| 1. |
- Aaberge, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of an In-work Tax Credit Reform in Sweden: Effects on Labor Supply and Welfare Participation of Single Mothers
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to evaluate a recent Swedish in-work tax credit reform where we pay particular attention to labor market exclusion; i.e. individuals in as well as outside the labor force are included in the analysis. To highlight the importance of the joint effects from the tax and the benefit systems it appears particular relevant to analyze the labor supply behavior of single mothers. To this end, we estimate a structural microeconometric model of labor supply and welfare participation. The model accounts for heterogeneity in consumption-leisure preferences as well as for constraints in job opportunities. The results of the evaluation show that the reform generates welfare-gains for virtually every single mother, and moreover benefits low-income households. Finally, due to increased labor supply and decline in welfare participation we find that this reform is almost self-financing.
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| 2. |
- Aaberge, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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U.S. versus Sweden: The Effect of Alternative In-Work Tax Credit Policies on Labour Supply of Single Mothers
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An essential difference between the design of the Swedish and the US in-work tax credit systems relates to their functional forms. Where the US earned income tax credit (EITC) is phased out and favours low and medium earnings, the Swedish system is not phased out and offers 17 and 7 per cent tax credit for low and medium low incomes and a lump-sum tax deduction equal to approximately 2300 USD for medium and higher incomes. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency and distributional effects of these two alternative tax credit designs. We pay particular attention to labour market exclusion; i.e. individuals within as well as outside the labour force are included in the analysis. To highlight the importance of the joint effects from the tax and the benefit systems it appears particular relevant to analyse the labour supply behaviour of single mothers. To this end, we estimate a structural random utility model of labour supply and welfare participation. The model accounts for heterogeneity in consumption-leisure preferences as well as for heterogeneity and constraints in job opportunities. The results of the evaluation show that the Swedish system without phase-out generates substantial larger labour supply responses than the US version of the tax credit. Due to increased labour supply and decline in welfare participation we find that the Swedish reform is self-financing for single mothers, whereas a 10 per cent deficit follows from the adapted EITC version used in this study. However, where income inequality rises modestly under the Swedish tax credit system, the US version with phase-out leads to a significant reduction in the income inequality.
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| 3. |
- Abbott, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Vad är liv? : jakten på en ny definition av liv
- 2017
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Ingår i: Liv : utomjordiskt, syntetiskt, artificiellt - utomjordiskt, syntetiskt, artificiellt. - 9789198439403 ; , s. 21-33
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Abbott, Karen C., et al.
(författare)
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Environmental variation in ecological communities and inferences from single-species data
- 2009
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Ingår i: Ecology. - 0012-9658. ; 90:5, s. 1268-1278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data are often collected for a single species within an ecological community, so quantitative tools for drawing inferences about the unobserved portions of the community from single-species data are valuable. In this paper, we present and examine a method for estimating community dimension (the number of strongly interacting species or groups) from time series data on a single species. The dynamics of one species can be strongly affected by environmental stochasticity acting not only on itself, but also on other species with which it interacts. By fully accounting for the effects of stochasticity on populations embedded in a community, our approach gives better estimates of community dimension than commonly used methods. Using a combination of time series data and simulations, we show that failing to properly account for stochasticity when attempting to relate population dynamics to attributes of the community can give misleading information about community dimension.
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| 5. |
- Abbott, Michael C., et al.
(författare)
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Dyonic Giant Magnons in CP3 : Strings and Curves at Finite J
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. Particles and fields. - 0556-2821 .- 1089-4918. ; 80:2, s. 026005-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies giant magnons in AdS4×CP3 using both the string sigma model and the algebraic curve. We complete the dictionary of solutions by finding the dyonic generalization of the CP1string solution, which matches the “small” giant magnon in the algebraic curve, and by pointing out that the solution recently constructed by the dressing method is the “big” giant magnon. We then use the curve to compute finite-J corrections to all cases, which for the nondyonic cases always match the Arutyunov-Frolov-Zamaklar result. For the dyonic RP3 magnon we recover the S5answer, but for the small and big giant magnons we obtain new corrections.
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| 6. |
- Abbott, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Cadre conceptuel du jeu préjudiciable: Une collaboration internationale, troisième édition
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Si le jeu est souvent considéré comme un divertissement ou un loisir, pour certaines personnes, qu’il s’agisse de familles ou d’individus, voire de la société en général, il peut avoir des répercussions graves. Depuis des décennies, les effets préjudiciables du jeu font l’objet d’études visant à comprendre les distinctions entre la pratique du jeu et le parcours de vie des problèmes liés au jeu. Le présent ouvrage élabore un cadre conceptuel complet et pertinent au niveau international du « jeu préjudiciable » qui identifie les préjudices au-delà d’une vue basée sur les symptômes et aborde une série de facteurs liés aux risques pour la population, de même qu’aux effets sur la communauté et la société. Les facteurs répertoriés dans le cadre représentent des éléments majeurs liés au jeu et sont tantôt spécifiques (environnement de jeu, exposition, types et ressources), tantôt généraux (culturels, sociétaux, psychologiques et biologiques). Le Cadre a été créé par une équipe internationale de spécialistes interdisciplinaires dans le but de faciliter la compréhension du jeu préjudiciable. Il reflète l’état des connaissances liées aux facteurs d’influence du jeu préjudiciable et a pour but secondaire de servir de guide au développement de programmes de recherche futurs et à l’éducation des personnes chargées de prendre des décisions en matière de jeu préjudiciable. Situé à Guelph, en Ontario (Canada), l’organisme Gambling Research Exchange Ontario ou GREO, anciennement Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre (OPGRC) a facilité l’élaboration du présent Cadre conceptuel sur le jeu préjudiciable et demeurera responsable d’assurer la mise à jour de celui-ci.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Abelin Törnblom, Susanne
(författare)
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Mediators of cervical ripening in preterm birth : experimental and clinical investigations
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Preterm birth (PTB) is by far the leading worldwide cause of infant mortality and morbidity. Despite decades of research, the frequency of PTB has not decreased and the basic mechanisms initiating the onset of labour are still poorly understood. Vaginal preterm birth cannot take place without cervical softening and remodelling. Cervical ripening at term is an inflammatory-like process, in which complex interactions between cytokines, prostaglandins and nitric oxide (NO) are believed to play key roles, with NO acting as the final mediator. An understanding of the mediators regulating this process in connection with spontaneous preterm labour is of equally great importance, e.g., when, due to maternal/foetal complications, induction of premature cervical ripening and onset of labour is desired. Aim: Compare preterm cervical ripening to the analogous process occurring at term. Methods: Transvaginal cervical biopsy specimens were obtained and serum samples taken. Women, exhibiting no clinical signs of infection and undergoing preterm labour with a ripe cervix or preterm birth without labour (unripe cervix) were compared to un-infected women delivering at term, with or without labour. Peripheral white blood cell counts (WBC) and serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined by routine procedures in the clinical laboratory. The other parameters monitored and procedures employed were as follows: prostaglandin dehydrogenase, (PGDH), and cyclooxygenase, (COX) proteins (immunohistochemistry (IHC) and dual immunofluorescence) and mRNA Ls (Northern blot). NO synthase; bNOS, eNOS and iNOS proteins (IHC) and mRNA Ls (Real-time RT-PCR) IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, RANTES and TNF- ¿ proteins (ELISA/ Immulite) and IL-8, MCP-1 and RANTES mRNA (RT-PCR). Induction of cervical ripening and labour was performed using local administration of PgE2 and/or intravenous infusion of oxytocin. Results: The only significant differences between women undergoing preterm and term labour were in the levels of expression of bNOS, eNOS, and iNOS mRNA Ls, which where all higher in the preterm group. Other significant changes were only seen upon comparisons of women undergoing and not undergoing labour, irrespective of the gestational age of the foetus. Thus, cervical levels of IL-8 and MCP-1 mRNA Ls and proteins, and of IL-6 protein and serum WBC counts and levels of CRP were all higher in connection with labour. An indication of increased prostaglandin activity, i.e., reduced cervical expression of PGDH mRNA, was also observed in women in labour. In the clinical investigation induction of cervical ripening and labour with PgE2 applied locally, preterm, term or at postterm was not associated with any differences, in the mode of delivery or neonatal outcome. The fact that postterm pregnancy is a high risk obstetric situation, was emphasized by the four-fold higher frequency of extensive postpartum bleeding, >1000 ml, in this situation compared to labour at term. Conclusions: This study supports the hypothesis that preterm cervical ripening involves an inflammatory process, which may constitute a normal physiological adaptation to the onset of labour. The elevations in WBC count and serum level of CRP are striking indicators of active labour. NO appears to play a crucial role in preterm cervical ripening, consistent with its presumed acting as the final mediator. Local application of PgE2 to induce preterm cervical ripening and labour is effective and safe, for both mother and child.
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| 9. |
- Abioye, Ajibola I., et al.
(författare)
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Anemia of Inflammation during Human Pregnancy Does Not Affect Newborn Iron Endowment
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - : AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 148:3, s. 427-436
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To our knowledge, no studies have addressed whether maternal anemia of inflammation (AI) affects newborn iron status, and few have addressed risk factors for specific etiologies of maternal anemia. Objectives: The study aims were to evaluate 1) the contribution of AI and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) to newborn iron endowment, 2) hepcidin as a biomarker to distinguish AI from IDA among pregnant women, and 3) risk factors for specific etiologies of maternal anemia. Methods: We measured hematologic biomarkers in maternal blood at 12 and 32 wk of gestation and in cord blood from a randomized trial of praziquantel in 358 pregnant women with Schistosoma japonicum in The Philippines. IDA was defined as anemia with serum ferritin amp;lt; 30 ng/mL and non-IDA (NIDA), largely due to AI, as anemia with ferritin amp;gt;= 30 ng/mL. We identified cutoffs for biomarkers to distinguish IDA from NIDA by using area under the curve (AUC) analyses and examined the impact of different causes of anemia on newborn iron status (primary outcome) by using multivariate regression modeling. Results: Of the 358 mothers, 38% (n = 136) had IDA and 9% (n = 32) had NIDA at 32 wk of gestation. At 32 wk of gestation, serum hepcidin performed better than soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) in identifying women with NIDA compared with the rest of the cohort (AUCs: 0.75 and 0.70, respectively) and in identifying women with NIDA among women with anemia (0.73 and 0.72, respectively). The cutoff that optimally distinguished women with NIDA from women with IDA in our cohort was 6.1 mu g/L. Maternal IDA, but not NIDA, was associated with significantly lower newborn ferritin (114.4 ng/mL compared with 148.4 mu g/L; P = 0.042). Conclusions: Hepcidin performed better than sTfR in identifying pregnant women with NIDA, but its cost may limit its use. Maternal IDA, but not NIDA, is associated with decreased newborn iron stores, emphasizing the need to identify this cause and provide iron therapy.
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| 10. |
- Abiri, Elisabeth, 1962
(författare)
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Asylrätten: ett hot mot statens säkerhet?
- 2003
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Ingår i: Flyghed, Janne & Magnus Hörnqvist (red.) Laglöst land: Terroristjakt och rättssäkerhet i Sverige?. - Stockholm : Ordfront.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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