundance they may represent an important but overlooked pathway in both the carbon cycle and trophic level interactions.
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- Mooney Simmie, Geraldine, et al.
(författare)
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Teachers’ democratic assignment : a critical discourse analysis of teacher education policies in Ireland and Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Discourse. Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0159-6306 .- 1469-3739. ; 40:6, s. 832-846
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: The needs of a globalized economy are rapidly changing what is legitimated as school knowledge and values in Europe and calling up a new understanding of teachers’ role in stimulating democratic spaces, which we have termed teachers’ democratic assignment. In this study we examined changing notions of teachers’ democratic assignment using a Critical Discourse Analysis grounded in the methodology of Fairclough (1995, 2004, 2013) and philosophical worldviews of education and democracy (Dewey 1959/1916; Edling, 2012, 2015; Englund, 2016). We tested our hypothesis that teachers’ democratic assignment has changed in rapid and unprecedented ways using a critical analysis of four public policy documents in teacher education in Ireland and Sweden. Our findings, albeit limited to only two policy documents in each country, reported a substantive and converging paradigm shift from a predominantly progressive (reconstructivist) discourse in the early years of this century to a more essentialist (perennialist) discourse in recent times. The findings will have interest for a wider audience and have implications for society and teacher education as a social responsibility for democracy and emancipation in turbulent times.
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, Rikard, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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The geography of starts-ups in Sweden : The role of human capital, social capital and agglomeration
- 2019
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Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Routledge. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 31:9-10, s. 735-754
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In academia as well as in policy circles, entrepreneurial activities are placed at the focal point for regional development. However, geographical factors such as urbanization and peripherality are often neglected in this strand of research despite the increasing need for place-specific policies. The aim of this paper is therefore to analyse how start-up rates vary across municipalities in Sweden 2002–2012 by focussing on spatial differences of human capital, social capital, entrepreneurial culture and industrial specialization. Our multilevel models show how the degree of rurality and peripherality, respectively, moderates the role of different regional resources. The paper concludes by suggesting the formulation of separate policies considering urban, rural and more peripheral regions.
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- Sol, E-ri Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Proteins altered by elevated levels of palmitate or glucose implicated in impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proteome Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1477-5956. ; 7, s. 24-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundDevelopment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by deranged insulin secretory patterns, where elevated insulin levels at non-stimulatory basal conditions and reduced hormonal levels at stimulatory conditions are major components. To delineate mechanisms responsible for these alterations we cultured INS-1E cells for 48 hours at 20 mM glucose in absence or presence of 0.5 mM palmitate, when stimulatory release was reduced or basal secretion was elevated, respectively.ResultsAfter culture, cells were protein profiled by SELDI-TOF MS and 2D-PAGE. Differentially expressed proteins were discovered and identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. Complimentary protein profiles were obtained by the two approaches with SELDI-TOF MS being more efficient in separating proteins in the low molecular range and 2D-PAGE in the high molecular range. Identified proteins included alpha glucosidase, calmodulin, gars, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A3, lon peptidase, nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen (NADH) dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, proteasome p45, rab2, pyruvate kinase and t-complex protein. The observed glucose-induced differential protein expression pattern indicates enhanced glucose metabolism, defense against reactive oxygen species, enhanced protein translation, folding and degradation and decreased insulin granular formation and trafficking. Palmitate-induced changes were related to altered exocytosis.ConclusionsThe identified altered proteins indicate mechanism important for deranged b-cell function in T2DM.
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- Fors, Victor, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Formulation and Interpretation of Optimal Braking Patterns in Autonomous Lane-Keeping Maneuvers
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The two perspectives of autonomous driving and new active safety in vehicles are complementary, and both hold promise to reduce the number of accidents and associated severe or fatal injuries. They both coincide in the recent interest in finding alternatives to traditional yaw-control systems that can utilize the full potential of the vehicle. By considering the control problem as that of lane-keeping, also at high speed and at-the-limit of tire friction, rather than that of yaw control, leads to the possibility of optimization-based active-braking systems with better performance than those existing today. Here, we investigate the optimal braking patterns in completely autonomous lane-keeping maneuvers resulting from a formulation where the optimization criterion used is an interpolation between the initial and final velocities of the maneuver. Varying the interpolation parameter, i.e., the relative weight between the initial and final velocity, results in different vehicle behavior. The analysis of these behaviors provides several new insights into stabilizing braking patterns for vehicles in at-the-limit maneuvers. Specifically, it is to be noted that the benefits of a lane-keeping strategy are immediate, both in terms of the maximum possible initial velocity and the velocity reduction. The formulation embeds the traditional yaw control and optimal lane-keeping as the end-point values of the interpolation parameter, and adds a continuous family of behaviors in between. This gives a new perspective for investigating the relation between traditional yaw control and optimal lane-keeping for autonomous vehicles.
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| 10. |
- Gössling, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Leisure travel distribution patterns of Germans : Insights for climate policy
- 2017
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Ingår i: Case Studies on Transport Policy. - : Elsevier. - 2213-624X .- 2213-6258. ; 5:4, s. 596-603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transport accounts for an estimated 23% of energy-related global CO2 emissions, a large share of this for leisure and tourism purposes. Despite national and sector-specific pledges to reduce global emissions of greenhouse gases, there are no consistent policies for the transport sector, which is characterized by continued strong growth. Against this background, this paper investigates holiday travel patterns of one of the most important tourism markets worldwide, Germany, based on data from annual travel surveys ('Reiseanalyse', with n= similar to 7500). Data on trip numbers, transport modes and travel distances are evaluated, indicating that emissions of greenhouse gases related to holiday travel (including trips lasting 5 days and longer) are significant at an average 320 kg CO2 per trip and person. Findings also show that the distribution of holiday travel emissions is highly skewed among the population and heavily depending on trip type. While about a quarter of the population does not participate in holiday travel at all, a small, highly mobile and wealthier share of travellers, 4% of the German population, engages in five or more holiday trips per year. These travellers are also more likely to participate in the most carbon-intense trips, long-haul flights and cruises, which generate 2 t CO2 and more per trip. Findings are discussed in the context of national climate policy.
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