| 51. |
- Olsson, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive Function in Older Suicide Attempters and a Population-Based Comparison Group
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0891-9887 .- 1552-5708. ; 29:3, s. 133-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to compare cognitive function in older suicide attempters with a population-based comparison group. METHODS: Hospitalized suicide attempters aged 70 years and older were assessed cognitively at baseline (n = 99) and 1-year follow-up (n = 59). Depression symptoms were rated with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Results of cognitive assessments in attempters were compared with results in nonattempter comparison subjects (n = 115) selected among participants in our population-based health studies to yield a similar distribution of MADRS scores. RESULTS: Suicide attempters scored lower on Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) than comparison persons. Among attempters, the mean MMSE score was lower in those with medically serious attempts. Attempters displayed poorer performance on tests of pentagon drawing and abstract thinking compared to comparison persons, and the results remained also after exclusion of those with medically serious attempts. At 1-year follow-up, significant improvement in MADRS scores was observed in the attempters. No evidence of improvement could be shown regarding cognitive deficits. CONCLUSION: Older suicide attempters may have cognitive deficits, which may in part be related to the attempt itself. This needs to be taken into account when designing intervention strategies.
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| 52. |
- Ribbe, Mats, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Amyloid β42 and Total Tau Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid Associate with Survival in an 85-Year-Old Population-Based Cohort Followed until Death
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 47:1-2, s. 114-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Dementia of Alzheimer's type (AD) is related to decreased survival. It is not clear whether also biological markers of AD are related to mortality. Low levels of amyloid beta-42 (Aβ42) and high levels of total tau (T-tau) protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are established biomarkers for AD. >bold<>italic/italic<>/bold< Our aim was to investigate whether levels of Aβ42 and T-tau are associated with survival among octogenarians independently of dementia status. >bold<>italic/italic<>/bold< Sixty-five 85-year-olds underwent lumbar puncture and were followed with repeated neuropsychiatric examinations until death.>bold<>italic< Results:>/italic<>/bold< Lower CSF Aβ42 (>italic/italic< = 0.010) and higher CSF T-tau (>italic/italic< = 0.005) at the age of 85 were associated with lower survival independently of dementia status at baseline and follow-up. Low CSF Aβ42 and high CSF T-tau were also related to baseline dementia at the age of 85 years, and lower CSF Aβ42 with increased dementia incidence during the first 3 years of follow-up. >bold<>italic/italic<>/bold< Biological markers of AD are associated with mortality in octogenarians. The reason for this needs further study. Our findings highlight the importance to consider the competing risk of death when evaluating biological markers of AD in the very old. © 2019 S. Karger AG, Basel. All rights reserved.
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| 53. |
- Rydberg Sterner, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Depression and neuroticism decrease among women but not among men between 1976-2016 in Swedish septuagenarians
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 139:4, s. 381-394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: We evaluated birth cohort differences in depressive symptom burden, prevalence of depression diagnoses, and neuroticism, among Swedish 70-year-olds examined between 1976 and 2016. Methods: We used a repeated cross-sectional design examining four representative population samples of Swedish 70-year-olds (total n=2279) with identical methods in 1976-77 (n=392), 1992-93 (n=226), 2000-02 (n=487), and 2014-16 (n=1166). Depressive symptom burden was rated with the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. Major depression was diagnosed according to DSM-5, and minor depression according to DSM-IV-TR research criteria. Neuroticism was rated with the Eysenck Personality Inventory. Results: For women in 2014-16, MADRS score (4.4 vs. 6.1 vs. 5.8; p<0.05) and neuroticism (6.6 vs. 7.7 vs. 9.2; p<0.05) were lower compared to 1992-93 and 1976-77, and the prevalence of any depression was lower compared to 2000-02 and 1992-93 (10.9% vs. 16.9% vs. 18.1%; p<0.05). For men, we observed no birth cohort differences in depression, while neuroticism was found to be lower in 2014-16 compared to 1976-77 among men without depression (5.1 vs. 5.9; p<0.01). The sex difference for MADRS and neuroticism declined between 1976-77 and 2014-16 (cohort*sex p<0.05). Conclusions: Depressive burden and neuroticism decreased in 70-year-old women between 1976 and 2016.
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| 54. |
- Rydberg Sterner, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Depression in relation to sex and gender expression among Swedish septuagenarians-Results from the H70 study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 15:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Little is known about the role of gender expression (femininity, masculinity, or androgyny) in relation to sex differences in depression. This study tested if gender expression was associated with depression and burden of depressive symptoms in a 70-year-old population. Methods A cross-sectional population-based sample of 70-year-olds from The Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Study (n = 1203) was examined in 2014-16. Data were collected using psychiatric examinations and structured questionnaires, including the Positive-Negative Sex-Role Inventory to assess gender expression. Depression was diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria, and symptom burden was assessed with Montgomery angstrom sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Results Gender expression was related to MADRS score and depression diagnosis. In fully adjusted models, feminine traits with low social desirability (FEM-) were associated with a higher MADRS score (R(2)0.16; B 0.16; CI 0.1-0.2), while androgyny (t ratio) (R(2)0.12; B 0.42; CI 0.1-0.7) and masculine traits with high social desirability (MAS+) (R(2)0.13; B -0.06; CI -0.1--0.01) were associated with a lower MADRS score. Also, feminine traits with low social desirability (FEM-) were positively associated with depression (OR 1.04; CI 1.01-1.1). No associations between depression and masculinity or androgyny were observed in adjusted models. There were no interactions between sex and gender expression in relation to depression or MADRS score, indicating that the effects of gender expression were similar in men and women. Conclusions We found that gender expression was associated to both depression and burden of depressive symptoms. More specifically, we found that femininity was associated to higher levels of depression, irrespective of biological sex. In addition, masculinity and androgyny were associated with lower levels of depression. These results highlight the importance of taking gender expression into consideration when studying sex differences in depression among older populations in future studies.
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| 55. |
- Rydberg Sterner, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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The Gothenburg H70 Birth cohort study 2014-16: design, methods and study population.
- 2019
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Ingår i: European journal of epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7284 .- 0393-2990. ; 34:2, s. 191-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To improve health care for older persons, we need to learn more about ageing, e.g. identify protective factors and early markers for diseases. The Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies (the H70 studies) are multidisciplinary epidemiological studies examining representative birth cohorts of older populations in Gothenburg, Sweden. So far, six birth cohorts of 70-year-olds have been examined over time, and examinations have been virtually identical between studies. This paper describes the study procedures for the baseline examination of the Birth cohort 1944, conducted in 2014-16. In this study, all men and women born 1944 on specific dates, and registered as residents in Gothenburg, were eligible for participation (n = 1839). A total of 1203 (response rate 72.2%; 559 men and 644 women; mean age 70.5 years) agreed to participate in the study. The study comprised sampling of blood and cerebrospinal fluid, psychiatric, cognitive, and physical health examinations, examinations of genetics and family history, use of medications, social factors, functional ability and disability, physical fitness and activity, body composition, lung function, audiological and ophthalmological examinations, diet, brain imaging, as well as a close informant interview, and qualitative studies. As in previous examinations, data collection serves as a basis for future longitudinal follow-up examinations. The research gained from the H70 studies has clinical relevance in relation to prevention, early diagnosis, clinical course, experience of illness, understanding pathogenesis and prognosis. Results will increase our understanding of ageing and inform service development, which may lead to enhanced quality of care for older persons.
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| 56. |
- Rydén, Lina, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Agreement between self-reports, proxy-reports and the National Patient Register regarding diagnoses of cardiovascular disorders and diabetes mellitus in a population-based sample of 80-year-olds
- 2019
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Ingår i: Age and Ageing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-0729 .- 1468-2834. ; 48:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Background: cognitive impairment is common among older adults, necessitating the use of collateral sources in epidemiological studies involving this age group. The objective of this study was to evaluate agreement between self- and proxyreports of cardiovascular disorders and diabetes mellitus in a population-based sample of 80-year-olds. Further, both self and proxy-reports were compared with hospital register data. Methods: data were obtained from the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies in Sweden. The study had a cross-sectional design and information was collected through semi-structured interviews in 2009–2012 from participants born in 1930 (N = 419) and their proxy informants. The National Patient Register provided diagnoses registered during hospital stays. Agreement was measured with Kappa values (K). Results: agreement between self- and proxy-reports was substantial for diabetes mellitus (K = 0.79), atrial fibrillation (K = 0.61), myocardial infarction (K = 0.75), angina pectoris (K = 0.73) and hypertension (K = 0.62), and fair for intermittent claudication (K = 0.38) and heart failure (K = 0.40). Compared to the National Patient Register, a large proportion of those with a hospital discharge diagnosis were also self- and proxy-reported. Conclusions: proxy informants can be an important source of information, at least for well-defined conditions such as myocardial infarction, angina pectoris and diabetes mellitus.
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| 57. |
- Sacuiu, Simona, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Increased risk of dementia in subjective cognitive decline if CT brain changes are present
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - 1387-2877. ; 66:2, s. 483-495
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) has low predictive value for incident dementia. Objectives: We examined whether CT detectable brain changes add predictive value to SCD in a population sample with high scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination. Methods: Subjective reports of memory and executive function were gathered in a non-demented population sample ≥70 years (n=921). CT-brain was performed at baseline (n=626). Brain atrophy, infarcts, and white matter lesions (WMLs) were classified using visual ratings. Dementia incidence was evaluated periodically during 12 years. Results: The prevalence of SCD was 32.5% among individuals without dementia. During follow-up, 151 individuals (16.4%) developed dementia. The risk of dementia was increased in SCD, and increased further with WMLs and cortical atrophy present. However, the positive predictive values for incident dementia were low, 25% in SCD and 41% in SCD with WMLs and cortical atrophy. Conclusion: Our observations add clinical value to the use of SCD and CT to select relevant populations for interventions against dementia, but more stringent screening methods are necessary to reach individuals at risk. © 2018 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.
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| 58. |
- Sacuiu, Simona, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Secular changes in cognitive predictors of dementia and mortality in 70-year-olds.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Neurology. - 1526-632X. ; 75:9, s. 779-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Successive elderly birth cohorts improved in cognitive performance during the 20th century. It is not clear whether this influences cognitive predictors of dementia and mortality. OBJECTIVE: In 2 longitudinal population studies, representing 2 cohorts of 70-year-olds examined 30 years apart, we investigated the relation between baseline cognitive function and 5-year occurrence of dementia and mortality. METHODS: Two representative cohorts of 70-year-olds initially free from dementia born in 1901-1902 (cohort 1901-1902: n = 381) and 1930 (cohort 1930: n = 551) from Gothenburg, Sweden, were examined in 1971-1972 and 2000-2001 and after 5 years for the outcome of dementia and death. Recent memory was evaluated during psychiatric examinations, and nonmemory domains using psychometric tests. RESULTS: At age 70, cohort 1930 performed better on psychometric tests, and had fewer recent memory problems compared to cohort 1901-1902. During 5-year follow-up, 5.0% in cohort 1901-1902 and 4.4% in cohort 1930 (p = 0.742) developed dementia, and 15.7% in cohort 1901-1902 and 4.4% in cohort 1930 died (p < 0.001). Recent memory was associated with incident dementia in both cohorts. Low scores in nonmemory tests were associated with incident dementia in cohort 1901-1902, but not in cohort 1930. Recent memory problems and lower scores in nonmemory tests were associated with 5-year mortality in cohort 1901-1902, but not in cohort 1930. CONCLUSIONS: Secular changes in cognitive performance may influence cognitive predictors of dementia and mortality, despite similar incidence of dementia. The findings should be taken cautiously due to differences between cohorts in refusal rates, quality of education, and dementia recognition in medical records.
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| 59. |
- Sacuiu, Simona, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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The pattern of cognitive symptoms predicts time to dementia onset.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. - : Wiley. - 1552-5279 .- 1552-5260. ; 5:3, s. 199-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined whether cognitive symptom patterns differ by age and length of time before dementia onset. Our objective was to investigate whether different patterns of cognitive symptoms at ages 70, 75, and 79 years predict short-term (< or =5 years) and long-term (>5 years) dementia onset. METHODS: A representative sample of 382 nondemented 70-year-olds from Gothenburg, Sweden was examined periodically up to age 90 years. Information on dementia in those lost to follow-up was obtained from medical records. Cognitive assessments at ages 70, 75, and 79 years included psychiatric and psychometric examinations. Four patterns of cognitive performance were examined in relation to dementia onset: (1) unimpaired cognition, (2) isolated low memory, (3) low non-memory, and (4) global low cognitive performance. RESULTS: Short-term onset was predicted by global low performance at ages 70, 75, and 79 years and by low non-memory performance at ages 70 and 75. Isolated low memory was not a short-term predictor at any examination, but it predicted long-term onset at ages 70 and 75 years. CONCLUSIONS: A global pattern of low cognitive performance predicts short-term but not long-term onset of dementia, whereas isolated low memory performance predicts dementia only in the long-term. Our findings also suggest that preclinical symptoms of dementia might differ by age.
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| 60. |
- Sigström, Robert, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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A population-based study on phobic fears and DSM-IV specific phobia in 70-year olds.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of anxiety disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7897 .- 0887-6185. ; 25:1, s. 148-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This population-based study reports on the prevalence and characteristics of specific phobia (SP) and phobic fears in an elderly population. A representative population sample of Swedish 70-year-olds without dementia (N = 558) was examined using semi-structured interviews. Phobic fears included fear of animals, natural environment, specific situations, blood-injection-injury and 'other'. Mental disorders, including SP, were diagnosed according to DSM-IV. Phobic fears (71.0% vs. 37.9%) and SP (13.8% vs. 4.5%) were more common in women than in men. Among those with phobic fears, more than 80% reported onset before age 21. Of those with SP, 35.7% had another DSM-IV diagnosis compared to 8.5% of those reporting no fear. Fear of specific situations and 'other' fears were related to SP and other anxiety disorders. SP was related to lower global functioning. We conclude that specific phobia in the elderly should receive attention from health professionals as it is common and associated with a decrease in global functioning.
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