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Sökning: swepub > Övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt > Svenska > Örebro universitet > (1995-1999)

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  • Björk, Gunnela, 1949- (författare)
  • Att förhandla sitt medborgarskap : Kvinnor som kollektiva politiska aktörer i Örebro 1900-1950
  • 1999
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The dissertation takes its theoretical departure in the concept of citizenship, conceptualised here both as a status, carrying a wide range of rights, and as a practice, involving both obligations and political participation. The investigation focuses on women in local political parties, trade unions, women's organizations for temperance, philanthropy and the franchise, and women's networks in Örebro. It is possible to understand and explain women's collective actions in their own organizations as a struggle and negotiation about the status and meaning of their political citizenship.The survey reveals that women´s political representation did not correspond to their activities and responsibilities as citizens. They received the same formal status of citizenship, but not the same opportunities as men. The huge obstacle was the nomination process in the political parties. It was mostly through the demands of the women's own associations, that women were represented at all. On the other hand, separate organization was an obstacle for women to represent anything other than their female sex. Women tried to make sense of a gendered citizenship, full of contradictions and paradoxes. They displayed a large and multifaceted practice of citizenship. They tried to command respect for their contribution to publice welfare. They spent a lot of time on voluntary work for the common good. They educated themselves and other women to be good citizens. This can be interpreted as an adaption to the male definition of citizenship. But women also tried to negotiate with men about the meaning of female citizenship. They suggested that what women did for the common good should be upgraded. They tried alternative ways to achieve economic independence and economic citizenship. This can be interpreted as resistance to the male definition of citizenship
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  • Bruhn, Anders (författare)
  • Individualiseringen och det fackliga kollektivet : En studie av industritjänstemäns förhållningssätt till facket
  • 1999
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This dissertation is based on a research project focusing privately employed industrial white-collar workers in Gothenburg, Sweden. The project was initiated due to signs of changes in the way employees perceive and act in relation to the union. The aim of this thesis is to study the causes behind individual patterns of action in relation to union membership and activity. My ambition is to increase our knowledge of the conditions of unions in contemporary working life, as well as of organisations of interest more generally. The problem is tackled in two steps: First I describe and analyse the individual motives behind different patterns of action. Second I analyse contextual causes, both in the workplace and in society at large, behind changes in motives evidenced today. My point of departure is theories about value change and individualization. The concept of value is here used to analyse how the individualization process changes the conditions for organized collective behaviour. My methodological approach is multistrategic. The main component of the approach is qualitative interviews. I interviewed employees at seven different companys during the period of 1993-1995. 1997 these were complemented with a postal survey to a representative sample of the target group in Gothenburg. The analysis reveals a distinctive generation gap in motives in relation to union membership and activity. Group-utility based instrumental views about the union, often in connection with "solidarity" and other traditional union values, was quite common among the older employees. These views were related to "security-based" materialistic value patterns. Instrumental considerations based on personal utility were mote frequent among the younger employees and coexisted with "private post-materialistic" value patterns. The private postmaterialist is fairly open-minded, critically reflexive and ambivalent. He/she gives priority to "libertarian" values, such as personal development and self-fulfilment. Situationally bound activities and objects ate not evaluated in relation to any deeper ideological convictions. As a result of this peripheral values, attitudes and actions adapt rapidly to situational changes and opinions are easily altered. This is a "risk-group" for unions and other established organizations of interest. They are not against organized collectives as such. To participate though, they demand direct personal influence and benefits. To attract them unions has to revaluate both how activity is carried out and what issues to give priority. Private postmaterialism is, along with the more principled and ideologically based "social" variant of postmaterialism, a reflection of increasing individualism. Causes for value change and individualisation can be accounted for by changes in the socialisation process and the growing differentiation and fragmentation in todays complex society.
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  • Greve, Jan, 1951- (författare)
  • Ekonomisystem och affärsstrategier
  • 1999
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The aim of this study is to examine whether Management Accounting Systems (MAS) support business strategy. Or to put it more precisely - do various combinations of MAS and strategy result in differences in overall effectiveness for the firms, and will firms in general choose the MAS that contributes to the highest degree of effectiveness for the strategy employed? Data was collected through a survey. The objects studied were companies with at least 200 employees and with both a manufacturing and a marketing function. A questionnaire was sent to the marketing directors of 150 randomly selected companies. Response was received from 128 companies.It was found that firms could be classified according to three types of business strategy. Firms with a product developing strategy seek competitive advantages by developing and marketing new products. Firms with a marketing strategy gain competitive advantages by service and image-shaping activities and firms with a customising strategy look for solutions to problems that are specific for each individual customer.Properties of the MAS were used as input in a cluster analysis, and four different categories of MAS emerged. Companies with an extensive MAS scanned the environment, their planning systems played an important role and to a large extent they made use of non-financial measures. Focal systems were directed towards product- and customer accounting. Traditional systems displayed no distinctive features except for rather well-developed planning systems (budgets and marketing programmes). Simple systems were rather poorly equipped regarding all the features mentioned above.The conclusion was that generally firms do not choose a MAS that supports their business strategy. Firms with a product-developing strategy would be best supported by a focal system, but among those firms no preferences at all could be observed in their choice of MAS. Firms with a marketing strategy would do best with a traditional system, but a great majority of these firms preferred a focal system. Only among firms with a customisation strategy did a majority of the firms choose the MAS that proved to be the most supportive system for that strategic group, namely the simple system. However, the relation between MAS and strategy was rather weak in this group.
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